DNA methylation profile: a composer-, conductor-, and player-orchestrated Mammalian genome consisting of genes and transposable genetic elements     

S Yagi  M Hirosawa  K Shiota 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2012,58(3):265-273

Epigenetic systems play crucial roles in the differentiation of a mammalian fertilized egg into hundreds of cell types exhibiting distinct phenotypes, using a set of DNA molecules comprising about 3 billion nucleotides. Genome-wide analyses of epigenetic marks have revealed the remarkably well-established and well-maintained structure of the epigenome, consisting of DNA methylation and histone modifications that vary their state in a tissue type- and developmental stage-specific manner at numerous genomic loci. DNA methylation profiles comprising numerous tissue-dependent and differentially methylated regions (T-DMRs), found at such loci, are unique to every type of cell and tissue, and illuminate molecular networks that represent their phenotypes. T-DMRs are located in not only genic but also nongenic regions-including transposable genetic elements, such as short interspersed transposable element. Epigenetic studies indicate that the molecules that perform these modifications directly, such as DNA methyltransferases and eukaryotic histone methyltransferases, or indirectly, such as CpG-binding protein and noncoding RNAs-and combinations of these-contribute to the DNA methylation profile. It remains to be addressed how these molecules precisely find their target genomic loci.  相似文献   

Molecular characterization of parthenogenic Fasciola sp. in Korea on the basis of DNA sequences of ribosomal ITS1 and mitochondrial NDI gene     

Itagaki T  Kikawa M  Terasaki K  Shibahara T  Fukuda K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(11):1115-1118

Nucleotide sequences of ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) and mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase I (NDI) gene were analyzed to genetically characterize aspermic Fasciola forms in Korea. From the difference in ITS1 sequences, Korean flukes were divided into 3 haplotypes represented by Kor1, Kor2 and Kor1/2, which had nucleotides identical to F. hepatica, F. gigantica and those overlapped between the two species, respectively. NDI sequences also showed that Korean flukes could be classified into 3 distinct haplotypes (Kor1: F. hepatica-type, Kor2a and Kor2b: F. gigantica-type). The sequences of Kor1 and Kor2a were 100% identical to those of the haplotypes Fsp1and Fsp2, respectively, which are major Fasciola forms in Japan. These findings strongly suggest that aspermic Fasciola forms in Korea and Japan originated from same ancestors and have recently spread throughout both countries.  相似文献   

Ganglioglioma in the thalamus of a puppy     

Uchida K  Nakayama H  Endo Y  Kai C  Tatewaki S  Yamaguchi R  Doi K  Tateyama S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(1):113-115

A solitary brain mass of a 4-month-old miniature dachshund showing seizure-like neurological signs was examined histopathologically. At necropsy a white tumor mass, replacing the thalamus, approximately 1.5 cm in diameter, was found. There was cystic space filled with yellowish pale fluid in the central area of the tumor mass. Histopathological examination revealed that the mass consisted of irregularly arranged well-differentiated neuronal and glial cells, and multifocal mineral deposits. The neuronal cells had a large clear nucleus and various amount of Nissl substances in the cytoplasm. Some neural cells were bi-nucleated. Neither mitotic figures nor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive nuclei was found in the neuronal cells. Immunostaining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) revealed diffuse proliferation of GFAP-positive glial cells and their processes, while these glial cells did not show apparent cellular atypism, mitotic activity, or PCNA-immunoreactivity. Accordingly, the present tumor was diagnosed as ganglioglioma, and hamartomatous histogenesis might be possible.  相似文献   

Trans-endothelial and trans-epithelial transfer of lactoferrin into the brain through BBB and BCSFB in adult rats     

Kamemori N  Takeuchi T  Sugiyama A  Miyabayashi M  Kitagawa H  Shimizu H  Ando K  Harada E 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2008,70(3):313-315

The transportation of intravenously administered bovine lactoferrin (bLF) into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was immunohistochemically investigated in adult rats. Administered bLF was detected in the vesicular membranes of endothelial cells in cerebral blood vessels 10 min after the infusion. Numerous immunoreactive small vesicles were also detected at the ependymal cells in the choroid plexus. Moreover, the bLF concentration in the CSF was significantly increased at 1-2 hr after the intravenous infusion of bLF (10 or 30 mg/kg). These findings clearly demonstrate that LF is possibly transported into the brain matter even in adult animals.  相似文献   

Dietary β-alanine enhances brain, but not muscle, carnosine and anserine concentrations in broilers     

Shozo TOMONAGA  Kunio KANEKO  Yuji KAJI  Yasuhiro KIDO  Donald Michael DENBOW  Mitsuhiro FURUSE 《Animal Science Journal》2006,77(1):79-86

Carnosine (β‐alanyl‐L‐histidine) and its derivative anserine (β‐alanyl‐1‐methyl‐L‐histidine) are present in high concentrations in the muscle and brain of chickens. They are known as antioxidants and putative neurotransmitters in the brain. If administration of β‐alanine (β‐Ala), one of the constituents of carnosine, could increase the concentrations of these dipeptides in the brain and muscles, it could improve brain function and increase the commercial value of the meat in chickens. As an early step in investigating this hypothesis, in the present study, the effect of dietary β‐Ala on these dipeptide concentrations in the brain, Musculus pectoralis superficialis, Musculus pectoralis profundus and Musculus biceps femoris was investigated in broilers. Four‐week‐old broilers were given a commercial diet or diet containing 0.5, 1 or 2%β‐Ala for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, concentrations of both dipeptides were increased in the brain, while taurine concentration was decreased. In the muscles, concentrations of these dipeptides were unchanged. These results indicate that dietary β‐Ala might influence brain function, but is ineffective in increasing the concentrations of carnosine and anserine in the muscles of broilers.  相似文献   

Thymoma in a dog with a part of granular cell proliferation and concurrent lymphoma cells     

Fukuoka A  Nakayama H  Nakayama Y  Yasoshima A  Uetsuka K  Fujino Y  Tsujimoto H  Doi K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(6):713-715

A 12-year-old male Shiba dog showed anemia and the swelling of systemic lymph nodes. X-ray and post mortal examinations revealed a anterior mediastinal mass. Histologically, the tumor mass consisted of four different elements; cord-like proliferation of cuboidal epithelial cells, tubular or cystic structures lined with ciliated epithelial cells, proliferation of large round-shaped epithelial cells with PAS-slightly positive granular cytoplasm, and diffuse proliferation of neoplastic lymphocytes. Epithelial cells in cord-like or cystic structures were strongly positive for cytokeratin. Granular or foamy cells were negative for all markers examined and had myelin-like bodies in the cytoplasm by electron microscopy. The neoplastic lymphocytes in the tumor mass were considered being derived from concurrent multicentric lymphoma. Based on these findings, the present case was diagnosed as thymoma with a part of granular cell proliferation and concurrent lymphoma cells.  相似文献   

Differential expression of histochemical characteristics in the developing olfactory receptor cells in a flatfish, barfin flounder (Verasper moseri)     

Yamamoto Y  Mori M  Saito S  Amano M  Yamanome T  Taniguchi K  Oikawa T  Yamamori K  Taniguchi K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(12):1609-1611

Differentiation of the histochemical characteristics of the olfactory receptor cells (ORC) was examined by immunohistochemistry for protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) and calretinin (CR) and lectin histochemistry for Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin-L (PHA-L) in the developing olfactory epithelium (OE) of the barfin flounder. PGP 9.5 immunoreactivity was diffuse and CR immunoreactivity was restricted at day 7, but these immunoreactivities became intense in the OE toward day 91. Crypt cells were first identified at day 56. PHA-L staining was faint at day 28, but became intense toward day 91. These findings suggest that PGP 9.5-immunopositive cells, CR-immunopositive cells, crypt cells and PHA-L-reactive cells differentiate independently in the developing OE and constitute subsets of the ORC in the OE.  相似文献   

苜蓿沙土盆栽试验的水分生态适应性   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王龙昌  谢小玉  滨村邦夫 《草地学报》2007,15(3):227-231

在温室进行沙土盆栽试验,研究WL-323、Siriver和固原苜蓿在不同土壤水分条件下的耗水特征、生理指标、生物学性状、产草量和水分利用效率的变化。结果表明:苜蓿在生育期的耗水特征因水分条件和品种而异;水分胁迫值(PMS)与土壤含水量呈显著负相关;供试苜蓿叶绿素含量与土壤含水量相关不显著;株高、分枝数、分枝总长、叶片数、根数、主根长、根颈粗和干根重等性状均随着土壤水分的增加呈上升趋势,而根冠比则呈下降趋势;WL-323的根系发达、植株发育良好,产草量和水分利用效率高,对沙土的适应性最优;Siriver的干根重和根冠比高,抗旱性能较好,产草量和水分利用效率居中;固原苜蓿对沙土的生态适应性最差;研究结果对沙化土地区苜蓿品种的合理布局与水分调控具有科学指导价值。  相似文献   

Modulating sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway rescues photoreceptor degeneration     

Acharya U  Patel S  Koundakjian E  Nagashima K  Han X  Acharya JK 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,299(5613):1740-1743

Mutations in proteins of the Drosophila phototransduction cascade, a prototypic guanine nucleotide-binding protein-coupled receptor signaling system, lead to retinal degeneration and have been used as models to understand human degenerative disorders. Here, modulating the sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway rescued retinal degeneration in Drosophila mutants. Targeted expression of Drosophila neutral ceramidase rescued retinal degeneration in arrestin and phospholipase C mutants. Decreasing flux through the de novo sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway also suppressed degeneration in these mutants. Both genetic backgrounds modulated the endocytic machinery because they suppressed defects in a dynamin mutant. Suppression of degeneration in arrestin mutant flies expressing ceramidase correlated with a decrease in ceramide levels. Thus, enzymes of sphingolipid metabolism may be suitable targets in the therapeutic management of retinal degeneration.  相似文献   

Effectiveness of an elemental sulfur fertilizer in an oilseed‐cereal‐legume rotation on the Canadian prairies     

Guang Wen  Jeff J. Schoenau  S. Patrick Mooleki  Shinobu Inanaga  Tahei Yamamoto  Kunio Hamamura  Mitsuhiro Inoue  Ping An 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2003,166(1):54-60

Adequate sulfur (S) nutrition is critical for sustaining yields in crop rotation systems. Because of slow oxidation of elemental S (S°), research on S° fertilizers has emphasized improving the short‐term availability, while the long‐term effects of S° have been overlooked. The effectiveness of a dispersible granule S° fertilizer (SF: Sulfer95), consisting of S° particles smaller than any S° fertilizer reported in literature (< 44 μm in diameter), was compared to gypsum (CS: CaSO₄) and ammonium sulfate [AS: (NH₄)₂SO₄] in a three‐year experiment (1997—1999) on a moderately S deficient Black Chernozem soil (Typic Cryoboroll). The three S fertilizers were applied to canola (Brassica rapa L.) at 20, 40, and 80 kg S ha^‐1, supplemented with corresponding rates of nitrogen (N) fertilizer in the first year. The control treatment (CT) received N only. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and peas (Pisum sativum L.) were grown in the second and third years to test the availability of residual S. Although the yield of canola in SF fertilized treatments was only slightly higher than in CT, available S provided by SF produced a higher physiological S efficiency (PSE). Superior yields with residual SF were obtained in the second and third years by barley and peas at the rate of 80 kg S ha^‐1 applied in the first year, indicating that slow oxidation of SF was beneficial to the crops subsequently grown. Over three years, the total crop S uptake was 21, 4.0, and 15% higher with SF than with CT, CS, and AS, respectively.  相似文献