A NEW APPARATUS FOR THE DAYLIGHT PROJECTION OF MICROSCOPIC AND LANTERN SLIDES     

Jordan H 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1936,83(2146):167-168

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Floristic regeneration in five types of teak plantations in Thailand     

Puangpaka Kaewkrom  Jiragorn Gajaseni  Carl F. Jordan  Nantana Gajaseni 《Forest Ecology and Management》2005,210(1-3):351-361

Teak is the most important timber species in northern Thailand, and as such, large areas of teak forest have been disturbed or become highly degraded. Teak plantations have been established on this highly degraded land, where the rate of natural recovery is relatively slow. At the study site, five mixed or pure teak plantation types have been established to ameliorate limiting soil properties in order that long-term productivity is maintained. Observations within these plantations in northern Thailand have suggested that native species become established naturally under the shade of a “nurse” plantation, one that shades out early successional species. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of the number of species in nurse plantations on the diversity and number of seedlings representative of mature native forests that become established within the plantations. Five types of plantations were investigated: (1) Tectona grandis L.f. (T); (2) T.grandis and Tamarindus indica L. (TT); (3) T.grandis and Gmelina arborea Roxb. (TG); (4) T.grandis, T. indica and G. arborea (TTG); (5) T.grandis, T.indica and Anacardium occidentale L. (TTA). These plantations were established primarily for the production of T.grandis (teak), with the other species introduced as economic trees. The plantations were surrounded by native stands of species representative of late successional and mature teak forests. In each of the plantations studies measurements were made on species density, species diversity, and evenness of plants regenerating in the understorey. Results showed that plantations consisting of several species in the overstorey had a higher diversity of native forest species in the understorey than the single-species plantation. Mixed plantation types were also found to reduce the density of the grass Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv. Consideration of the establishment of woody species found that TG and TTA had high densities of trees and shrubs. This suggested that if the goal of management was to regenerate forest with a high diversity of tree species similar to that found in native mature forests, multiple-species plantations, especially TG and TTA, would be more effective nurse communities than the single-species plantation in providing an environment into which seeds of native species could disperse and germinate. In addition, several climax species, such as Xylia xylocarpa (Roxb.) Taub. var. kerrii (Craib & Hutch) I.C. Nielsen, Pterocarpus macrocarpus Kurz, Largerstroemia sp., Afzelia xylocarpa (Kurz) Craib, Lannea coromandelica (Houtt) Merr., Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz, Garuya pinnata Roxb., Terminalia mucronata Craib & Hutchison, Diospyoros mollis Griff., Irvingia malayana Oliv. ex Benn., Milletia leucantha Kurz, Dalbergia oliviri Gamble ex Prain, Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss and Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken, were found in the early stages of succession, thus indicating that some may be suitable for planting in future restoration processes in order to accelerate natural succession and provide economic returns to managers.  相似文献   

Seasonal fluctuations of starch in root and stem tissues of coppiced Salix viminalis plants grown under two nitrogen regimes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Von Fircks Y  Sennerby-Forsse L 《Tree physiology》1998,18(4):243-249

Seasonal changes in starch were studied at the tissue and cellular levels in roots and stems of Salix viminalis L. cuttings. Cuttings were planted in pots containing sand and grown in a controlled environment chamber in which seasons were artificially induced by changes in temperature and photoperiod. Nitrogen was supplied at optimum and low rates, and during dormancy, one-half of the plants were decapitated. Starch concentrations in root and stem tissues were determined regularly during shoot extension growth, dormancy and resprouting after dormancy. We used light microscopy (LM) combined with image analysis (IA) to determine the cellular localization and amount of starch in different cell types of stem and root tissues. Chemical analysis confirmed that starch concentrations were lower in plants receiving a high-N supply rate than in plants receiving a low-N supply rate. In all plants, the highest concentration of starch was in the roots. Light microscopy and IA showed that starch accumulated mainly in the phloem and cortical cells of both root and stem tissues. Starch grains were also regularly found in ray parenchyma cells. The amount of starch as well as the size of the grains showed strong seasonal fluctuations. In both roots and stems, starch concentrations were highest during predormancy and lowest during periods of shoot extension growth. At the time of resprouting, root cells of decapitated plants were more depleted of starch than root cells of intact plants, supporting the hypothesis that starch reserves in roots are important during the early phase of resprouting in coppice systems.  相似文献   

Damage caused by the American grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) to agricultural crops, poplar plantations and semi-natural woodland in Piedmont, Italy     

Signorile  Anna Lisa; Evans  Julian 《Forestry》2007,80(1):89-98

The incidence of damage caused by grey squirrels in the Turinplain was studied to assess the impact this alien species ishaving on the highly fragmented Piedmont environment, in particularon profitable cereals, poplar plantations and semi-natural woodlands.The survey of damage was conducted both by interviews to localfarmers and growers and by direct assessment using the NearestNeighbour Method on plantations and woodlands, studying randomlychosen plots in the Turin plain to gain a general overview ofthe situation. The results show a low incidence of damage causedby grey squirrels in the area: little or none was found in semi-naturalwoodlands and in agricultural crops, apart from maize whereless than 1 per cent of fields showed damage, and poplar plantationswhere 5 per cent had signs of bark stripping. Damage on maizecrops was random across the plain, but debarking damage to poplarswas mostly concentrated on the western side of the plain, andtended to occur only in particular years. Damage was concentratedclose to streams and rivers surrounding fields and plantations.The introduction of the grey squirrel in Italy has already causedecological damage such as the extinction of the red squirrelin some areas. Nevertheless, little or no information is availableon the damage this species is causing on woodlands or agriculturalareas. This study is a preliminary survey in order to fill thisgap.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner as an alternative control of small hive beetles, Aethina tumida Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae)     

Sven Buchholz  Peter Neumann  Katharina Merkel  H. Randall Hepburn 《Journal of pest science》2006,79(4):251-254

Small hive beetles, Aethina tumida Murray, are parasites and scavengers of honeybee colonies, Apis mellifera L., and have become an invasive species that can cause considerable damage in its new distribution areas. An effective subspecies of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (=Bt) would provide an alternative to chemical control of this pest. Therefore, we tested three different Bt strains [B. thuringiensis, var. aizawai (B401^®), B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Novodor^®) and B. thuringiensis var. San Diego tenebrionis (Jackpot^®)] and Perizin^® (3.2% coumaphos), each applied on combs with a pollen diet fed to pairs of adult beetles. This evaluates the products for the suppression of successful small hive beetle reproduction. While none of the tested Bt strains showed a significant effect on the number of produced wandering larvae, we could confirm the efficacy of coumaphos for the control of small hive beetles. We further show that it is also efficient when applied with a lower concentration as a liquid on the combs. We suggest the continued search for efficient Bt strains naturally infesting small hive beetles in its endemic and new ranges, which may become a part of the integrated management of this pest.  相似文献   

Collection of wood quality data by X-ray densitometry: a case study with three southern pines     

Thomas L. Eberhardt  Lisa J. Samuelson 《Wood Science and Technology》2015,49(4):739-753

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蚕沙和稻秸不同比例组合对瘤胃微生物体外发酵的组合效应     

孙丽莎  李华伟  崔慧慧  赵睿  王梦芝  喻礼怀  王洪荣 《动物营养学报》2015,(1):313-319

本文采用瘤胃微生物体外发酵法研究了不同比例蚕沙(SE)和稻秸(RS)的组合效应。试验将SE:RS设计为100∶0(SE100组)、80∶20(SE80组)、60∶40(SE60组)、40∶60(SE40组)、20∶80(SE20组)、0∶100(SE0组)的比例,分别进行体外发酵批次培养24 h和体外发酵产气培养72 h,测定产气参数和发酵特性指标。结果表明:1)SE100组理论最大产气量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),SE80组的24和72 h累积产气量显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。2)24 h时培养液总挥发性脂肪酸浓度为SE80组>SE100组>SE60组>SE40组>SE0组>SE20组,乙酸/丙酸为SE80组SE100组>SE60组>SE80组>SE40组>SE0组。4)随着蚕沙比例的升高,底物体外有机物消化率越高。5)SE80组多项指标组合效应指数为0.76,SE80组>SE40组>SE60组>SE20组。蚕沙和稻秸组合改善了体外瘤胃微生物发酵特性和产气参数,且蚕沙和稻秸的最佳比例为80∶20。  相似文献   

饲粮不同水平蚕沙对绵羊生长性能、屠宰性能、器官发育和血清生化指标的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙丽莎  赵睿  崔慧慧  王梦芝  喻礼怀  王洪荣  陶晓菁 《动物营养学报》2015,(3):941-947

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平蚕沙对绵羊生长性能、屠宰性能、器官发育和血清生化指标的影响。试验选用32只90日龄绵羊,随机分成4组,每组8只。各组饲粮中蚕沙水平分别为0(对照)、20%(T20)、30%(T30)、40%(T40)。预试期15 d,正试期60 d。试验结束后每组随机选取3只羊屠宰。结果表明:1)T20和T30组的平均日增重(ADG)高于对照组(P0.05),显著高于T40组(P0.05),日均采食量(ADFI)显著低于对照组(P0.05),料重比(F/G)低于对照组(P0.05),ADFI和F/G显著低于T40组(P0.05)。2)T20和T30组屠宰率与对照组无显著差异(P0.05),而显著大于T40组(P0.05);对照组与T20、T30组胴体重差异不显著(P0.05);T20、T30、T40组的眼肌面积和胴体脂肪含量值均显著大于对照组(P0.05)。3)T20组的心脏重量显著大于对照组(P0.05),T30和T40组的脾脏重量显著大于对照组(P0.05)。4)对照组血清球蛋白(GLO)含量显著小于T40组(P0.05)。试验组血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性显著低于对照组(P0.05)。综合以上,饲粮中添加蚕沙能够增大绵羊ADG,提高屠宰率,降低料重比,蚕沙在饲粮中的适宜比例为20%~30%,最佳比例为20%。  相似文献   

Surface Electromyography of the Vastus Lateralis,Biceps Femoris,and Gluteus Medius Muscle in Sound Dogs During Walking and Specific Physiotherapeutic Exercises          下载免费PDF全文

Katharina Breitfuss DVM  Michaela Franz DVM  Christian Peham DME  PhD  Barbara Bockstahler DVM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2015,44(5):588-595

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Bilateral renal dysplasia,hydronephrosis, and hydroureter in a septic neonatal foal     

Rebecca A. Gilday  Chris Wojnarowicz  Kimberly A. Tryon  Katharina L. Lohmann 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2015,56(3):257-260

A Canadian warmblood foal treated for septic polyarthritis was diagnosed with bilateral congenital renal dysplasia, hydronephrosis, and hydroureter at 2 weeks of age based on abdominal ultrasound and postmortem examination. Intermittent abdominal pain throughout the course of treatment was attributed to hydronephrosis and hydroureter.  相似文献