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101.
Kazuhiko Mochida Katsutoshi Ito Kumiko Kono Toshimitsu Onduka Akira Kakuno Kazunori Fujii 《Fisheries Science》2010,76(2):333-341
The effects of organotin compounds on marine organisms, especially on their reproduction, are a continuing source of concern.
We performed full-life-cycle exposure tests of tributyltin oxide (TBTO) at sub-lethal concentrations (0.13, 0.25, 0.5 and
1.0 μg/l) using a marine fish, the mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus, and studied the toxic effects of exposure to TBTO at various life-cycle stages of the fish. The effect of TBTO was initially
studied on sex differentiation and then on spermatogenesis in maturing fish. A mating experiment was performed to determine
the effects of exposure on the fecundity of female fish, fertilization success, and the hatch of the F1 generation. In all experimental groups, TBTO exposure resulted in a tendency toward a male-biased sex ratio and caused a
significant increase in the frequency at which apoptotic cells appeared in the testes. Exposure to 1.0 μg/l TBTO resulted
in a significant decrease in fecundity, but no significant effect was found on the fertilization ratio. Time to hatch and
hatchability of the F1 generation were markedly affected in some exposure groups. These results indicate that long-term exposure of the mummichog
to TBTO affects not only gonadal sex differentiation and spermatogenesis but also spawning and egg quality. 相似文献
102.
With data sampled from 2003 to 2006, this study presents the effects of temperature, food availability (C), and body size on the somatic growth rate [^(g)] \hat{g} (mm day−1) and on the size-specific growth rates [^(G)] \hat{G} (day−1) of larval Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus caught in Hiuchi-nada, Seto Inland Sea, Japan, a semi-enclosed narrow sea. C was calculated using an individual-based model, which is an encounter model between copepods and anchovy where the anchovy
resulted in a successful capture of the copepod. [^(g)] \hat{g} decreased with increasing anchovy length, but increased with increasing C. No significant relationship was found between [^(g)] \hat{g} and temperature. [^(G)] \hat{G} decreased with increasing temperature, but anchovy weight, on the other hand, increased with increasing C. In the literature, the mechanism of growth determination for larvae of pelagic fish species is considered to be primarily
determined by sea temperature and secondarily by food availability. However, [^(g)] \hat{g} and [^(G)] \hat{G} were found to be dependent on C rather than temperature. [^(G)] \hat{G} was dependent on anchovy weight rather than C and temperature. For forecasting the number of days required for development from an arbitrary pre-recruitment size to the
recruitment size, we address not only temperature but also food availability and the size effect when considering the mechanism
of growth determination for larvae. 相似文献
103.
Kumiko Hayashi Kunihiko Konno Kyoko Adachi Takeshi Nawamura Yoshikazu Shizuri Yuji Okita Ikuo Kimura 《Fisheries Science》2009,75(3):797-803
Suppressive effects of neocarrabiose 4-O-sulfate on the thermal and freeze denaturation of myosin subfragment-1 (S-1) and on myofibrils were investigated. The compound
strongly suppressed the thermal denaturation of S-1. Its suppressive effect was greater than that of sorbitol and similar
to that of maltose. However, it tended to accelerate the denaturation of myofibrils, suggesting a loss of protection by F-actin
upon its addition. The compound suppressed the freeze denaturation of myofibrils and S-1. The effect was similar to that of
sorbitol or maltose, and completely different from that of Na-sulfate. The compound solubilized myofibrils at concentrations
similar to KCl. Therefore, it was concluded that neocarrabiose 4-O-sulfate behaved as an ionic salt in the thermal treatment process, whereas it behaved as a sugar in the frozen storage process. 相似文献
104.
Mitsuo Nyuji Tetsuro Shiraishi Sethu Selvaraj Vu Van In Hajime Kitano Akihiko Yamaguchi Kumiko Okamoto Shizumasa Onoue Akio Shimizu Michiya Matsuyama 《Fisheries Science》2011,77(5):731-739
The physiological functions of pituitary gonadotropins (GtHs) are well established in higher vertebrates, whereas those in
teleosts are still poorly understood. To describe the role of GtHs during gonadal development of female chub mackerel Scomber japonicus, changes in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) cells were investigated immunohistochemically
during the seasonal reproductive and spawning cycles. FSH and LH cells were identified in the different cell types of the
proximal pars distalis (PPD); FSH cells were located in the central PPD, whereas LH cells were localized along the border
of the pars intermedia. To examine changes in FSH and LH cells, the percentage of FSH or LH cell-occupying area in the PPD
was evaluated and represented as FSHβ-immunoreactive (ir) or LHβ-ir levels, respectively. FSHβ-ir levels increased significantly
from immature to the completion of vitellogenesis, whereas LHβ-ir levels were maintained at high levels from early vitellogenesis
to post-spawning. During the spawning cycle, which consisted of four stages from just after spawning to the next oocyte maturation,
both FSHβ-ir and LHβ-ir levels showed no significant changes among different stages; however, LHβ-ir levels remained relatively
high, and FSHβ-ir levels were constantly low. These results suggest that both FSH and LH may be involved in vitellogenesis
and LH may act at final oocyte maturation in female chub mackerel, although the role of FSH during the spawning cycle is still
unclear. 相似文献
105.
Tetsuro Shiraishi Kumiko Okamoto Michio Yoneda Takeshi Sakai Seiji Ohshimo Shizumasa Onoe Akihiko Yamaguchi Michiya Matsuyama 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(5):947-954
The age and growth of chub mackerel Scomber japonicus collected from the East China Sea and the northern waters off Kyushu between June 2000 and June 2001 were determined by observing
the otolith surface after dipping it in xylene. The translucent and opaque zones on the otolith surface were identified, and
the number of translucent zones was counted. Monthly changes in the frequency of fish with translucent zones on the otolith
margin, and in the marginal increments, indicated that the translucent zones were formed between April and June. The seasonal
pattern of annulus formation on the otolith became clear by observing the otoliths of fish with known ages, and the otolith
formation in wild fish was consistent with that of fish with known ages. The mean gonadosomatic index of male and female fish
was high from March to May, and spawning females were observed from mid-March to mid-May. The estimated ages were 1–5 years
for males and 1–6 years for females. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters did not significantly differ between male and female.
The model was obtained as FL
t=406×{1−exp[−0.372×(t+1.68)] 相似文献
106.
Nguyen Thi Ngoc Anh Daisuke Miyaji Kumiko Osaki-Oka Tatsuo Saito Atsushi Ishihara Arata Yajima 《Journal of Pesticide Science》2022,47(1):17
We synthesized the proposed structure of an antifungal compound detected in the culture broth of the edible mushroom Hypsizygus marmoreus. Using the Evans aldol and Abiko–Masamune aldol reactions as the key steps, we synthesized all of the stereoisomers of the compound with high stereoselectivity. The GC retention times and the fragmentation patterns in the mass spectra of the synthesized isomers did not match those of the natural product. Therefore, this result may imply that it is necessary to reisolate the natural product and reconsider its structure. All of the synthesized isomers were found to exhibit antifungal activity against the phytopathogenic fungus Alternaria brassicicola. Due to their simple structures, the obtained isomers could be lead compounds for new pesticides. 相似文献
107.
K Tsukamoto M Hasebe S Kakita H Hihara Y Kono 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》1991,53(5):859-864
A total of 72 White Leghorn grandparent hens was examined by ELISA for avian leukosis virus (ALV), ALV antigens and anti-ALV antibodies to identify and characterize the hens transmitting ALV to their embryos (transmitters) by using fertilized eggs. These hens were divided into 3 groups as no antibody and non-viremic (NANV) (49 hens), antibody-positive and non-viremic (APNV) (21 hens) and no antibody and viremic (NAV) (2 hens) by testing the sera for the presence of ALV and anti-ALV antibody. Egg albumen and embryos were tested for the presence of ALV and ALV antigens. As a result, no ALV was detected in both albumen and embryos in the NANV group. On the other hand, all albumen samples collected repeatedly from 3 hens of the APNV group and 2 hens of the NAV group contained infectious ALV, although the infectivity differed with the individual. Also, these 5 hens produced infected embryos at varying frequencies. However, on AP hen which shed neither ALV nor ALV antigens into the albumen produced an infected embryo at a lower rate. These results indicate that testing for infectious ALV in albumen from a newly laid egg per hen is effective to identify the transmitters to some extent. When virus titers in each of 8 tissue samples from the 6 transmitting hens were determined, the highest virus titers were found in washing from the ampulla of the oviducts in most of the shedders, suggesting that embryo infection is closely correlated with ALV produced at the oviduct, but not with ALV transferred from the other parts of the body. 相似文献
108.
109.
Five virus strains with identical antigenic properties were isolated from 3 RBC suspensions obtained from 2 healthy sentinel calves and from 2 pools of Culicoides oxystoma in cultures of a hamster lung cell line (HmLu-1). The virus was tentatively named Chuzan virus. The Chuzan virus was classified as a new member of the Palyam subgroup of the genus Orbivirus on the basis of its physicochemical, morphologic, and antigenic properties. 相似文献
110.
An epizootic of congenital abnormalities of calves was observed in the Kyushu district of Japan from November 1985 through April 1986. The main clinical signs of the disease were impairment of mobility and signs of impairment of the nervous system. Opisthotonos was pronounced, and almost all calves were unable to suckle by themselves. The main macroscopic pathologic changes were hydranencephaly and cerebellar hypoplasia. Although an etiologic agent was not isolated from the calves, serotest results of precolostral serum samples indicated that 128 of 139 (92%) abnormal calves had antibody for Chuzan virus, a new virus belonging to the Palyam subgroup of the Orbivirus genus; 34 healthy calves in the epizootiologic area did not have antibody for the virus. The presence of Chuzan virus in Kyushu in 1985 was confirmed serologically. 相似文献