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71.
Integrating stakeholders’ demands and scientific knowledge on ecosystem services in landscape planning 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Igone Palacios-Agundez Beatriz Fernández de Manuel Gloria Rodríguez-Loinaz Lorena Peña Ibone Ametzaga-Arregi Josu G. Alday Izaskun Casado-Arzuaga Iosu Madariaga Xabier Arana Miren Onaindia 《Landscape Ecology》2014,29(8):1423-1433
The conflict between conservation and timber production is shifting in regions such as Biscay (Basque Country, northern Spain) where planted forests are no longer profitable without public subsidies and environmentalist claim that public subsidies should be reoriented to the regeneration of natural forest. This paper develops an approach that integrates scientific knowledge and stakeholders’ demands to provide decision-making guidelines for the development of new landscape planning strategies while considering ecosystem services. First, a participatory process was conducted to develop a community vision for the region’s sustainable future considering the opportunities and constrains provided by the landscape and its ecosystems. In the participatory process forest management was considered an important driver for the region`s landscape development and forest multi-functionality was envisioned as a feasible attractive alternative. The participatory process identified a knowledge gap on the synergies and trade-offs between biodiversity and carbon storage and how these depend on different forest types. Second, to study the existing synergies and trade-offs between biodiversity and carbon storage and disentangle the identified knowledge gap, a GIS-based research was conducted based on spatially explicit indicators. Our spatial analysis results showed that natural forests’ contribution to biodiversity and carbon storage is higher than that of the plantations with exotic species in the region. The results from the spatial analysis converged with those from the participatory process in the suitability of promoting, where possible and appropriate, natural forest ecosystems restoration. This iterative learning and decision making process is already showing its effectiveness for decision making, with concrete examples of how the results obtained with the applied approach are being included in planning and decision-making processes. 相似文献
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Miriam-Hiesu García-Morales Martín Pérez-Velázquez Mayra L. González-Felix Armando Burgos-Hernández Mario-Onofre Cortez-Rocha Lorena Bringas-Alvarado 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):340-353
Juvenile (5.5–5.7 g) white leg shrimp were exposed to mycotoxin in one indoor trial by feeding fumonisin B1 (FB1) at levels from 0.2 to 2.0 μg g?1 FB1 for 30 days. Shrimp growth was affected after exposure to more than 0.6 μg g?1 FB1. Soluble muscle protein concentration decreased, and changes in myosin thermodynamic properties were observed in shrimp after 30 days of exposure to FB1. Marked histological changes in tissue of shrimp fed a diet containing FB1 at 2.0 μg g?1 were also observed. Shrimp fed diets containing more than 0.6 μg g?1 FB1 showed greater decrease in shear forces after 12 days of ice storage. 相似文献
75.
Valenzuela A Campos V Yañez F Alveal K Gutiérrez P Rivas M Contreras N Klempau A Fernandez I Oyarzun C 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2012,38(4):943-950
This paper describes and evaluates the mortality associated with the potential stressor effect induced by application of artificial photoperiods in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). After application of artificial photoperiods, high mortalities of trout subjected to this management were recorded (36% in LD 14:10 and 25% in LD 24:0) as compared to controls (7%). The recorded signology related to diseased trout included darkening, lethargy and erratic swimming. Among the morphological changes, skin lesions and ulcerative-type necrosis could be observed. Blood tests, histopathology and isolation of pathogens identified as Flavobacterium psychrophilum, associated with Aeromonas, Pseudomonas and Saprolegnia sp., were performed. The application of artificial photoperiods suggests that fish may be more susceptible to opportunistic diseases; thus, it is advisable to emphasize preventive measures in fish subjected to this management. 相似文献
76.
Alejandro Solla Lorena García Andrea Pérez Ana Cordero Elena Cubera Gerardo Moreno 《Phytoparasitica》2009,37(4):303-316
The Iberian forests are suffering severe disease and mortality as a result of decline, with Quercus ilex the major species at risk. Trunk injections with potassium phosphonate, which have been used successfully to control Phytophthora cinnamomi, were tested against decline. In an area in which P. cinnamomi was isolated, Q. ilex trees showing different degrees of decline were trunk-injected. Soil properties, and measurements of soil water content (θ)
and depth to soil water table were assessed at three sites with markedly different decline incidences. Over the 5 years following
the initiation of the experiment, mean symptoms among spring-treated trees and autumn-treated trees, or among trees injected
twice a year (spring and autumn), once a year, and non-injected, were not significantly different. No effects of the treatments
on shoot growth and acorn production were observed. However, θ values under trees which recovered from decline were higher
than θ values under trees which did not recover from decline. At the site with the highest incidence of decline and tree mortality,
P. cinnamomi was rarely isolated, and the presence of gravel, soil infiltration capacities and water table depth values were significantly
higher than at the other sites, water stress being more likely to contribute to decline than P. cinnamomi. In areas in which θ is low, the distribution of phosphonate on the tree would be limited. Since the thresholds for phytotoxicity
of potassium phosphonate in Q. ilex trees at the site studied would be higher than the amounts used, rates of the chemical slightly less than those that cause
phytotoxicity should be tested. 相似文献
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Silvia Viviana Soriano Nora Beatriz Pierangeli Irene Roccia Hector Fabián Jesus Bergagna Lorena Evelina Lazzarini Alejandra Celescinco Mónica Susana Saiz Alejandra Kossman Pablo Adrián Contreras Cecilia Arias Juan Angel Basualdo 《Veterinary parasitology》2010
The presence of parasites was investigated by the examination of 1944 dog faecal samples collected from urban (n = 646) and rural (n = 1298) areas of the province of Neuquén, Patagonia, Argentina. Parasitic agents (PA) were found in 37.86% of samples. A total of 15 different PA were detected, including Toxocara canis (16.35%), Taenia spp./Echinococcus spp. (12.65%), Trichurisvulpis (6.06%), Giardia spp. (1.29%), Toxascaris leonina (0.56%), Ancylostomacaninum (0.41%), Dipylidium caninum (0.31%), Diphyllobothrium spp. (0.10%), among others. Several of these PA are recognized as zoonotic agents. Therefore, the results of this investigation revealed that local population is exposed to a broad spectrum of zoonotic parasites by means of environmental contamination with dog faeces. Prevalence of PA was slightly higher in rural (40.06%) than in urban (33.44%) locations. Distribution of groups of PA (cestodes, nematodes, and protozoa) showed statistical differences between both habitats. Prevalence of cestodes (18.18%) and protozoa (11.86%) was significantly higher in the rural environment than in urban areas and nematodes (29.10%) were more frequent in urban locations. Infection of dogs with Linguatula serrata and Cryptosporidium sp. was demonstrated for the first time in Neuquén. Rural dogs of the study area are under hydatic disease control program, which includes treatment with praziquantel every 6 weeks; thus, the finding of high level of cestode infection in these areas is of great relevance. The epidemiology of zoonotic parasitic infections in urban and rural dogs showed different patterns and, in consequence, different control measurements should be applied in each location. 相似文献
79.
Elena Gomez Laura Ferreras Lorena Lovotti Estela Fernandez 《European Journal of Soil Biology》2009,45(2):163-167
The widespread use of genetically modified crops tolerant to glyphosate, has strongly promoted the use of this herbicide. This work evaluates the effect of increasing doses of glyphosate on biomass and metabolic activity and metabolic quotient of soil microbiota under controlled conditions. Commercial formulation of glyphosate (48%) was sprayed over a Vertic Argiudoll placed in trays, at doses of 0.48, 0.96, 1.92 and 3.84 L a.i ha?1. Doses usually applied in the field are between 0.96 and 1.92 L a.i ha?1. Treatments and control were incubated at 25 °C and 75% of water holding capacity. After 4 and 45 days from glyphosate application, carbon from microbial biomass (C-MB), microbial respiration rate (MR), metabolic quotient (qCO2), and dehydrogenase activity (DA) were determined. The C-MB at 4 days of incubation did not differ (P < 0.05) between the control and the doses of 0.48 and 0.96 L, while it was significantly lower in the highest doses. After 45 days, C-BM in the dose of 3.84 L was significantly lower than the control. The MR showed significant differences over the time but not between doses. Significant differences were found in qCO2 between doses in both periods of incubation. Dehydrogenase activity was significantly higher in the treatments with glyphosate than in the control at the beginning of incubation. Treatment with 0.48 L presented the highest value after 45 days, while the dose of 3.84 L had lowest DA. The variables analyzed showed an initial inhibitory effect that affected the microbial cells. However, this effect was temporary at doses equivalent or higher than those usually applied in the field. 相似文献
80.
Del Moral-Ramírez E Domínguez-Ramírez L Cruz-Guerrero AE Rodríguez-Serrano GM García-Garibay M Gómez-Ruiz L Jiménez-Guzmán J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(14):5859-5863
Native beta-lactoglobulin binds and increases the activity of Kluyveromyces lactis beta-galactosidase. Construction of a three-dimensional (3D) model of beta-lactoglobulin showed that lysine residues 15, 47, 69, and 138 are the most exposed ones, thus the ones more likely to interact with beta-galactosidase. Molecular docking estimated the interaction energies of amino acid residues with either lactose or succinic anhydride, showing that Lys(138) is the most likely to react with both. Affinity chromatography demonstrated that succinylated beta-lactoglobulin diminished its ability to bind to the enzyme. Furthermore, when activity was measured in the presence of succinylated beta-lactoglobulin, its activating effect was lost. Since succinylation specifically blocks Lys epsilon-amino groups, their loss very likely causes the disappearance of the activating effect. Results show that the activating effect of beta-lactoglobulin on beta-galactosidase activity is due to the interaction between both proteins and that this interaction is very likely to occur through the Lys epsilon-amino groups of beta-lactoglobulin. 相似文献