新疆兵团主要植棉区机采棉田杂草调查   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张强  田英  朱玉永  马江锋  李红 《中国棉花》2020,47(5):13-16

采用倒置“W”九点取样法对新疆兵团北疆、东疆主要植棉师蕾期、铃期棉田杂草进行调查。结果表明：北疆第六师、东疆第十三师机采棉田杂草主要有16科31种，其中禾本科杂草占16.1%，阔叶杂草占80.7%，莎草科杂草占3.2%；1年生杂草占64.5%，多年生杂草占35.5%。北疆第六师蕾期棉田优势杂草为龙葵、野西瓜苗、田旋花、灰藜，铃期优势杂草为龙葵、田旋花、灰藜。东疆第十三师蕾期棉田优势杂草为灰藜、反枝苋、狗尾草，铃期优势杂草为龙葵、灰藜、反枝苋、田旋花。不同地区、不同生育时期棉田优势杂草有所差异。研究结果将为新疆兵团机采棉田杂草的科学可持续防控提供重要依据。  相似文献   

Influences of sand cover on erosion processes of loess slopes based on rainfall simulation experiments   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ZHANG Xiang  LI Zhanbin  LI Peng  TANG Shanshan  WANG Tian  ZHANG Hui 《干旱区科学》2018,10(1):39-52

Aeolian-fluvial interplay erosion regions are subject to intense soil erosion and are of particular concern in loess areas of northwestern China.Understanding the composition,distribution,and transport processes of eroded sediments in these regions is of considerable scientific significance for controlling soil erosion.In this study,based on laboratory rainfall simulation experiments,we analyzed rainfall-induced erosion processes on sand-covered loess slopes(SS)with different sand cover patterns(including length and thickness)and uncovered loess slopes(LS)to investigate the influences of sand cover on erosion processes of loess slopes in case regions of aeolian-fluvial erosion.The grain-size curves of eroded sediments were fitted using the Weibull function.Compositions of eroded sediments under different sand cover patterns and rainfall intensities were analyzed to explore sediment transport modes of SS.The influences of sand cover amount and pattern on erosion processes of loess slopes were also discussed.The results show that sand cover on loess slopes influences the proportion of loess erosion and that the compositions of eroded sediments vary between SS and LS.Sand cover on loess slopes transforms silt erosion into sand erosion by reducing splash erosion and changing the rainfall-induced erosion processes.The percentage of eroded sand from SS in the early stage of runoff and sediment generation is always higher than that in the late stage.Sand cover on loess slopes aggravates loess erosion,not only by adding sand as additional eroded sediments but also by increasing the amount of eroded loess,compared with the loess slopes without sand cover.The influence of sand cover pattern on runoff yield and the amount of eroded sediments is larger than that of sand cover amount.Furthermore,given the same sand cover pattern,a thicker sand cover could increase sand erosion while a thinner sand cover could aggravate loess erosion.This difference explains the existence of intense erosion on slopes that are thinly covered with sand in regions where aeolian erosion and fluvial erosion interact.  相似文献   

湘桂走廊白背飞虱早期虫源及灾变大气背景     

邹丽霞  唐广田 《中国农学通报》2020,36(24):136-145

为阐明湘桂走廊白背飞虱早期虫源及大气背景在其北迁过程中的影响,利用HYSPLIT软件模拟白背飞虱灾变性迁入高峰期、始见期后向轨迹,分别从个性及共性角度,分析湘桂走廊白背飞虱主要虫源地及其灾变大气背景。结果表明：（1）1991—2014年湘桂走廊白背飞虱的迁入始见期、首次迁入高峰期分别为0.9 d/10 a、1.6 d/10 a;（2）西南路径是湘桂走廊白背飞虱初始虫源迁入的主要路径,永福站、兴安站和全州站虫源西南路径占比分别为54%、50%、72%;（3）中南半岛白背飞虱借助微弱上升气流完成起飞,850 hPa高度上的强劲的西南气流、丰富的水汽条件有利于其北迁,降水是白背飞虱降落的重要大气动力机制。研究结果为白背飞虱的异地监测及科学防治提供科学依据。  相似文献   

河北省山区降雨侵蚀力的时空变化特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

索笑颖  刘玉春  赵光耀  田国纯  张卫平  白龙飞 《水土保持通报》2020,40(6):259-265

[目的] 探究河北省山区降雨侵蚀力时空变化特征，为该区水土流失治理措施的制定和实施提供科学依据。[方法] 应用时间变化分析和空间分布分析对河北省山区2000-2018年降雨侵蚀力进行分析。[结果] 时间趋势中燕山山区年降雨侵蚀力呈波动上升趋势，主周期为11 a，在2009年发生突变，春、秋两季呈波动下降趋势，主周期分别为8和11 a，春季无突变点，秋季在2001年发生突变，夏季呈波动波动上升趋势，9 a为主周期，在2010年发生突变；太行山区年降雨侵蚀力呈波动下降趋势，主周期为6 a，无突变点，夏、秋两季呈波动上升趋势，主周期分别为8和10 a，均无突变点，春季呈波动下降趋势，主周期为8 a，在2006年发生突变；空间分布中，年均降雨侵蚀力范围为1 063.39~5 127.44 MJ·mm/（hm²·h），燕山山区由西到东年及夏季平均降雨侵蚀力先增长后降低再增长，太行山区中由南向北年、夏季平均降雨侵蚀力逐渐降低，春、秋两季降雨侵蚀力分布规律较为多变。[结论] 通过对河北省山区降雨侵蚀力的分析，得出河北省山区夏季水土流失最为严重，燕山山区部分地区尤为突出。  相似文献   

Assessment of soil aggregation properties after conversion from rice to greenhouse organic cultivation on SOC controlling mechanism     

Xu  Lingying  Wang  Meiyan  Xie  Xinqiao  Shi  Xuezheng  Xu  Shengxiang  Sun  Weixia  Shi  Yijie  Yu  Quanbo  Pan  Jinhua  Li  Xiangwei  Tian  Yutian  Zhu  Yuncong 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2020,20(4):1920-1930

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Organic manure is beneficial for macro-aggregate formation and soil organic carbon (SOC), but how SOC change in aggregate fractions in time-series is still...  相似文献   

Integrating meteorological factors for better understanding of the urban form-air quality relationship     

Tian  Ye  Yao  Xiaobai A.  Mu  Lan  Fan  Qinjin  Liu  Yijun 《Landscape Ecology》2020,35(10):2357-2373

Landscape Ecology - Understanding the urban form-air quality relationship is essential to mitigate intra-urban air pollution and to improve urban ecology. However, few studies considered urban form...  相似文献   

Genetic diversity evaluation of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.) using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR)     

Dongming Chen  Xing Yi  Hui Yang  Hui Zhou  Ye Yu  Yun Tian  Xiangyang Lu 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2015,62(6):823-828

  相似文献   

我国玉米品种标准DNA指纹库构建研究及应用进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵久然  王凤格  易红梅  田红丽  杨扬 《作物杂志》2015,(2):1-6,170

介绍了我国玉米品种标准DNA指纹库构建的进展及应用情况。我国玉米品种标准DNA指纹库规模已达到22 089份,经与国内外作物品种DNA指纹库比较,是全球品种数量和建库规模最大的DNA指纹库,并且在区域试验、品种权保护及种子质量管理等方面都得到了广泛应用。至今已开展玉米品种真实性鉴定等达40 000多份次。同时,对DNA指纹库构建未来发展进行预测,建议继续发挥SSR标记的作用、加快推进SNP标记的研发、发掘In Del标记的应用潜力并持续关注测序技术的发展。  相似文献   

Analysis and Assessment on Heavy Metal Contamination in Cotton Seeds of Hunan Province     

Xu Shuangjiao  Fang Dan  Tian Xinquan  Shi Meng  Ma Lei 《棉花学报》2019,31(1):72-78

[Objective] In order to guarantee the quality and safety of cotton products and to explore the feasibility of alternative planting, the contamination condition of the heavy metals in cotton seeds in Hunan province was investigated and evaluated. [Method] Fifty-six cotton seed samples, collected in 6 counties of Hunan province, were collected to determine 6 indicators including cadmium, lead, copper, chromium, mercury and inorganic arsenic contents. This was followed by pollution index calculation, correlation analysis, and cluster analysis. [Results] The range of comprehensive pollution indexes of Junshan district, Anxiang county, Nanxian county, Wangcheng and Dingcheng districts varied between 0.366 5–0.577 0, which belonged to a secure level. However, the single pollution indexes of Hengyang county are relatively high. The comprehensive pollution index of Hengyang county was 0.801 6, meaning a mild pollution level. [Conclusion] The pollution status of cadmium, lead, copper, chromium, mercury and arsenic in Hunan cottonseed samples are generally acceptable. Cotton could be a substitute for rice on contaminated soil.  相似文献   

两种除草剂对紫背浮萍的生长抑制活性研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

田延辉  姜辉  黄继光  张燕  瞿唯钢 《农药科学与管理》2015,(3):61-65

本文以叶状体数为测试指标,在实验室条件下研究了除草剂草甘膦、二甲戊灵对紫背浮萍生长的影响。结果表明:在一定范围内,两种除草剂均对紫背浮萍的生长具有明显的抑制作用,抑制率都随浓度的增加而增大,处理168h后,草甘膦、二甲戊灵对紫背浮萍叶状体的EC50分别为12.817、0.483mg/L。  相似文献