Copper Biosorption by Biomass of Marine Alga: Study of Equilibrium and Kinetics in Batch System and Adsorption/Desorption Cycles in Fixed Bed Column     

Márcia Regina Fagundes-Klen  Márcia Teresinha Veit  Carlos Eduardo Borba  Rosangela Bergamasco  Luiz Gustavo de Lima Vaz  Edson Antonio da Silva 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2010,213(1-4):15-26

Copper biosorption onto chemically modified biomass of marine alga Sargassum filipendula was investigated in a batch reactor and a fixed bed column. Experiments were carried out in the batch reactor to obtain kinetic and equilibrium data and to assess the copper desorption efficiency of different eluent solutions. The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and Langmuir kinetic models were used to correlate kinetic data. The experimental data fitted well to the pseudo first order and Langmuir kinetic models. Langmuir and Freundlich models were applied to describe the equilibrium data obtained at a fixed temperature of 30°C and at pH values of 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, and 6.0. The maximum capacities of copper biosorption onto the algal biomass were 1.43, 1.59, 2.40, and 2.36 mequiv./g at pH 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, and 6.0, respectively. The efficiencies of two eluent solutions (calcium chloride and hydrochloric acid) for copper removal from the biomass were evaluated at different concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 mol/L). The efficiencies of the calcium chloride solutions varied from 1% to 14%, while efficiencies varying from 95% to 99% were obtained when hydrochloric acid solutions were applied. Three adsorption/desorption cycles were carried out in a fixed bed column using 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid as eluent solution. The results showed that an increase in the number of cycles led to a reduction in the adsorption capacity of the alga. The desorbed copper fraction presented no significant variation, remaining around 63% in the three adsorption/desorption cycles.  相似文献   

Nutrient Digestibility of Cereal Grain Products and By‐products in Extruded Diets for Nile Tilapia     

Igo G. Guimarães  Luiz E. Pezzato  Margarida M. Barros  Leonardo Tachibana 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2008,39(6):781-789

Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) provide estimates of nutrient availability in feedstuffs and can be used as a tool for selecting ingredients to compound cost‐effective diets for fish. Extrusion process is one factor that could influence ADC values. Thus, a digestibility trial was undertaken to evaluate ADC of protein, energy, and dry matter, and apparent amino acid availability (AAAA) in five cereal grain products/by‐products (corn, wheat middlings, broken rice, rice bran, and sorghum) in compounded diets for Nile tilapia. Chromic oxide was used as an external inert marker. The digestibility values of energy and dry matter in ingredients, in decreasing order, were highest for broken rice (95.34 and 96.45%), sorghum (82.37 and 87.29%), corn (67.34 and 82.21%), rice bran (57.58 and 55.59%), and wheat middlings (48.94 and 45.88%). Protein digestibility value was higher for corn (72.86%) and the lowest value was observed for sorghum (56.77%), while broken rice, wheat middlings, and rice bran presented values ranging from 63.01 to 66.88%. AAAA values were higher for corn (70.05%) and the lowest methionine and cystine availability values were recorded for wheat middlings and broken rice, respectively. Broken rice appears as one of the most indicated ingredient for using in Nile tilapia diets because of its highest values of nutrient digestibility when compared to the other energetic sources. The use of this information should aid more precise and economic diet formulation for Nile tilapia.  相似文献   

Effects of short-term light to heavy exercise on gastric ulcer development in horses and efficacy of omeprazole paste in preventing gastric ulceration     

White G  McClure SR  Sifferman R  Holste JE  Fleishman C  Murray MJ  Cramer LG 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2007,230(11):1680-1682

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of 8 days of light to heavy exercise on gastric ulcer development in horses and determine the efficacy of omeprazole paste in preventing gastric ulceration. DESIGN: Randomized, controlled, multicenter clinical trial. ANIMALS: 102 horses with normal-appearing gastric mucosa on endoscopic examination that were in light to heavy training. PROCEDURES: Horses at 4 trial locations were allocated into replicates and sham dosed orally (empty syringe) or treated with a paste formulation of omeprazole (1 mg/kg [0.45 mg/ lb], PO) once daily for 8 days. Training regimens varied among locations and included early training for western performance events; walking, trotting, and cantering in a mechanical exerciser; and race training (2 locations). Prevalences of gastric ulceration at the completion of the 8-day treatment period were compared between groups. RESULTS: At the end of the 8-day treatment period, the proportion of omeprazole-treated horses free from gastric ulceration (88%) was significantly higher than the proportion of sham-dosed horses free from gastric ulceration (27%). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results showed that horses in light to heavy training for as short as 8 days were at risk of developing gastric ulcers and that administration of omeprazole paste decreased the incidence of gastric ulcers.  相似文献   

Host/parasite relationship in the in vitro infection of rat gliocytes by Neospora caninum: evaluation of cell respiration     

Pinheiro AM  Santos CV  Costa Mde F  Rodrigues LE 《Research in veterinary science》2007,83(1):27-29

Neospora caninum is a protozoon that causes abortion in cattle and neuromuscular lesions in dogs, with the formation of cysts mainly in the central nervous system. Since N. caninum is an intracellular parasite with tropism for the cells of nervous system, this study evaluated the respiratory metabolism of glial cells infected by this* parasite. Glial cultures obtained from the cerebral cortex of newborn rats were kept in DMEM enriched with 10% fetal bovine serum, 1 mM pyruvic acid and 2 mM of L-glutamine. They were infected at a ratio of approximately 1:1 (cell/parasite). Oxygen consumption was evaluated by polarography in the non infected and N. caninum infected groups, 24 and 72 h following infection. Glial cell respiration after 24 and 72 h was 307.2 +/- 34.7 and 308.9 +/- 64.1 microL of oxygen per mug of total protein per minute, and 566.2 +/- 54.6 and 579 +/- 117.5 microL O2/microg of total protein/minute in the control and infected groups, respectively. These results show that N. caninum does not interfere with glial respiration in vitro.  相似文献   

Inheritance of Aluminum Tolerance and its Effects on Grain Yield and Grain Quality in Oats (Avena Sativa L.)     

Itamar Cristiano Nava  Carla Andréa Delatorre  Ismael T. de Lima Duarte  Marcelo Teixeira Pacheco  Luiz Carlos Federizzi 《Euphytica》2006,148(3):353-358

Summary Aluminum toxicity due to the cation Al⁺³ is a major factor limiting yields in acid soils. Wide genetic variability to aluminum tolerance is found in oat genotypes. The objectives of this study were to determine the number of genes controlling aluminum tolerance in oats and to verify if any detrimental effects were present of the aluminum tolerance genes on grain yield and grain quality in Al⁺³free soils. Aluminum tolerance was estimated as the average regrowth of the main root after exposure to toxic levels of Al⁺³ in a hydroponic solution under controlled conditions. The number of genes controlling that trait was estimated from the distribution of the average root regrowth frequencies in a population of 333 recombinant inbred lines (RIL's) in generations F_5:6 and F_5:7. The effects on grain yield and grain quality were assessed in a subpopulation of 162 RIL's chosen based on their aluminum tolerance response. Aluminum tolerance in the evaluated population was controlled by one dominant major gene with the tolerant genotypes carying Al _a Al _a and the sensitive ones al _a al _a alleles. No detrimental effects of the Al _a allele on grain yield or grain quality were detected.Part of the Master of Science dissertation of the first author  相似文献   

Effect of Ogura male-sterile cytoplasm on the performance of cabbage hybrid variety. II. Commercial characteristics     

Paulo E. de Melo  Leonardo B. de Giordano 《Euphytica》1994,78(1-2):149-154

Summary The main constraint of using Ogura male-sterile cytoplasm in Brassica is the induction of leaf yellowing at low temperature and the low seed set. But whether or not the cytoplasm can disturb the general commerical performance of the plants is not well-known. Therefore, this work was carried out with the purpose of evaluating Ogura cytoplasmic male-sterile cabbage hybrids and compare them to genomic similar male-fertile ones and to the most popular cabbage hybrid cultivated in Brazil. Harvest data showed an effect of the cytoplasm on reducing plant and head weight, core length and head length and width, although not altering heading index, shape and core indexes, nor head compactness. On the other hand, it was observed also that a careful selection of the parental lineages can produce male-sterile hybrids as good as their male-fertile analogues. All the evaluated hybrids were similar or better than the check for the characteristics under study.Abbreviations dat - days after transplanting - CNPH - National Center for Vegetable Crops Research  相似文献   

Initial selection steps in olive breeding programs     

Lorenzo León  Leonardo Velasco  Raúl de la Rosa 《Euphytica》2015,201(3):453-462

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Selection strategy in families of energy cane based on biomass production and quality traits     

Luís Cláudio Inácio da Silveira  Bruno Portela Brasileiro  Volmir Kist  Heroldo Weber  Edelclaiton Daros  Luiz Alexandre Peternelli  Márcio Henrique Pereira Barbosa 《Euphytica》2015,204(2):443-455

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Interaction of the mutant genes B,og c,hp and t in the coloring of tomato fruit     

Thiago Matos Andrade  Wilson Roberto Maluf  Celso Mattes de Oliveira  Luiz Antônio Augusto Gomes  Daniela Costa Santos  Regis de Castro Carvalho  Ranoel José de Sousa Gonçalves  Álvaro Carlos Gonçalves Neto 《Euphytica》2015,205(3):773-783

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Identification of anthocyanins in Rhamnus alaternus L. berries     

Longo L  Vasapollo G  Rescio L 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(5):1723-1727

Anthocyanin composition in berries of Rhamnus alaternus L., a perennial wild shrub typical of the Mediterranean area, was determined for the first time. The pigments were extracted from the berries with 0.1% HCl in methanol and purified using a C-18 solid-phase cartridge. High-performance liquid chromatography diode array detection-mass spectrometry analysis showed that delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside represented about 62.4% of the total pigments. Other anthocyanins were 3-O-rutinoside derivatives of cyanidin (8.4%), petunidin (15.8%), pelargonidin (4.7%), and peonidin and malvidin (8.7%). The concomitant presence of the six most common anthocyanidins suggested that R. alaternus berries, besides being a good pigment source, could also be a useful tool for anthocyanin identification.  相似文献