Using selective herbicides to manage beneficial and rare weed species in winter wheat     

Ulber  Lena  Steinmann  Horst-Henning  Klimek  Sebastian 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2010,117(5):233-239

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Weed species within arable farming systems act as a source of food and provide habitat for various taxa at higher trophic levels. Using field experiments...  相似文献   

A 25?years experience of group-housed sows–reproduction in animal welfare-friendly systems     

Stig Einarsson  Ylva Sjunnesson  Fredrik Hultén  Lena Eliasson-Selling  Anne-Marie Dalin  Nils Lundeheim  Ulf Magnusson 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2014,56(1):37

Since January 1 2013, group housing of sows has been compulsory within the European Union (EU) in all pig holdings with more than ten sows. Sows and gilts need to be kept in groups from 4 weeks after service to 1 week before the expected time of farrowing (Article 3(4) of Directive 2008/120/EC on the protection of pigs). The legislation regarding group housing was adopted already in 2001 and a long transitional period was allowed to give member states and producers enough time for adaptation. Even so, group housing of sows still seems to be uncommon in the EU, and is also uncommon in commercial pig farming systems in the rest of the world. In this review we share our experience of the Swedish 25 years of animal welfare legislation stipulating that sows must be loose-housed which de facto means group housed. The two most important concerns related to reproductive function among group-housed sows are the occurrence of lactational oestrus when sows are group-housed during lactation, and the stress that is associated with group housing during mating and gestation. Field and clinical observations in non-lactating, group-housed sows in Sweden suggest that by making basic facts known about the pig reproductive physiology related to mating, we might achieve application of efficient batch-wise breeding without pharmacological interventions. Group housing of lactating sows has some production disadvantages and somewhat lower productivity would likely have to be expected. Recordings of behavioural indicators in different housing systems suggest a lower welfare level in stalled animals compared with group-housed ones. However, there are no consistent effects on the reproductive performance associated with different housing systems. Experimental studies suggest that the most sensitive period, regarding disturbance of reproductive functions by external stressors, is the time around oestrus. We conclude that by keeping sows according to the pig welfare-friendly Directive 2008/120/EC, it is possible to combine group-housing of sows with good reproductive performance and productivity. However, substantially increased research and development is needed to optimize these systems.  相似文献   

Acute exercise does not induce an acute phase response (APR) in Standardbred trotters     

Lena Kristensen  Rikke Buhl  Katarina Nostell  Lars Bak  Ellen Petersen  Maria Lindholm  Stine Jacobsen 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2014,78(2):97-102

The purpose of the study was to investigate whether acute strenuous exercise (1600- to 2500-m race) would elicit an acute phase response (APR) in Standardbred trotters. Blood levels of several inflammatory markers [serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin, fibrinogen, white blood cell count (WBC), and iron], muscle enzymes [creatinine kinase (CK) and aspartate transaminase (AST)], and hemoglobin were assessed in 58 Standardbred trotters before and after racing. Hemoglobin levels increased and iron levels decreased 12 to 14 h after racing and haptoglobin concentrations, white blood cell counts, and iron levels were decreased 2 and/or 7 d after racing. Concentrations of CK, AST, SAA, and fibrinogen were unaltered in response to racing.Acute strenuous exercise did not elicit an acute phase reaction. The observed acute increase in hemoglobin levels and decreases in haptoglobin and iron levels may have been caused by exercise-induced hemolysis, which indicates that horses might experience a condition similar to athlete’s anemia in humans. The pathogenesis and clinical implications of the hematological and blood-biochemical changes elicited by acute exercise in Standardbred trotters in the present study warrant further investigation.  相似文献   

Postreplicative formation of cohesion is required for repair and induced by a single DNA break     

Ström L  Karlsson C  Lindroos HB  Wedahl S  Katou Y  Shirahige K  Sjögren C 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5835):242-245

Sister-chromatid cohesion, established during replication by the protein complex cohesin, is essential for both chromosome segregation and double-strand break (DSB) repair. Normally, cohesion formation is strictly limited to the S phase of the cell cycle, but DSBs can trigger cohesion also after DNA replication has been completed. The function of this damage-induced cohesion remains unknown. In this investigation, we show that damage-induced cohesion is essential for repair in postreplicative cells in yeast. Furthermore, it is established genome-wide after induction of a single DSB, and it is controlled by the DNA damage response and cohesin-regulating factors. We thus define a cohesion establishment pathway that is independent of DNA duplication and acts together with cohesion formed during replication in sister chromatid-based DSB repair.  相似文献   

Size-driven structural and thermodynamic complexity in iron oxides   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Navrotsky A  Mazeina L  Majzlan J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,319(5870):1635-1638

Iron oxides occur ubiquitously in environmental, geological, planetary, and technological settings. They exist in a rich variety of structures and hydration states. They are commonly fine-grained (nanophase) and poorly crystalline. This review summarizes recently measured thermodynamic data on their formation and surface energies. These data are essential for calculating the thermodynamic stability fields of the various iron oxide and oxyhydroxide phases and understanding their occurrence in natural and anthropogenic environments. The competition between surface enthalpy and the energetics of phase transformation leads to the general conclusion that polymorphs metastable as micrometer-sized or larger crystals can often be thermodynamically stabilized at the nanoscale. Such size-driven crossovers in stability help to explain patterns of occurrence of different iron oxides in nature.  相似文献   

Teaching small animal reproduction via virtual patients     

Lena Vogt  Veronica Duckwitz  Sebastian P. Arlt  Peggy Haimerl  Alexander Bartel  Claudia Hautzinger  Stephan Birk  Sebastian Haase  Mechthild Ladwig-Wiegard  Marcus G. Doherr 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(Z2):81-89

Virtual patients have become an interesting alternative in medical education. Due to increasing demands regarding theoretical and clinical teaching and to improve an interdisciplinary approach, a new blended learning concept including virtual patients was developed and implemented in the veterinary curriculum of the Freie Universität Berlin. In the presented project, three virtual patients from the field of canine reproduction were developed. They focus on pregnancy diagnosis with suspected luteal insufficiency, pyometra and benign prostatic hyperplasia, respectively. The results of an evaluation by veterinary students of the 7th semester showed a high acceptance of virtual patients in a blended learning reproduction module in the interdisciplinary lectures. Students especially preferred videos, such as video lectures, hands-on videos and animations as well as a glossary for background information, to successfully and autonomously work on a virtual case. The content covered by the new modules that were developed in the context of this project is part of a spiral curriculum; they will be revised and enhanced during the clinical year.  相似文献   

High‐field (3 Tesla) MRI of the navicular apparatus of sound horses shows good agreement to histopathology     

Lena K. Kottmeier  Frauke Seehusen  Martin Helweg  Karl Rohn  Peter Stadler  Maren Hellige 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2020,61(1):48-57

Magnetic resonance imaging and the correlation to histopathological findings of the equine palmar foot of lame horses have been described previously, using 0.27 and 1.5 T systems. Compared to these, 3 T systems provide superior spatial resolution and imaging contrast. The aim of our prospective anatomic study was to characterize the imaging anatomy of the navicular region on 3 T MRI in comparison to histopathological findings. We hypothesized that 3 T MRI allows a good visualization of the entire navicular apparatus and reliable measurements of navicular cartilage and cortical bone thickness. Twenty front feet of sound horses were examined using a 3 T MRI system. For histopathological examination, sagittal tissue sections of the navicular bones and adjacent ligaments were prepared. Alterations in magnetic resonance signal were graded for each region and compared to corresponding histological slices. Overall, there was good visualization of the anatomical detail and a very good agreement between MRI and histology for compact bone and spongiosa, good agreement for the fibrocartilage and the distal sesamoidean impar ligament, but only moderate agreement for the hyaline cartilage and the collateral sesamoidean ligament. A comparative measurement of cartilage and cortical bone thickness on magnetic resonance images and histological sections was performed. In MRI, the hyaline cartilage of the articular surface appeared significantly thinner and the fibrocartilage of the flexor surface appeared significantly thicker compared to histology. Findings indicated that MRI at a field strength of 3 T allows reliable depiction of anatomic details of the navicular apparatus.  相似文献   

Qualitative variation of anti-diabetic compounds in different tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) cytotypes     

Eisenman SW  Poulev A  Struwe L  Raskin I  Ribnicky DM 《Fitoterapia》2011,82(7):1062-1074

Ethanolic extracts of diploid Artemisia dracunculus L. (wild tarragon) from populations in the U.S., and polyploid tarragon from a variety of sources, were screened for the anti-diabetic compounds davidigenin; sakuranetin; 2’,4’-dihydroxy-4-methoxydihydrochalcone; 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid; 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid and 6-demethoxycapillarisin using LC-MS. Only decaploid plants contained all six target compounds and were the only plants that contained davidigenin and 2,4-dihydroxy-4-methoxydihydrochalcone. These results exhibit the importance of germplasm selection and provenance when studying plants for medicinal activity. Relying only on the “right species” for consistent medicinal activities may not be sufficient, as intraspecific variation may be highly significant.  相似文献   

Relation of Relative Colloid Stability Ratio and Colloid Release in Two Lead-Contaminated Soils     

Lena Q. Ma  Yan Dong  Qixing Zhou 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2005,160(1-4):343-355

Potential release of soil colloids into groundwater has attracted considerable attention because of their association with heavy metals. Much effort has been focused on using colloid-deposition-based parameters (batch experiment) to predict colloid release in soils (column experiment), though they are two separate processes. In this paper, relative colloid stability ratio was estimated and used to relate to colloid release in soils. Changes in colloid release with incubation times were measured in two lead-contaminated soils. Colloid stability ratio (W) is defined as the ratio of the colloid flocculation rate of a suspension under normal observation conditions (slow flocculation) to the rate under rapid flocculation conditions. Assuming that colloid flocculation rate is related to changes in light absorbency of a solution, relative colloid stability ratio (RW) was estimated by dividing the rate of absorbency change of soil suspension observed in 0.06 M NaCl (slow flocculation) by that in 0.01 M CaCl₂ (rapid flocculation) electrolyte solutions. Both colloid release and R W changed randomly with incubation times in both soils. However, colloid release generally increased as RW increased with correlation coefficients of 0.67–0.89. This result suggests that the overall colloid release from these soils was related to RW, even though they are different conceptually. However, research is needed to further develop the concept of using relative colloid stability ratio to predict colloid release in soils.  相似文献   

Folate content in strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa): effects of cultivar,ripeness, year of harvest,storage, and commercial processing     

Strålsjö LM  Witthöft CM  Sjöholm IM  Jägerstad MI 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(1):128-133

Folate concentrations in strawberries and folate retention during storage and commercial processing of strawberries were investigated. No previous study has focused on the effects of cultivar, ripeness, and year of harvest of strawberries with respect to the folate content. This study showed the folate concentration in strawberries to significantly depend on all of these different factors. Total folate was quantified using a modified and validated radioprotein-binding assay with external calibration (5-CH(3)-H(4)folate). Folate content in 13 different strawberry cultivars varied from 335 microg/100 g of dry matter (DM) for cv. Senga Sengana to 644 microg/100 g of DM for cv. Elsanta. Swedish harvests from 1999 and 2001 yielded higher folate concentrations than did the harvest from 2000, and the grade of ripeness affected the folate content in strawberries. This study indicated high folate retention in intact berries during storage until 3 or 9 days at 4 degrees C (71-99%) and also in most tested commercial products (79-103%). On the basis of these data fresh strawberries as well as processed strawberry products are recommended to be good folate sources. For instance, 250 g (fresh weight) of strawberries ( approximately 125 microg of folate) supplies approximately 50% of the recommended daily folate intake in various European countries (200-300 microg/day) or 30% of the U.S. recommendation (400 microg/day).  相似文献