Ergebnisse der zerlegung von langjährig genutzten simetermonolithen     

M. Körschens 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(6)

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Methodische untersuchungen zur Sekundärauswertung von Sortenversuchen Bezüglich der Ertragsstabilität von Sorten mit Hilfe der Ökoregression     

Klaus Stegemann  Hannelore Dörfel  Volker Weise 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(5):389-400

In Sortenversuchen sind die Wechselwirkungen Sorten × Orte meist sehr groß und die Mittelwertdifferenzen somit wenig aussagekräftig.

Es wird empfohlen, Landessortenversuche über Landesgrenzen hinweg sekundär regressionsanalytisch auszuwerten, um die Reaktionen von Sorten auf die unterschiedlichen Wachstumsbedingungen der Orte zu erkennen. Auf Aspekte der Auswertung wird näher eingegangen. Die Auswertungsergebnisse der sekundären Auswertung sind für Pflanzenzüchter und Landwirte gleichsam relevant.  相似文献   

Maize Hybrid Variability for Transpiration Decrease with Progressive Soil Drying     

M. Gholipoor  T. R. Sinclair  M. A. S. Raza  C. Löffler  M. Cooper  C. D. Messina 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2013,199(1):23-29

Drought is ubiquitous in rainfed cropping systems and often limits maize yields. The sensitivity of transpiration response early in progressive soil drying is a trait with potential to improve crop drought resistance. Simulation studies demonstrated that increased sensitivity to drying soil leading to restricted transpiration rates results in conservation of soil water during vegetative stages for possible use during grain filling. In contrast to other crops, there have been no studies characterizing genotypic variability for this trait in maize. Experiments in controlled environments were conducted to characterize the fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) threshold on drying soil for 36 hybrids selected for variation in the field for drought resistance, regions of adaptation and stay green. While FTSW thresholds varied among hybrids from 0.60 to 0.33, these thresholds were not uniformly associated with level of drought resistance in the field. Nevertheless, this study demonstrated a high FTSW threshold corresponded with drought resistance observed in some modern maize germplasm (hybrids #7, 17, 24, 27 and 32). This knowledge can enable breeding work seeking to exploit this adaptive trait to improved drought tolerance in low threshold FTSW germplasm.  相似文献   

Changing stock of biomass carbon in a boreal forest over 93 years     

Pekka E. Kauppi  Aapo Rautiainen  Kari T. Korhonen  Aleksi Lehtonen  Jari Liski  Pekka Nöjd  Sakari Tuominen  Markus Haakana  Tarmo Virtanen 《Forest Ecology and Management》2010,259(7):1239-1244

The growing stock more than doubled from 1.6 to 3.4 million m³ between 1912 and 2005 in forests on an area of 387 km² in southern Finland. The stock expansion continued for 93 years noting interim results, which were available for 1959, 1982, 1994 and 1999. Forested area in the region hardly changed. Carbon sequestration was mainly a result of a long-term recovery from forest degradation, a legacy of land use in the 18th and 19th centuries. Tree demography responded to management change especially of mature stands: Average tree size and stocking density of stands increased. On average the expanding biomass stock sequestered 18 tons C annually per km² (18 g C per m²). In comparison, the emissions of fossil carbon in the region were estimated at 12 tons C per km² (12 g C per m²) on average. However, fossil CO₂ emissions exceeded biomass sequestration in recent decades. The powerful and persistent expansion of the carbon stock was an unintended co-benefit of forestry, which was motivated by the intention to improve timber yield. On the more negative side the change in management introduced clear-cuts, and a loss of diverse elements of the pre-industrial biota.  相似文献   

Lipid metabolism and hyperlipidemia in dogs     

Panagiotis G. Xenoulis  Jörg M. Steiner 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2010,183(1):12-21

Lipid metabolism in dogs can be divided into exogenous and endogenous pathways and exhibits some unique characteristics compared to other species. Hyperlipidemia is common in dogs, and can be either primary or secondary to other diseases. Secondary hyperlipidemia is the most common form and can be a result of endocrine disorders, pancreatitis, cholestasis, protein-losing nephropathy, obesity, and high fat diets. Primary hyperlipidemia is less common and usually associated with certain breeds. Hypertriglyceridemia of Miniature Schnauzers is the most common type of primary hyperlipidemia in dogs in the United States, and appears to have a genetic basis although its etiology remains unknown. Possible complications of canine hyperlipidemia include pancreatitis, liver disease, atherosclerosis, ocular disease, and seizures. Management is achieved by administration of low fat diets with or without the administration of lipid-lowering agents such as omega-3 fatty acids, gemfibrozil, and niacin.  相似文献   

Leaching potential and decomposition of fluroxypyr in Swedish soils under field conditions     

Lars F. Bergstrm  Alec S. McGibbon  Steve R. Day  Marten Snel 《Pest management science》1990,29(4):405-417

The mobility and decomposition of the herbicide fluroxypyr (4-amino-3,5-dichloro-6-fluoro-2-pyridyloxyacetic acid) was studied under field conditions in a sandy soil and a clay soil. Leachate was collected in lysimeters with undisturbed soil (sand) and in tile-drained plots (clay). Soil samples to a depth of one metre were also collected in both soils to characterize the temporal depth distribution of fluroxypyr in the profiles. The herbicide was applied as the I-methylheptyl ester of fluroxypyr at two rates, 187.5 and 375.0 g a.e. ha^?1, representing the normal and double the dose of the compound used for spring cereals. Some lysimeters received supplementary watering. Only two leachate samples (one from each soil) had concentrations of fluroxypyr above the detection limit (1 μg litre^?1), i.e. 2 and 5 μg litre^?1. Both samples were collected within two months after application, when less than 2 mm of drainage had been collected. The methylheptyl ester of fluroxypyr was not found in any of the samples. Fluroxypyr levels above the detection limit in soil (5 μg kg^?1 dry soil), were never found below the topsoil (0.2 m) in the clay profile, while, in the sandy profile, levels just above the detection limit were found occasionally in deeper soil layers. Concentrations were reduced to undetectable or very low levels within three months after spraying.  相似文献   

Supports WesternU's approach to education     

Jöchle W 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2001,218(4):505-506

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Effects of supplemental alfalfa hay on the digestion of soybean hull-based diets by cattle     

Trater AM  Titgemeyer EC  Löest CA  Lambert BD 《Journal of animal science》2001,79(5):1346-1351

We evaluated the optimal level of alfalfa inclusion in soybean hull-based diets. In Exp. 1, 20 Holstein steers (319 kg of BW) were used in a complete block design. Treatments included a soybean hull mix (95.7% soybean hulls, 3% molasses, 0.5% urea, 0.8% mineral mix; DM basis) fed alone (100:0) or with 10.4, 20.7, or 30.9% (DM basis) coarsely chopped alfalfa hay (90:10, 80:20, and 70:30, respectively) or alfalfa alone (0:100). Diets were fed once daily at 1.75% (DM basis) of BW. In some cases, orts were present, which caused DM, OM, and NDF intakes to decrease (linear, P < 0.05) as alfalfa was added to the diets. Digestibilities of DM, OM, and NDF decreased linearly (P < 0.05) as alfalfa was added to the diets, but quadratic responses (P < 0.05) indicated that positive associative effects occurred between soybean hulls and alfalfa. Liquid dilution rates increased (linear, P < 0.05) with alfalfa additions to the diets and also demonstrated positive associative effects between soybean hulls and alfalfa (quadratic, P < 0.05). Solid passage rates were similar for 100:0 and 0:100 but were increased (quadratically and cubically, P < 0.05) when combinations of soybean hulls and alfalfa were fed. In Exp. 2, in vitro NDF digestibilities were measured for soybean hulls, alfalfa, and a blend of 85% soybean hulls and 15% alfalfa, each with no N source or supplemented with casein or urea to ascertain the effects of protein from alfalfa on digestibility. Disappearances were increased (P < 0.05) by addition of urea or casein, but no interactions between substrate and N supplement were observed. Addition of 30% alfalfa to diets consisting primarily of soybean hulls led to positive associative effects on diet digestibility, but alfalfa additions led to increased liquid and solid passage rates, suggesting that the benefit was not a result of slower passage of soybean hulls from the rumen.  相似文献   

Influence of long-time transportation stress on re-activation of Salmonella typhimurium DT104 in experimentally infected pigs     

Marg H  Scholz HC  Arnold T  Rösler U  Hensel A 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2001,114(9-10):385-388

In this study a Salmonella Typhimurium infection model in swine was used in order to investigate the influence of pre-mortal stress induced by long time period transportation on the re-activation of Salmonella in experimentally infected pigs. Salmonella free pigs were exposed to a highly virulent strain of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 by direct intragastrical administration. Clinical parameters were monitored and the shedding rate in faeces was qualitatively and quantitatively determined by standard bacteriological procedures for 21 days. The distribution of the challenge organism in 14 different internal organs of transported and nontransported animals was determined. All infected animals developed clinical signs of salmonellosis 12 to 24 hours post infection. About 88 to 100% of the fecal samples were culture-positive up to post exposure day 6, and then varied from 71 to 92% until slaughter, respectively. At necropsy S. Typhimurium was recovered most frequently from caecum and ileocolic lymph nodes (83%), colon (79%), palatine tonsils (71%) and mandibular lymph nodes (62.5%). A negative impact of transportation stress on the shedding rate and the general condition of the animals was observed.  相似文献   

Helminth findings in indigenous raccoon dogs Nyctereutes procyonoides (Gray, 1843)     

Thiess A  Schuster R  Nöckler K  Mix H 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2001,114(7-8):273-276

Internal organs of 74 racoon dogs originating from the eastern districts of the Federal Land Brandenburg were subjected to a complete helminthological dissection. In addition, samples of diaphragma muscles from 46 further animals were examined for Trichinella larvae. Altogether 3 trematode- (Alaria alata, Isthmiophora melis, Metorchis bilis), 3 cestode- (Mesocestoides sp., Echinococcus multilocularis, Taenia polyacantha) and 7 nematode species (Capillaria aerophila, C. plica, Trichinella spiralis, Uncinaria stenocephala, Molineus patens, Crenosoma vulpis, Toxocara canis) could be identified. Thereby, the racoon dog has a comparable helminth spectrum as well known in red foxes. Differences in the frequency of the occurrence of helminths in both hosts can be explained by different food preferences.  相似文献