Binding of mouse mannan-binding lectins to different bacterial pathogens of mice   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Phaneuf LR  Lillie BN  Hayes MA  Turner PV 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2007,118(1-2):129-133

Humans have one mannan-binding lectin (MBL) in circulation but rodents, pigs, rabbits and rhesus monkeys have two, MBL-A and MBL-C. Plasma forms of these proteins have similar mannan-binding activity in vitro, but might differ in their ability to bind other microbial targets. In these studies, we compared carbohydrate-dependent binding of mouse plasma MBL-A and MBL-C to mannan-sepharose beads and to intact bacteria isolated as pathogens from mice. After incubation of mouse plasma with intact bacteria, MBL-A and MBL-C were eluted with N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and identified in nonreducing SDS-PAGE using Western blot analysis and MBL-A or MBL-C specific monoclonal antibodies. GlcNAc eluates of plasma incubated with mannan-sepharose beads, Klebsiella oxytoca and Staphylococcus aureus contained similar bands (mainly approximately 50kDa) that were immunoreactive with MBL-C antibody. Furthermore, a smaller form of MBL-C (approximately 45kDa) was detected bound to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. By comparison, immunoreactive MBL-A (a ladder of approximately 175kDa and larger bands) was identified in these GlcNAc eluates from mannan-sepharose beads, S. aureus and K. oxytoca but not P. aeruginosa. These studies demonstrate that mouse MBL-A and MBL-C in plasma are not equivalent in their ability to recognize bacteria that are pathogens for mice.  相似文献   

Biofilm versus biofloc: Are artificial substrates for biofilm production necessary in the BFT system?     

Lise M. H. Ferreira  Gabriele Lara  Wilson Wasielesky Jr.  Paulo Cesar Abreu 《Aquaculture International》2016,24(4):921-930

The aim of this study was to evaluate the addition of artificial substrates in biofloc technology systems that are used for the intensive production of Litopenaeus vannamei. The experiment lasted 35 days. Tanks each with a useful volume of 800 L were filled with water containing bioflocs (25 % of the total volume) and filtered seawater. Three treatments with three replicates each were compared: (1) Ctrl (control), i.e., without the addition of artificial substrate, (2) 200 and (3) 400, with added artificial substrate equivalent to 200 and 400 % of the lateral area of the tanks, respectively. The shrimp with initial weight of 0.40 ± 0.15 g were stocked at a density of 300 shrimp/m². Feed (Guabi/38 Active, Brazil) was supplied two times per day. The water quality parameters were suitable for the production of L. vannamei. The settleable solids (SS) were higher in the Ctrl treatment (82.1 ± 19 mL L^?1) and differed statistically from the 200 and 400 treatments that presented average SS values below 10 mL L^?1. The reuse of water with bioflocs accelerated nitrification in the tanks, and no significant differences were shown between tanks. The presence of biofilm did not interfere with ammonium or nitrite levels, but it did serve as a food source that optimized shrimp performance, as shown by higher final weights. More studies are needed to evaluate the circulation and mixing intensity effects of the substrates on water throughout the production cycle.  相似文献   

Eradications as scientific experiments: progress in simultaneous eradications of two major invasive taxa from a Mediterranean island          下载免费PDF全文

Lise Ruffino  Elise Krebs  Aurélie Passetti  Annie Aboucaya  Laurence Affre  Damien Fourcy  Olivier Lorvelec  Alain Barcelo  Laurence Berville  Nathalie Bigeard  Lenka Brousset  Hélène De Méringo  Pascal Gillet  Patricia Le Quilliec  Yannick Limouzin  Frédéric Médail  Jean‐Yves Meunier  Marine Pascal  Michel Pascal  Philippe Ponel  François Rifflet  Coralie Santelli  Elise Buisson  Eric Vidal 《Pest management science》2015,71(2):189-198

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The importance of egg size and egg energy density for early size patterns and performance of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus          下载免费PDF全文

Camille Anne‐Lise Leblanc  Bjarni K Kristjánsson  Skúli Skúlason 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(4):1100-1111

The primary target of selection in most breeding programmes in aquaculture is to promote rapid growth while delaying maturation. In most cases, little is known about how such selection programmes may affect maternal provisioning of offspring and early development. Under favourable and predictable condition, which is typically the case in fish farming, females generally produce more but smaller eggs than wild females. By using a continuous range of egg size originating from females of a fourth generation of Icelandic domesticated Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus (Linnaeus, 1758), we assessed the relative importance of maternal effects and individual egg size for energy density of individual egg and several offspring traits from fertilization until 138 days post fertilization (dpf). We found that egg size and related energy density varied more among than within females. Although egg size was not correlated with energy density (at 1 dpf) or survival (at hatching and 138 dpf), it was positively correlated with most offspring traits throughout ontogeny. We further did not find any temporal variation in the correlation with the offspring traits during ontogeny. Within clutch variation in growth, yolk sac volume and hatching time were under the influence of direct female effects (maternal or genetic effects). These results show how egg size relates to individual performance in Arctic charr and constitute a baseline for understanding how domestication may alter offspring phenotypes early in life. These findings are discussed with regard to their consequences for aquaculture of Arctic charr and salmonids in general.  相似文献   

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pectobacterium carotovorum</Emphasis> subsp. <Emphasis Type="Italic">brasiliensis</Emphasis> causing blackleg on potatoes in South Africa     

Johanna J. van der Merwe  Teresa A. Coutinho  Lise Korsten  Jacqueline E. van der Waals 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,126(2):175-185

In South Africa during the 2006/2007 potato growing season, outbreaks of blackleg occurred, causing severe economic losses in commercial potato production fields. Symptoms were initially observed on only one stem per plant, on which the top leaves rolled upwards, wilted and became necrotic. As symptoms progressed to the lower leaves with subsequent leaf desiccation, a light to dark brown discolouration of the vascular system at the stem base developed, followed by external darkening. Under prevailing wet and humid conditions stems became slimy and pale. In the stems, the pith became necrotic and hollow. These symptoms were similar to those described in Brazil, where the causal agent was identified as a new subspecies, Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliensis (Pbcb). Isolations from plants showing typical blackleg symptoms were made on CVP medium. Sequences and phylogenetic analysis of the partial 16S–23S rDNA intergenic spacer region indicated that the isolates were Pbcb. Comparison of PCR-RFLP patterns of the 16S–23S rDNA of isolates to reference cultures confirmed the identity of the South African blackleg strains as Pbcb, identical to strain 8 isolated in Brazil. This is the first report of Pbcb in South Africa and it appears to be the most important causal agent of blackleg in South Africa. The disease poses a major potential threat to the South African potato industry especially in terms of seed exports, tuber quality and yield.  相似文献   

PROSPECTIVE COMPARISON OF TUMOR STAGING USING COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY VERSUS MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FINDINGS IN DOGS WITH NASAL NEOPLASIA: A PILOT STUDY          下载免费PDF全文

Cassie N. Lux  William T. N. Culp  Lynelle R. Johnson  Michael Kent  Philipp Mayhew  Lise A. Daniaux  Alaina Carr  Sarah Puchalski 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2017,58(3):315-325

Identification of nasal neoplasia extension and tumor staging in dogs is most commonly performed using computed tomography (CT), however magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is routinely used in human medicine. A prospective pilot study enrolling six dogs with nasal neoplasia was performed with CT and MRI studies acquired under the same anesthetic episode. Interobserver comparison and comparison between the two imaging modalities with regard to bidimensional measurements of the nasal tumors, tumor staging using historical schemes, and assignment of an ordinal scale of tumor margin clarity at the tumor‐soft tissue interface were performed. The hypotheses included that MRI would have greater tumor measurements, result in higher tumor staging, and more clearly define the tumor soft tissue interface when compared to CT. Evaluation of bone involvement of the nasal cavity and head showed a high level of agreement between CT and MRI. Estimation of tumor volume using bidimensional measurements was higher on MRI imaging in 5/6 dogs, and resulted in a median tumor volume which was 18.4% higher than CT imaging. Disagreement between CT and MRI was noted with meningeal enhancement, in which two dogs were positive for meningeal enhancement on MRI and negative on CT. One of six dogs had a higher tumor stage on MRI compared to CT, while the remaining five agreed. Magnetic resonance imaging resulted in larger bidimensional measurements and tumor volume estimates, along with a higher likelihood of identifying meningeal enhancement when compared to CT imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging may provide integral information for tumor staging, prognosis, and treatment planning.  相似文献   

Resistance of wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici to DMI and QoI fungicides in the Nordic-Baltic region - a status     

Thies Marten Heick  Annemarie Fejer Justesen  Lise Nistrup Jørgensen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2017,149(3):669-682

Septoria tritici blotch (STB) caused by the ascomycete Zymoseptoria tritici (Z. tritici) is currently the most prevalent foliar disease in wheat in the Nordic-Baltic region. Fungicide availability in this region differs greatly and is generally more limited than in other European regions. Monitoring of fungicide sensitivity is an essential tool to survey changes in fungal populations in order to react and be able to adapt recommendations for fungicide use. In this study the authors give an overview of the current situation of 14α-demethylation inhibitor (DMI) and quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) sensitivity of Z. tritici from Scandinavia and the Baltic countries. A total of 985 isolates from the Nordic-Baltic region were investigated for EC₅₀ of DMI epoxiconazole and prothioconazole. Fungicide sensitivity remains at a high level with values ranging from 0.07 to 0.48 mg L^?1 for epoxiconazole and 1.17 to 9.47 mg L^?1 for prothioconazole. Point mutation I381V in the DMI target gene CYP51 was dominant throughout the region, but mutations D134G, V136A/C and S524T were also detected in the population in 2014. Screening for inserts in the CYP51 promoter region revealed that a ~ 1000 bp insert is predominant in the entire region. Only a single isolate was found in Denmark, harbouring the 120 bp insert, known to reduce fungicide sensitivity. Two Danish isolates which had elevated resistance levels were associated with an enhanced efflux. Significant differences were found across the area for the presence of G143A, conferring QoI resistance. As there is only limited access to results from this area, these findings can serve as reference for future fungicide sensitivity investigations and for evaluation of changes in the Northern European Z. tritici population.  相似文献   

Genetic diversity and population structure of South African smallholder farmer sheep breeds determined using the OvineSNP50 beadchip     

Molotsi  Annelin H.  Taylor  Jeremy F.  Cloete  Schalk W.P.  Muchadeyi  Farai  Decker  Jared E.  Whitacre  Lynsey K.  Sandenbergh  Lise  Dzama  Kennedy 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(8):1771-1777

Tropical Animal Health and Production - A population structure study was performed in South African ovine populations using the OvineSNP50 beadchip. Blood samples were obtained from 295 sheep of...  相似文献   

Population structure and frequency differences of CYP51 mutations in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Zymoseptoria tritici</Emphasis> populations in the Nordic and Baltic regions     

Nana Vagndorf  Thies Marten Heick  Annemarie Fejer Justesen  Jeppe Reitan Andersen  Ahmed Jahoor  Lise Nistrup Jørgensen  Jihad Orabi 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2018,152(2):327-341

Septoria tritici blotch caused by the fungus Zymoseptoria tritici (formerly Mycosphaerella graminicola) is one of the most yield-reducing diseases worldwide. Effective disease management involves the use of resistant cultivars and application of fungicides. In this study, the population structure and genetic diversity of 183 Z. tritici isolates from Denmark, Sweden, Finland and the Baltic countries were analysed by molecular markers. In population structure analysis, isolates from Denmark and Sweden were grouped together, whereas isolates from the Baltics and Finland were grouped together. Analysis of genetic diversity and ?-values confirmed the division of Nordic and Baltic regions. Danish isolates sampled from different regions and different varieties were not genetically different. However, significant genetic differences were detected between isolates sampled from different years in Denmark and for isolates sampled from specific cultivars in different years. Additionally, the frequency of several known point mutations in the gene cyp51, conferring decreased sensitivity to DMI fungicides, was investigated. Several of the examined mutations were detected at a lower frequency in Baltic isolates compared to Danish and Swedish isolates. Analysis of the Danish population revealed a significant increase in specific mutations over the years. Lastly, some mutations were significantly more frequent in isolates derived from certain varieties. By using different resistance sources in breeding programmes and application of a wide range of fungicides, a sustainable and efficient disease management can be obtained.  相似文献   

Heads you win,tails you lose: Life‐history traits predict invasion and extinction risk of the world's freshwater fishes          下载免费PDF全文

Chunlong Liu  Lise Comte  Julian D. Olden 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2017,27(4):773-779