动物防疫领域政府购买公共服务相关术语混合使用情况辨析     

王兴群  王璐  王涵钰  徐婷婷  倪兴维  周标  李星星  伍波涛  毛以智 《中国动物检疫》2023,40(5):42-46

自1994年深圳市罗湖区在环境卫生领域率先引入政府购买公共服务以来,我国政府购买公共服务经历局部性试点与探索、试点推进、制度化推广、全面推开与创新等4个阶段。2005年以来,我国对动物防疫领域政府购买公共服务进行了探索,但有关术语及其涵义一直未界定,更未形成共识,导致术语混用较为严重。术语混用体现了人们认知不同,看法不一,给动物防疫领域政府购买公共服务理论研究和实践探索造成了混乱。鉴于此,本文尝试梳理术语混用的背景、混用情况并予以辨析,以探讨动物防疫领域政府购买公共服务相关术语的正确使用。  相似文献   

引起犊牛腹泻的病原及其检测方法     

赵丽媛  邹明  原磊  张瑞雪  刘刚 《中国动物检疫》2023,40(5):73-81

犊牛腹泻是牛养殖业中常见的一种世界性疾病,对牛养殖业危害较大。多种因素可导致犊牛腹泻,其中由细菌、病毒、寄生虫导致的腹泻具有较强传染性。犊牛传染性腹泻发病迅速,极易引起死亡,因此快速诊断对于及早确认病因,及时进行针对性治疗,降低死亡率至关重要。为全面了解及准确鉴定引起犊牛腹泻的病原,概述了引发犊牛腹泻的病原种类、病原特征、致病机理、引发症状及其检测方法,以期为临床防治犊牛传染性腹泻提供参考。  相似文献   

Effects of Bacillus amylolyticus on Rumen Dry Matter Digestibility,Fermentation Parameters and Metabolites of Dairy Cows北大核心CSCD     

李玉琴黄新高鹏翔赵小博王慧蒋林树 《动物营养学报》2023,(1):311-322

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of Bacillus amylolyticus on rumen dry matter digestibility, fermentation parameters and metabolites of dairy cows. Experiment 1: six dairy cows with permanent fistula and had the similar parity (2 to 3 fetuses), body weight [(662 ±57) kg], lactation days [(160 ± 22) d] and milk yield [(36.1 ±3.8) kg / d], were randomly divided into 3 groups with 2 cows per group. Using 3 ×3 Latin square design, each group was extra fed 0 (control group), 5 ×109 and 5 ×1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus, the trial period was 3 periods, 13 days for each period, including 10 days for the pre-trial period and 3 days for the trial period. At the beginning of the trial period, the rumen dry matter digestibility of cows was measured by nylon bag method. Experiment 2: thirty dairy cows with similar parity [(2.5 ±0.3) fetuses], initial body weight [(559.2 ± 7. 4) kg], milk yield [(35. 2 ± 1. 5) kg / d] and lactation days [(99 ± 22) d] were randomly divided into three groups with 10 cows in each group. Cows in the 3 groups were extra fed with 0 (control group), 5 ×109 and 5 ×1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus, respectively. The pre-trial period was 10 days and the trial period was 42 days. The rumen fluid was collected on the last day of the trial period, and the rumen fermentation parameters and metabolites were determined. The results showed as follows: compared with the control group, 1) supplementary feeding of 5 × 1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly improve the rumen dry matter digestibility of dairy cows at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h (P <0.05), supplementary feeding of 5 ×109 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly improve the rumen dry matter digestibility of dairy cows at 36 and 48 h (P <0.05); 2) supplementary feeding of 5 ×109 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly increase the contents of isobutyric acid, butyric acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid, total volatile fatty acid and microbial protein in the rumen of dairy cows (P < 0. 05), supplementary feeding of 5 × 1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly increase the contents of isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid in the rumen of dairy cows and significantly reduce the rumen acetic acid / propionic acid (P < 0. 05), supplementary feeding of 5 ×109 and 5 ×1010 Bacillus amylolyticus had no effects on rumen pH and ammonia nitrogen content (P >0.05); 3) eleven metabolic pathways related to differential metabolites were detected, and ascorbic acid and alginate metabolism were significantly enriched (P < 0. 05) . In conclusion, Bacillus amylolyticus can increase the rumen dry matter digestibility, and improve the rumen fermentation function of dairy cows by affecting the content of rumen metabolites. By comprehensive analysis, supplementary feeding of 5 × 109 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus can achieve better effect. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.  相似文献   

Effects of Compound Plant Nutrients on Rumen Fermentation Parameters,Rumen Microbiota and Fatty Acid Composition of Longissimus dorsi Muscle in Finishing Small Tail Han Sheep北大核心CSCD     

王园  王文文  杨毅  高畅  郭焘  段婷  刘娜  安晓萍  齐景伟 《动物营养学报》2023,(1):380-390

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of compound p1ant nutrients (CPN) on rumen fermentation parameters, rumen microbiota and fatty acid composition of longissimus dorsi musc1e in finishing sma11 tai1 Han sheep. Sixteen 4-month-o1d finishing sma11 tai1 Han sheep with an initia1 body weight (BW) of (24.18±0.31) kg were random1y divided into two groups, name1y, with 8 rep1icates per group and 1 sheep per rep1icate. The sheep in the contro1 group were fed a basa1 diet, whereas the sheep of the contro1 group (CPN group) was fed the basa1 diet supp1ementation with 3‰ CPN. The experiment 1asted for 97 days after 7 days adaption. The resu1ts showed as fo11ows: compared with the contro1 group, 1) adding CPN decreased the concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) (P<0.05); 2) CPN supp1ementation affected beta diversity of rumen microbiota; 3) the re1ative abundance of Acidobacteriota, Erysipe1otrichaceae_UCG-002, Lactobacillus, and Megasphaera were enhanced by adding CPN (P<0.05), whereas, the re1ative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Prevotella was 1ower (P<0.05); 4) the supp1ementation of CPN had no significant effect on fatty acid composition of longissimus dorsi musc1e of fattening sma11-tai1ed Han sheep (P>0.05); 5) the contents of tota1 MUFA, C18:1n9c, C14:1, C16:1, C18:2n6c, C18:3n3 and n-3PUFA in the longissimus dorsi musc1e were corre1ated with the re1ative abundance of Megasphaera, Erysipe1otrichaceae_UCG-002, Succiniclasticum and Ruminococcus (P<0.05). In conc1usion, CPN can regu1ate the rumen microbiota structure and reduce the rumen NH3-N concentration of fattening sma11-tai1ed Han sheep. In production practice, CPN can be used as a rumen eco1ogica1 regu1ator. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.  相似文献   

空肠弯曲杆菌SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立     

张风荣  冯之航  王艳  陈翔  王辰  杨新奥  杨金保 《中国动物检疫》2023,40(3):85-89

空肠弯曲杆菌（Campylobacter jejuni）是一种人兽共患病病原菌,给养殖业带来了较大经济损失。为实现对空肠弯曲杆菌的快速检测,针对其MapA基因序列设计特异性引物,优化反应条件和反应体系,建立了空肠弯曲杆菌SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量PCR检测方法,并对该方法的特异性、敏感性、重复性进行了评估。结果显示：建立的SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量PCR检测方法具有良好的特异性,仅能特异性扩增出空肠弯曲杆菌,对胎儿空肠杆菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌无交叉反应;敏感性较强,最低检测限为6.42 copies/μL;以5个稀释度的重组质粒为模板分别进行组内和组间重复性试验,发现组内和组间Ct值变异系数（CV）均小于2.50%,说明该方法具有良好的可重复性。结果表明,本研究建立的SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量PCR具有良好的特异性、敏感性及重复性,可用于空肠弯曲杆菌的快速诊断和流行病学调查。  相似文献   

2019—2021年我国部分地区PRRSV ORF5基因遗传变异分析     

何晓明  王东东  田小艳  刘桂武  李春梅  欧阳海平  叶敏慧 《中国动物检疫》2023,40(2):9-16

为了解2019—2022年我国南方地区猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征病毒（PRRSV）ORF5基因遗传变异情况,自广东、广西、湖南、江西4个省份的种猪场和育肥场,采集疑似PRRSV感染样品进行RT-PCR检测,并对部分阳性样品进行病毒分离培养和ORF5基因测序。结果显示：PRRSV总检出率为26.12%,其中育肥场场检出率（86.36%）高于种猪场（52.00%）;共成功分离到97株病毒并对其进行了ORF5测序分析,发现Sublineage 1.8占比最高（51.55%）,其次为Lineage 5(15.46%),Sublineage 1.5、Lineage 8、Lineage 3占比依次为13.40%、10.31%和9.28%;类NADC34毒株在2021年有3个省份（广东、广西和湖南）被首次检出,且当年检出率达13.40%。GP5蛋白分析结果显示,分离株中第13和151位氨基酸以及中和表位变异较多。对其中1株毒株进行重组分析发现,该毒株以类NADC30毒株为主要亲本,其多处基因组与JXA1和IA2014毒株发生了重组。结果表明：我国南方地区PRRSV流行较为普遍,尤其是在育肥猪群中;流行毒...  相似文献   

反转录-重组酶介导等温扩增（RT-RAA）快速检测基因2型猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒     

陈耀  仲欣雨  吴陈雨  丁雪  黄璟  王欢莉  范忠军  孙静  陈星逸  余树培  夏文龙 《中国动物检疫》2023,40(1):121-127

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基于风险分析的养殖场生物安全体系构建     

闫轶洁  宋维平  王长江 《中国动物检疫》2023,40(3):25-29

本文介绍了WOAH《陆生动物卫生法典》中风险分析的内容和要求,并结合我国《无规定动物疫病小区管理技术规范》中生物安全的相关规定和作者在养殖场生物安全体系构建中的实践经验,总结了我国养殖场生物安全体系目前存在的主要问题,提出了以风险分析为基础的养殖场生物安全体系构建的具体做法及生物安全体系的主要内容,对指导养殖场建立科学、系统的生物安全体系,提升生物安全水平,科学防控重大动物疫病具有借鉴意义。  相似文献   

宁夏雨养区饲用小黑麦种质适应性评价     

李昱山  王腾飞  沈笑天  王斌  李满有  倪旺  兰剑 《草原与草坪》2023,(1):65-72

【目的】筛选适宜在宁夏雨养区推广种植的饲用型小黑麦(×Triticosecale)品种(系)。【方法】采用单因素随机区组设计,测定6个小黑麦品种(系)的农艺性状、干草产量和营养品质等指标,并利用主成分分析方法(PCA)对其进行综合评价。【结果】6个小黑麦品种(系)越冬率均在85%以上,其中冀饲草1号越冬率最强,达89.80%;生育期天数基本一致,均为246～248 d;各品种(系)小黑麦农艺性状和营养指标间差异显著(P<0.05),其中冀饲草1号干草产量和粗蛋白含量最高,分别达8978.23 kg/hm²和9.53%,显著高于其他品种(P<0.05);石大1号相对饲喂价值最高,为95.26,冀饲草1号种子产量最高(5 894.44 kg/hm²);经PCA综合分析得出,小黑麦评价由高到低顺序为石大1号、冀饲草1号、鉴46、晋饲草1号、鉴47、鉴18。【结论】可选择石大1号、冀饲草1号、鉴46在宁夏雨养区种植推广。  相似文献   

盐胁迫对5份无芒雀麦苗期生长和生理生化的影响及综合性评价     

李瑞强  王玉祥  孙玉兰  张磊  陈爱萍 《草业学报》2023,32(1):99-111

为了明确不同无芒雀麦苗期耐盐能力的强弱,本研究选择5份不同株型的无芒雀麦作为供试材料。根据新疆土壤盐碱成分设置中性盐(M盐)：NaCl∶Na₂SO₄∶Na₂CO₃=1∶4∶0和碱性盐(A盐)：NaCl∶Na₂SO₄∶Na₂CO₃=1∶1∶8两种处理,于三叶期每盆一次性浇灌2 L电导率(EC)为20 ms·cm^-1的盐处理液,CK浇灌等量自来水。处理30 d后测定生长指标、叶绿素荧光特性参数、丙二醛(MDA)和渗透调节物质含量,并通过相关性分析、主成分分析、隶属函数分析对13个指标进行分析评价。结果表明：除F_v/F_m和F_v/F_o外,盐胁迫显著影响其余11个指标,且5份材料间差异显著(P<0.05);5份无芒雀麦的株高、茎粗、分蘖数、地上生物量、根冠比、MDA和脯氨酸含量在不同盐胁迫下表现出不同的适应变...  相似文献