Tetraoxanes as a new class of efficient herbicides comparable with commercial products          下载免费PDF全文

Raphael C Cusati  Luiz CA Barbosa  Célia RA Maltha  Antônio J Demuner  Alberto Oliveros‐Bastidas  Antônio A Silva 《Pest management science》2015,71(7):1037-1048

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Impact of 24-h Cooling Prior to Freezing on the Survival of Domestic Cat (Felis catus) Epididymal Sperm     

JLA Martins  AISB Villaverde  AFM Lima  PVM Steagall  JCP Ferreira  CA Taconeli  MD Lopes 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(S2):366-368

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a 24-h cooling period prior to freezing on domestic cat epididymal sperm viability. Fifteen tomcats were submitted to routine orchiectomy and sperm samples were retrieved from both epididymides in a Tris–glucose–20% egg yolk extender. For each tomcat, the diluted sperm was split into two equal volumes and cooled to 5°C at a rate of 0.5°C/min; one sample for 60 min (control) and the other for 24 h (cooled). After the cooling period, samples from both groups were frozen using an identical freezing protocol. Sperm samples were evaluated in three different periods: immediately after harvesting, after cooling at 5°C for 24 h (cooled group) and after freezing–thawing of control and cooled groups. Evaluations consisted of sperm motility and progressive status, sperm morphology and plasma membrane integrity (PMI) using two fluorescent probes. After cooling for 24 h, a decrease (p < 0.05) in sperm motility, progressive status and PMI was observed when compared to sperm samples immediately after collection. Comparing the results obtained after thawing, no difference (p < 0.05) was found regarding sperm motility, progressive status, PMI and sperm morphology between control and cooled groups. The results from the present study show that cooling cat epididymal spermatozoa at 5°C for 24 h prior to freezing does not lead to major damage of spermatozoa impairing the freeze–thaw process.  相似文献   

Are ovine fenugreek (Trigonella foenum‐graecum) staggers and kangaroo gait of lactating ewes two clinically and pathologically similar nervous disorders?   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

CA Bourke 《Australian veterinary journal》2009,87(3):99-101

Fenugreek staggers has occurred in sheep in Victoria, as both an acute and a chronic syndrome. Signs included quadraparesis, a high stepping fore limb gait and a 'bunny-hopping' hind limb gait. Changes consistent with acute oedema were found in the brain and spinal cord of acute cases, and Wallerian degeneration in the peripheral nerves of chronic cases. Kangaroo gait occurred in ewes in New South Wales, and the clinical signs and microscopic changes were remarkably similar to those of fenugreek staggers. Although the diet associated with each is different the causal agent may be the same.  相似文献   

Post mortem parasitological evaluation of dogs seroreactive for Leishmania from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil     

de Fátima Madeira M  de O Schubach A  Schubach TM  Pereira SA  Figueiredo FB  Baptista C  Leal CA  Melo CX  Confort EM  Marzochi MC 《Veterinary parasitology》2006,138(3-4):366-370

A parasitological study was conducted on 66 dogs seroreactive for Leishmania captured as a control measure of visceral leishmaniasis in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Biological samples from different anatomical sites were collected during autopsy of the animals and cultured on biphasic medium (NNN/Schneider). The Leishmania isolates were characterized by isoenzyme electrophoresis. Leishmania was isolated from 80.3% of the animals: 12 animals with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis isolated exclusively from cutaneous lesions, 39 with L. (L.) chagasi isolated from different sites in the same animal, and 2 with simultaneous isolation of L. (V.) braziliensis from cutaneous lesions and L. (L.) chagasi from different sites. Isolation in culture revealed the absence of Leishmania parasites in 13 animals. The results obtained confirm the existence of mixed infections in dogs in Rio de Janeiro and indicate the need to complement the investigation of seroreactive dogs using methods for the parasitological diagnosis and identification of Leishmania species.  相似文献   

Ontogenetic movements of juvenile blacktip reef sharks: evidence of dispersal and connectivity between coastal habitats and coral reefs     

A Chin  MR Heupel  CA Simpfendorfer  AJ Tobin 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2013,23(3):468-474

Effect of light,temperature and diet on the fatty acid profile of the tropical sea anemone Aiptasia pallida     

M.C. Leal  C. Nunes  S. Kempf  A. Reis  T.L. da Silva  J. Serdio  D.F.R. Cleary  R. Calado 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2013,19(5):818-826

Sea anemones of the genus Aiptasia are used as biological models for research and as a prey for the culture of the highly priced ornamental nudibranch Aeolidiella stephanieae. Symbiotic Aiptasia display a remarkable trophic plasticity, being able to fulfil their energetic demands heterotrophically and autotrophically. Consequently, they display a highly variable fatty acid (FA) profile. The objective of the present study was to analyse how light regime (12 h light : 12 h dark versus 24 h darkness), water temperature (22 versus 26 °C) and diet (Artemia nauplii versus enriched Artemia metanauplii) affect the FA composition of A. pallida. The FA profile of wild specimens was also analysed. The dominant FAs of cultured A. pallida were 16:0, 18:1n‐9 and 22:6n‐3. Higher FA levels were recorded when anemones were exposed to light, with this factor explaining the largest amount of variation in the composition of FA profiles. Cultured A. pallida that best mimicked wild anemones were obtained when using a regular light regime, Artemia metanauplii and 22 °C water temperature. Higher FA levels were obtained at a higher temperature and by providing nauplii to cultured anemones. The present study also indicated that A. pallida has the potential to recycle nutrients in marine aquacultures.  相似文献   

Structural development of Pacific red snapper Lutjanus peru from hatching to the onset of first feeding          下载免费PDF全文

Iram Zavala‐Leal  Silvie Dumas  Edgar O. López‐Villegas  Renato Peña  Mauricio Contreras‐Olguín  Laura Flores‐Montijo  José De La Cruz‐Agüero 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(5):1162-1174

Successful rearing of larval fish requires culture conditions and feeding strategies matching the ontogenetic status of larvae. This study describes the external morphology and development of organs and structures involved in the feeding process (i.e. sensorial organs, mouthparts and digestive system) from hatching until first feeding in Pacific red snapper. Hatching occurred 26 h after fertilization at 26°C and total length (TL) was 2.45 ± 0.08 mm. The larvae showed an undifferentiated eye and digestive tract. At 48 hah, TL was 3.31 ± 0.12 mm. Yolk and oil globule were still present. The mouth was still closed, but the Meckel's, quadrate, hyoid and hyomandibular cartilages were present. The retina was formed by 5 layers, and a thin layer of pigment epithelium was observed in the outer nuclear layer (ONL). At 70 hah, TL was 3.44 ± 0.22 mm. A remnant of oil globule was still present. The mouth and anus were open. At 93 hah, the number of cones in the ONL of the retina have increased and there was more pigment in the pigment epithelial layer. A joint between Meckel's and the quadrate cartilage and also a joint between the hyomandibular cartilage and the skull were present. The presence of live feed was detected in the digestive tract of these larvae. Based on these observations, the Pacific red snapper larvae is functional to start ingesting live feed between the 3rd and 4th day after hatching.  相似文献   

Spatial genetic structure and dispersal of the cacao pathogen Moniliophthora perniciosa in the Brazilian Amazon          下载免费PDF全文

A. S. Artero  J. Q. Silva  P. S. B. Albuquerque  E. A. Bressan  G. A. Leal Jr  A. M. Sebbenn  G. W. Griffith  A. Figueira 《Plant pathology》2017,66(6):912-923

Moniliophthora perniciosa is the causal agent of witches’ broom in Theobroma cacao (cacao). Three biotypes of M. perniciosa are recognized, differing in host specificity, with two causing symptoms on cacao or Solanaceae species (C‐ and S‐biotypes), and the third found growing endophytically on lianas (L‐biotype). The objectives of this study were to clarify the genetic relationship between the three biotypes, and to identify those regions in the Brazilian Amazon with the greatest genetic diversity for the C‐biotype. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on the rRNA ITS regions showed that the C‐ and S‐biotypes formed a well‐supported clade separated from the L‐biotype. Analysis of 131 isolates genotyped at 11 microsatellite loci found that S‐ and especially L‐biotypes showed a higher genetic diversity. A significant spatial genetic structure was detected for the C‐biotype populations in Amazonia for up to 137 km, suggesting ‘isolation by distance’ mode of dispersal. However, in regions containing extensive cacao plantings, C‐biotype populations were essentially ‘clonal’, as evidenced by high frequency of repeated multilocus genotypes. Among the Amazonian C‐biotype populations, Acre and West Amazon displayed the largest genotypic diversity and might be part of the centre of diversity of the fungus. The pathogen dispersal may have followed the direction of river flow downstream from Acre, Rondônia and West Amazon eastward to the rest of the Amazon valley, where cacao is not endemic. The Bahia population exhibited the lowest genotypic diversity, but high allele richness, suggesting multiple invasions, with origin assigned to Rondônia and West Amazon, possibly through isolates from the Lower Amazon population.  相似文献   

Hyaluronidase administered with xylazine–tiletamine–zolazepam into adipose tissue shortens recovery from anesthesia in pigs     

Shayne P. Bisetto  Adriano B. Carregaro  André E.S. Nicolai  Thais F. Bressan  William P. Leal  Nathalia V. Xavier  Diego F. Leal  André F.C. Andrade 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(3):594-599

Objective

To evaluate the effect of hyaluronidase on uptake, duration and speed of elimination of xylazine–tiletamine–zolazepam administered in the subcutaneous fat over the dorsal lumbar region of swine.

Study design

Blinded, randomized, crossover study.

Animals

Six healthy Landrace/Large White pigs weighing 132 ± 24 kg (mean ± standard deviation).

Methods

Animals were administered xylazine (1 mg kg^?1) and tiletamine–zolazepam (8 mg kg^?1) (control treatment, CON), or xylazine–tiletamine–zolazepam at the same doses with hyaluronidase (400 IU) (treatment HYA). The treatments were administered into the dorsal lumbar adipose tissue, 2.5–3.0 cm laterally from the spinous process of the second lumbar vertebra. The latency, anesthesia and recovery periods were measured. Heart rate, noninvasive systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures, respiratory rate, hemoglobin oxygen saturation and rectal temperature were recorded every 10 minutes for up to 50 minutes.

Results

One animal in CON and one animal in HYA were responsive to stimulation and did not allow safe handling. No significant difference was found between treatments for latency (CON 11.3 ± 5.9 minutes, HYA 7.4 ± 5.1 minutes) and anesthesia (CON 53 ± 53 minutes, HYA 49 ± 38 minutes) periods. Recovery period was shorter in HYA (9 ± 6 minutes) than in CON (32 ± 16 minutes) (p < 0.05). Physiological variables were not significantly changed over time and were within accepted normal clinical limits for the species in both treatments.

Conclusion and clinical relevance

Hyaluronidase (400 IU) administered into adipose tissue in pigs did not reduce the latency and duration of dissociative anesthesia, but was associated with faster recovery.  相似文献   

Letter to the Editor          下载免费PDF全文

A. Willems DVM  DECVIM‐CA  D. Paepe DVM  DECVIM‐CA  S. Daminet DVM  DECVIM‐CA  DACVIM 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2017,31(5):1370-1370

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