Strong in vitro antagonism by elm xylem endophytes is not accompanied by temporally stable in planta protection against a vascular pathogen under field conditions     

Juan A. Martín  David Macaya-Sanz  Johanna Witzell  Kathrin Blumenstein  Luis Gil 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2015,142(1):185-196

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Absorption,translocation and metabolism of bispyribac‐sodium on rice seedlings under cold stress          下载免费PDF全文

Luiz Fernando D Martini  Nilda R Burgos  José Alberto Noldin  Luis Antonio de Avila  Reiofeli A Salas 《Pest management science》2015,71(7):1021-1029

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First report of Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean (Q biotype) species in Brazil          下载免费PDF全文

Leonardo da Fonseca Barbosa  Valdir Atsushi Yuki  Julio Massaharu Marubayashi  Bruno Rossitto De Marchi  Fernando Luis Perini  Marcelo Agenor Pavan  Danielle Ribeiro de Barros  Murad Ghanim  Enrique Moriones  Jesus Navas‐Castillo  Renate Krause‐Sakate 《Pest management science》2015,71(4):501-504

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Yessotoxin,a Promising Therapeutic Tool     

Amparo Alfonso  Mercedes R. Vieytes  Luis M. Botana 《Marine drugs》2016,14(2)

Yessotoxin (YTX) is a polyether compound produced by dinoflagellates and accumulated in filter feeding shellfish. No records about human intoxications induced by this compound have been published, however it is considered a toxin. Modifications in second messenger levels, protein levels, immune cells, cytoskeleton or activation of different cellular death types have been published as consequence of YTX exposure. This review summarizes the main intracellular pathways modulated by YTX and their pharmacological and therapeutic implications.  相似文献   

Characterization,specificity and sensibility of produced anti-<Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhamdia quelen</Emphasis> vitellogenin in Brazilian fish species     

Daniele Dietrich Moura Costa  Dandie Antunes Bozza  Luiz Eduardo Rizzo  Juan Garcia  Michele Dietrich Moura Costa  Ciro Alberto de Oliveira Ribeiro 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2016,42(6):1721-1732

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are widespread used and can interfere on hormone regulation with adverse consequences for both biota and human. Vitellogenin (vtg) is a yolk precursor protein synthesized by the liver in response to estrogen. In order to characterize the vtg of tropical fish Rhamdia quelen and establish a molecular biomarker, adult male individuals were exposed to 17-β-estradiol (E₂) for vtg induction and anti-R. quelen vtg polyclonal antibodies production. Vitellogenic female fish were used as positive control group. E₂-induced vtg was characterized as a glycolipophosphoprotein of high molecular mass with peptide mass fingerprint very similar in E₂-exposed male and vitellogenic female fish. A polyclonal serum containing anti-R. quelen vtg antibodies was produced and showed high specificity and sensibility to detect the vtg of three fish species: R. quelen, Piaractus mesopotamicus and Prochilodus lineatus. Wildlife and laboratory studies reported that EDCs released into the environment may alter the levels of plasma vtg in male fish, making this protein a valuable biomarker of xenoestrogens exposure. Then, we propose the use of anti-R. quelen vtg as a tool for biomonitoring studies and water quality assessment in Brazil and South American countries where the three fish species occur.  相似文献   

Operational interactions between South American sea lions and gillnet fishing in southern Brazil          下载免费PDF全文

Paulo Henrique Ott  Ignacio Benites Moreno  Daniel Danilewicz  Maurício Tavares  Enrique Alberto Crespo  Salvatore Siciliano  Larissa Rosa De Oliveira 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2016,26(1):108-120

Coupling an oceanographic model to a Fishery Observing System through mixed models: the importance of fronts for anchovy in the Adriatic Sea          下载免费PDF全文

Piera Carpi  Michela Martinelli  Andrea Belardinelli  Aniello Russo  Enrico Arneri  Alessandro Coluccelli  Alberto Santojanni 《Fisheries Oceanography》2015,24(6):521-532

Anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus, forms the basis of Italian small pelagic fisheries in the Adriatic Sea. The strong dependence of this stock on environmental factors and the consequent high variability makes the dynamics of this species particularly complicated to model. Weekly geo‐referenced catch data of anchovy obtained by means of a Fishery Observing System (FOS) from 2005 to 2011 were referred to a 0.2 × 0.2 degree grid (about 20 km²) and associated with the environmental parameters calculated by a Regional Ocean Modelling System, AdriaROMS. Generalized Additive Mixed Models (GAMM) with and without random effects were used to identify a relationship between abundance in the catch and oceanographic conditions. The outcomes of models with no random effects, with random vessel effects and with the random vessel and random week‐of‐the‐year effects were examined. The GAMM incorporating a random vessel and week‐of‐the‐year effect were selected as the best model on the basis of the Akaike information criteria (AIC). This model indicated that catches (abundance) of anchovy in the Adriatic Sea correlate well with low temperatures, salinity fronts and sea surface height, and allowed the identification of areas where high concentrations of this species are most likely to occur. The results of this study demonstrate that GAMM are a useful tool to combine geo‐referenced catch data with oceanographic variables and that the use of a mixed‐model approach with spatial and temporal random effects is an effective way to depict the dynamics of marine species.  相似文献   

Investigation of insecticidal activity of rye α-amylase inhibitor gene expressed in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) toward cotton boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis)     

Simoni Campos Dias  Maria Cristina Mattar da Silva  Edson Luis Zangrando Figueira  Osmundo Brilhante de Oliveira-Neto  Loaiane Alves de Lima  Maria Fátima Grossi-de-Sa 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2010,98(1):39-4821

Innumerable proteinaceous α-amylase inhibitors have been isolated and identified from different plant species. Among them, an α-amylase inhibitor gene with bioinsecticidal potential toward Anthonomus grandis (cotton boll weevil) was previously identified in rye seeds (Secale cereale). This cereal inhibitor was expressed in tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum) under control of phytohemaglutinin promoter by using Agrobacterium tumefasciens - mediated transformation. Presence of αBIII-rye gene and further protein expression were confirmed by PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. Immunological assays indicated that the recombinant inhibitor was expressed in concentration range from 0.1% to 0.28% (w:w) of the total protein in tobacco seeds of R₀ plants. From 14 independent transformants, five plants with expression levels between 0.20% and 0.28% in seeds were in vitro assayed against A. grandis amylolytic enzymes causing clear inhibition. Moreover, bioassays using transgenic seed flour mixture for artificial diet produced 74% mortality in A. grandis first larval instar. These data suggest that rye inhibitor could be a promising biotechnological tool for produce transgenic cotton plants with an increased resistance to cotton boll weevil. Moreover, αBIII-rye gene should be considered a potential compound for a pyramiding strategy aiming to delay insect-resistance.  相似文献   

Molecular Typing of Mycobacterium bovis Isolates in Argentina: First Description of a Person‐to‐Person Transmission Case     

I. Etchechoury  G. Echeverría Valencia  N. Morcillo  M. D. Sequeira  B. Imperiale  M. López  K. Caimi  M. J. Zumárraga  A. Cataldi  M. I. Romano 《Zoonoses and public health》2010,57(6):375-381

Bovine tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium bovis, a mycobacterium highly similar to M. tuberculosis that belongs to the M. tuberculosis complex. The main host of M. bovis is cattle but it also affects many other mammalians including humans. Tuberculosis in humans caused by either M. bovis or M. tuberculosis is clinically hard to distinguish. During 2004–2005, samples from 448 patients with diagnosis of TB were collected from different regions of Argentina. The PRA technique identified 400 isolates with representative patterns of mycobacterium. The predominant ones were the M. tuberculosis complex, the M. avium–M. intracellulare complex and M. gordonae. Samples with M. tuberculosis complex PRA restriction profiles were analyzed with a multiplex PCR to differentiate between M. tuberculosis and M. bovis. Multiplex PCR identified nine M. bovis. The results allowed the possibility to establish that 2% of pulmonary tuberculosis was due to M. bovis. Isolates of M. bovis from humans were examined using spoligotyping. These isolates presented five different spoligotypes. The main spoligotype was also the most frequently one found in cattle. The remaining human spoligotypes (grouped in clusters) are occasionally found in cattle. Variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis identified five different patterns. By combining the results of spoligotyping and VNTR analysis, we were able to differentiate seven M. bovis isolates. The remaining two M. bovis samples showed the same spoligotype and VNTR profile and belonged to household contacts. An MDR‐M. bovis was isolated from the samples of these household contacts. The identification of two epidemiologically linked cases of human M. bovis infection suggests person‐to‐person transmission of an MDR‐M. bovis.  相似文献   

Leaf Traits as Functional Descriptors of the Intensity of Continuous Grazing in Native Grasslands in the South of Brazil     

Pablo Cruz  Fernando Luis F. De Quadros  Jean Pierre Theau  Adriana Frizzo  Claire Jouany  Michel Duru  Paulo Cesar F. Carvalho 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2010,63(3):350-358

Plant functional types (PFT) have been used to describe the response of native vegetation to environmental factors (i.e., fertility) and to livestock disturbance, but rarely under conditions of continuous grazing. In this work we investigate whether the long-term response of grassland communities submitted to a gradient of continuous grazing pressure can be described with such an approach. After 15 yr of differentiation of the grazing pressure applied to native grasslands we measured leaf dry-matter content (LDMC) and specific leaf area (SLA) of Poaceae populations of the communities. A grazing pressure gradient was created by levels of daily forage allowance: 4, 8, 12, and 16 kg of dry matter per day per 100 kg of animal live weight, monitored monthly. PFTs were defined by numerical analysis, where an algorithm finds the optimal trait subset based on the agreement between matrices of species × traits, paddocks × grass biomass, and environmental variables (levels of forage allowance and soil characteristics). The results show that it is possible to describe a gradient of grazing pressure by means of LDMC and/or SLA measured only on the Poacea contributing at least 80% of the total Poaceae biomass. Four PFTs were differentiated by these leaf traits. PFTs having low LDMC and high SLA are characteristic of high intensity of use and are made up largely of stoloniferous C₄ species typical of rapid resource capture strategies. Conversely, PFTs characterized by high LDMC and low SLA include species that are representative of low grazing pressure. Variations in the aggregate value of traits are due to changes in the species proportions and not to leaf-size adaptation as hypothesized. We conclude than in the absence of a gradient of fertility, plants with strategies of resource capture tend to be more represented under high grazing pressures. This situation results in a loss of functional diversity, but in particular a reduction in forage availability, which is incompatible with high animal production.  相似文献