Estimation of daily milk yield of Nellore cows grazing tropical pastures     

Daniel Mageste de Almeida  Marcos Inácio Marcondes  Luciana Navajas Rennó  Lívia Vieira de Barros  Carla Heloísa Avelino Cabral  Leandro Soares Martins  David Esteban Contreras Marquez  Felipe Vélez Saldarriaga  Faider Alberto Castaño Villadiego  Manuela Acevedo Cardozo  Roman Maza Ortega  Javier Enrique Garces Cardenas  Virginia Lucia Neves Brandão  Mário Fonseca Paulino 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(8):1771-1777

Beef cows’ milk yield is typically determined by measuring milk yield once daily and then doubling this value to estimate daily production. However, it is not known whether this is accurate. Thus, we aimed to determine the association between morning and afternoon milk yield in grazing Nellore cows. Eighty Nellore cows were used, with initial weight of 516.0?±?1.0 kg. The experiment was a completely randomized factorial scheme, with 20 replications and four treatments (i.e., +?or ??pre-partum supplementation in combination with +?or ??post-partum supplementation): PRMM—1 kg of supplement/cow/day for 90 days pre-partum; MMPS—1 kg of supplement/cow/day for 90 days post-partum; PRPS—1 kg of supplement/cow/day for 90 days pre-partum and 90 days post-partum; and MM—only mineral mix ad libitum during pre- and post-partum. Milk was sampled on days 45, 135, and 225 post-partum (early, middle, and late lactation, respectively). No effects were observed of pre- and post-partum supplementation on milk yield (P?>?0.05). The afternoon/morning proportion of 0.45 in the early third of lactation was higher than other stages, which had a proportion of 0.41 (P?<?0.05). Post-partum supplementation increased milk protein in the morning and afternoon milking (P?<?0.05). There was also no effect of pre- and post-partum supplementation on afternoon-morning proportion other milk components (P?>?0.05). We conclude that estimating daily milk production of grazing beef cattle by multiplying a once daily milking amount times two is not accurate. Under the conditions of this study, proportion of total daily production represented by the ratio of afternoon/morning milking was 0.45 in early lactation (first third) and 0.41 in mid- and late lactation.  相似文献   

Aspergillus spp. panophthalmitis with intralenticular invasion in dogs: report of two cases          下载免费PDF全文

Penelope J. Wooff  Darryl D. Dees  Leandro Teixeria 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2018,21(2):182-187

This case series describes the ocular, clinical and histologic manifestations of disseminated Aspergillosis in two dogs. Two dogs presented for severe unilateral panophthalmitis and secondary glaucoma with positive Aspergillus spp. titers. Case 1 showed no clinicopathologic systemic symptoms of fungal dissemination, however, case 2 was affected with acute renal failure. The affected eye of case 1 did not respond to medical therapy and was enucleated for comfort. The affected eye of case 2 responded to aggressive topical and systemic medical therapies, however, the patient was euthanized for acute renal failure. Globes were collected for histologic evaluation at the time of death. Histology of both revealed panophthalmitis with presence of significant intraocular hemorrhage, multifocal fungal granulomas, retinal and optic nerve changes consistent with secondary glaucoma, rupture of the anterior lens capsule, and fungal invasion and colonization of the intralenticular space. These cases represent a unique and devastating ocular manifestation of disseminated Aspergillosis. Cases presenting with uveitis and secondary glaucoma of unknown origin, especially with confirmed or suspected lens capsular rupture, should have serologic testing for this infectious agent.  相似文献   

Evaluation of cardiorespiratory and biochemical effects of ketamine‐propofol and guaifenesin‐ketamine‐xylazine anesthesia in donkeys (Equus asinus)     

Cássia M Molinaro Coelho  Juan C Duque Moreno  Daniel da S Goulart  Leandro B Caetano  Lorena K Soares  Gustavo H Coutinho  Geraldo ES Alves  Luiz Antonio F da Silva 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2014,41(6):602-612

ObjectivesTo evaluate the cardiorespiratory and biochemical effects of ketamine-propofol (KP) or guaifenesin-ketamine-xylazine (GKX) anesthesia in donkeys.Study designProspective crossover trial.AnimalsEight healthy, standard donkeys, aged 10 ± 5 years and weighing 153 ± 23 kg.MethodsDonkeys were premedicated with 1.0 mg kg^?1 of xylazine (IV) in both treatments. Eight donkeys were administered ketamine (1.5 mg kg^?1) and propofol (0.5 mg kg^?1) for induction, and anesthesia was maintained by constant rate infusion (CRI) of ketamine (0.05 mg kg^?1 minute^?1) and propofol (0.15 mg kg^?1 minute^?1) in the KP treatment. After 10 days, diazepam (0.05 mg kg^?1) and ketamine (2.2 mg kg^?1) were administered for induction, and anesthesia was maintained by a CRI (2.0 mL kg^?1 hour^?1) of ketamine (2.0 mg mL^?1), xylazine (0.5 mg mL^?1) and guaifenesin (50 mg mL^?1) solution. Quality of anesthesia was assessed along with cardiorespiratory and biochemical measurements.ResultsAnesthetic induction took longer in GKX than in KP. The induction was considered good in 7/8 with KP and in 6/8 in GKX. Anesthetic recovery was classified as good in 7/8 animals in both treatments. Xylazine administration decreased heart rate (HR) in both treatments, but in KP the HR increased and was higher than GKX throughout the anesthetic period. Respiratory rate was higher in GKX than in KP. PaO₂ decreased significantly in both groups during the anesthetic period. Glucose concentrations [GLU] increased and rectal temperature and PCV decreased in both treatments. Arterial lactate [LAC] increased at recovery compared with all time points in KP. [GLU] and calcium were higher in GKX than in KP at recovery.Conclusion and clinical relevanceThese protocols induced significant hypoxemia but no other cardiorespiratory or metabolic changes. These protocols could be used to maintain anesthesia in donkeys, however, they were not tested in animals undergoing surgery.  相似文献   

Links between riparian landcover,instream environment and fish assemblages in headwater streams of south‐eastern Brazil     

Bruna B. Cruz  Leandro E. Miranda  Mauricio Cetra 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2013,22(4):607-616

We hypothesised and tested a hierarchical organisation model where riparian landcover would influence bank composition and light availability, which in turn would influence instream environments and control fish assemblages. The study was conducted during the dry season in 11 headwater tributaries of the Sorocaba River in the upper Paraná River Basin, south‐eastern Brazil. We focused on seven environmental factors each represented by one or multiple environmental variables and seven fish functional traits each represented by two or more classes. Multivariate direct gradient analyses suggested that riparian zone landcover can be considered a higher level causal factor in a network of relations that control instream characteristics and fish assemblages. Our results provide a framework for a hierarchical conceptual model that identifies singular and collective influences of variables from different scales on each other and ultimately on different aspects related to stream fish functional composition. This conceptual model is focused on the relationships between riparian landcover and instream variables as causal factors on the organisation of stream fish assemblages. Our results can also be viewed as a model for headwater stream management in that landcover can be manipulated to influence factors such as bank composition, substrates and water quality, whereas fish assemblage composition can be used as indicators to monitor the success of such efforts.  相似文献   

A nationwide survey on seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection in beef cattle in Uruguay     

Bañales P  Fernandez L  Repiso MV  Gil A  Dargatz DA  Osawa T 《Veterinary parasitology》2006,139(1-3):15-20

Bovine abortions due to Neospora caninum infection have been reported worldwide and its economic impact on the beef industry has been acknowledged as a problem. Uruguay has the largest export value of beef per acre in South America. However, no data on the prevalence of N. caninum infection have been available in this country. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and distribution of N. caninum infection in beef cattle in Uruguay through a nationwide survey. A two stage sampling design was used with farms being selected in stage one and animals being selected in stage two. A brief questionnaire was administered on each farm. Seroprevalence of N. caninum in 4444 beef cattle from 229 farms in all the counties, except Montevideo, of Uruguay was determined by an ELISA. The data were then analyzed to identify associations between infection and variables such as type of animal (cow or heifer), herd size, use of veterinary advice, productivity of the soil in relation to the national average, use of improved grass, use of mineral salts, use of supplemental feed, and presence of a dog(s) on the farm. The estimated proportion of positive farms for all the beef cattle operations was 69.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 53.7-84.7). The overall cattle seroprevalence was estimated as 13.9% (95% CI, 11.6-16.3). The prevalence estimation by animal category was 14.3% (95% CI, 11.4-17.2) for beef cows and 12.9% (95% CI, 10.0-15.8) for beef heifers. There was no significant difference in the estimated prevalence between the two animal types. There was no significant difference in the animal level prevalence of N. caninum infection among different herd sizes. None of the herd demographic or management variables was significantly associated with the seropositivity to N. caninum infection. In conclusion, these results show that N. caninum infection is common among beef herds across Uruguay. Since the beef industry is one of the key industries in Uruguay, the economic effect and risk factors of N. caninum infection among beef cattle in this country should be further evaluated in the near future.  相似文献   

Radiographic Abnormalities in Barrel Racing Horses with Lameness Referable to the Metacarpophalangeal Joint     

Bruno Carvalho Menarim  Vânia Maria Vasconcelos Machado  Luís Emiliano Cisneros Alvarez  Rodrigo Carneiro  Leandro Busch  Luiz Carlos Vulcano 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2012

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Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Treatment of Induced Tendinopathy in Horses: Histologic Evaluation     

Leandro Maia MV  MS  Maria Vernica de Souza MV  MS  DS  Pharmacist-Biochemical  Jos Ivo Ribeiro Júnior BS  MS  DS  Acio Carlos de Oliveira  Geraldo Eleno Silveira Alves MV  MS  DS  Larcio dos Anjos Benjamin MV  MS  DS  Yamê Fabres Robaina Sancler Silva  Bruna Mota Zandim MV  Jos do Carmo Lopes Moreira MD  MS 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2009,29(8):618-626

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the treatment of tendinopathy induced in the superficial digital flexor tendon (TFDS) of horses, by using histologic evaluation. Six healthy crossbred geldings aged 8 to 15 years (12 ± 3) were used. The TFDS tendinopathy was provoked in both forelimbs, by intratendinous administration of 2.5 mg collagenase (2.5 mg/mL), and this procedure was considered as the beginning of the experimental phase. At 12 days after induction of the tendinopathy, the animals were subjected to the following treatments: (1) in the lesion caused in the right superficial digital flexor tendon (PRP-treated group), 2.5 mL PRP activated with calcium chloride at 0.0125 mol/L at concentrations from 320,000 to 500,000 platelets/μL, were injected; (2) in the tendinopathy of the left SDFT (control group), 2.5 mL 0.9% saline solution was administrated. Thirty-six days after the treatments, a biopsy of the injured area was performed for histologic evaluation. In both groups, the histologic analysis showed an increase in the fibroblastic density, as well as the presence of neovascularization, lymphocytes, and plasmocytes infiltrate and tissue organization at variable intensity. In the PRP-treated group, the SDFT was more organized, with the collagen fibers and fibroblasts being better arranged on the tendon matrix. The numbers of the fibroblasts and blood vessels did not differ between the groups. Histologic evaluation 36 days after tendinopathy showed that injuries under a single PRP treatment present a more uniform and organized tissue repair when compared with the control group.  相似文献   

Temporal dynamics of root and foliar severity of soybean sudden death syndrome at different inoculum densities     

Carlos Gongora-Canul  Forrest W. NutterJr  Leonor Frazao S. Leandro 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2012,132(1):71-79

Temporal dynamics of soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS) root and foliar disease severity were studied in growth chamber experiments on susceptible plants exposed to different inoculum densities (0, 10⁰, 10¹, 10², and 10³ conidia g⁻¹ soil) of Fusarium virguliforme. The monomolecular model provided the best fit to describe the progress of root and foliar disease severity over time. Disease severity and area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) both increased in response to increasing inoculum density (P < 0.01), particularly for foliar symptoms. Rate of disease progress increased as inoculum densities increased for both root and foliar disease severities. The incubation period for root and foliar disease severity ranged from 9 to 18 and 15 to 25 days, respectively. Significant differences in root rot severity were most easily detected during the early stages of infection, whereas root rot and foliar severities were only weakly correlated when both were assessed simultaneously at later stages of disease development. Root rot severity assessments performed 15 to 20 days after inoculation (DAI) were most highly correlated (r > 0.9, P < 0.01) with foliar disease severity assessments performed 30 to 50 DAI. Root biomass was reduced by up to 67% at the three highest inoculum densities, indicating the aggressiveness that F. virguliforme possesses as a root rot pathogen on soybeans.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Soy Protein Concentrate and Meat and Bone Meal as a Replacement for Fish Meal in the Diet of Nile Tilapia Fingerlings          下载免费PDF全文

Manoel Joaquim Peres Ribeiro  Rose M. Vidotti  Leandro A. Ferreira  Giovani Sampaio Gonçalves 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2016,47(3):369-375

This experiment evaluated soy protein concentrate (SPC) and meat and bone meal as a replacement for fish meal protein (FP) in the diet of Nile tilapia fingerlings. Five diets were evaluated including a control diet (50.0% crude protein [CP], of which half the protein came from fish meal [FM]), and four diets in which FM was replaced by increasing amounts of SPC (25.5, 50.0, 75.5, and 100.0%) in combination with meat and bone meal. At the conclusion of a 60‐d growth trial, the following parameters were determined: final weight (FW), final length (FL), weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI), apparent feed conversion (AFC), survival (SUR), and production cost. The estimate of the best replacement value was determined by polynomial regression and the linear response plateau. The results showed significant (P < 0.05) improvement for WG and AFC ratio as FM was gradually replaced by SPC. The parameters FL and FI reached their optimum value at a replacement level of 100% SPC. These results show that it is feasible to use a combination of SPC and meat and bone meal in a balanced feed formulation as an alternative protein source in the diets of Nile tilapia fingerlings.  相似文献   

Chemical and environmental factors driving germination of Solanum americanum seeds     

Csar Tiago Forte  Ubirajara Russi Nunes  Alberto Cargnelutti Filho  Leandro Galon  Leonardo Chechi  Rodrigo Roso  Andr Dalponte Menegat  Emanuel De Oliveira Rossetto  Milena Barretta Franceschetti 《Weed Biology and Management》2019,19(4):113-120

Solanum americanum Mill. is a weed that occurs with a number of crops, and it is known for its high seed production and its staggered germination. The objective of this work was to evaluate the germination behavior of S. americanum seeds under the influence of chemical and environmental factors. In the laboratory, we tested the effect on germination of (i) constant and alternating temperatures, (ii) seed washing, (iii) exposure time and concentration of chemical treatments and (iv) seeding depth and soil covered with plant residue on seedling emergence. The variables analyzed were germination percentage, germination rate index, seedling emergence and length of the seedlings. The results indicated that alternating temperatures are the main way to promote germination of S. americanum; however, chemical treatments can help to increase the germination percentage and rate index. There was no increase in germination with seed washing, with the exception of KNO₃ application. A GA₃ concentration of 0.84 g L^?1 and an exposure time of 21.22 h in 0.2% of KNO₃ promoted the highest germination of S. americanum. Germination occurs when seeds remain on the soil surface and are not covered by crop residue.  相似文献