CHEMICAL STUDIES OF PODZOLIC ILLUVIAL HORIZONS     

A. E. MARTIN 《European Journal of Soil Science》1960,11(2):382-393

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Is there a role of ocean environment in American and European eel decline?   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

MARTIN CASTONGUAY  PETER V. HODSON  CHRISTOPHER MORIARTY  KENNETH F. DRINKWATER  BRIAN M. JESSOP 《Fisheries Oceanography》1994,3(3):197-203

American eel (Anguilla rostrata) recruitment has declined dramatically, in parallel with that of European eel (Anguilla anguilla). Since both species spawn in the Sargasso Sea and migrate as larvae to continental waters, the coincidence in recruitment failure implies an Atlantic-wide cause, due perhaps to ocean climate. There is indirect evidence that the Gulf Stream has weakened in the 1980s. A slower Gulf Stream could interfere with larval transport and generate observed patterns of declining abundance of American eel only in northern North America and relatively uniform declines of European eel throughout Europe. While specific causes are still unclear, these data indicate a threat to both species and to their commercial fisheries.  相似文献   

MICROMETEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS IN AN AFFORESTED AREA IN ABERDEENSHIRE: RAINFALL CHARACTERISTICS     

J. MARTIN ARANDA  J. R. H. COUTTS 《European Journal of Soil Science》1963,14(1):124-133

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CHEMICAL STUDIES ON PODZOLIC ILLUVIAL HORIZONS     

A. E. MARTIN  R. REEVE 《European Journal of Soil Science》1957,8(2):268-278

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THE MEASUREMENT AND MECHANISM OF ION DIFFUSION IN SOILS III. THE EFFECT OF MOISTURE CONTENT AND SOIL-SOLUTION CONCENTRATION ON THE SELF-DIFFUSION OF IONS IN SOILS   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

D. L. ROWELL  M. W. MARTIN  P. H. NYE 《European Journal of Soil Science》1967,18(2):204-221

The self-diffusion coefficients of Cl, Na, Sr and phosphate have been measured in Upper Greensand, sandy clay loam (CEC 7.45 me/100 g.) between pF 1.8 and 5.4 and, for Na and phosphate, over a range of soil-solution concentrations. An attempt has been made to estimate the relative contributions of solution- and exchangeable-ions to diffusion. There is some indication that exchangeable Na may contribute to diffusion at the lowest moisture contents used, but little indication of this at pF 2.1 (15 per cent moisture content) when the proportion of ions on the solid was as high as possible. Exchangeable Sr appears to make no significant contribution to diffusion at any moisture content when the soil-solution concentration is 0.1M. Exchangeable phosphate appears to make no contribution to diffusion at pF 2.1 between 5 × 10^?6M and 9 × 10^?4M.  相似文献   

A natural infection of sheep with Ostertagia ostertagi     

MG O''CALLAGHAN  RR MARTIN  IJ McFARLAND 《Australian veterinary journal》1992,69(1):19-20

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Hemodynamic Effects of Epidural Ketamine in Isoflurane-Anesthetized Dogs     

DAVID D. MARTIN DVM    WILLIAM J. TRANQUILLI DVM  MS  DACVA    WILLIAM A. OLSON MS  PHD    JOHN C. THURMON DVM  MS  DACVA  G. JOHN BENSON DVM  MS  DACVA 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1997,26(6):505-509

Objective —The purpose of this study was to determine the hemodynamic effects of epidural ketamine administered during isoflurane anesthesia in dogs. Study Design —Prospective, single-dose trial. Animals —Six healthy dogs (five males, one female) weighing 25.3 ± 3.88 kg. Methods —Once anesthesia was induced, dogs were maintained at 1.5 times the predetermined, individual minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane. Dogs were instrumented and allowed to stabilize for 30 minutes before baseline measurements were recorded. Injection of 2 mg/kg of ketamine in 1 mL saline/4.5 kg body weight was then performed at the lumbosacral epidural space. Hemodynamic data were recorded at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, and 75 minutes after epidural ketamine injection. Statistical analysis included an analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures over time. All data were compared with baseline values. A P < .05 was considered significant. Results —Baseline values ±standard error of the mean (X ± SEM) for heart rate, mean arterial pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure, central venous pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, cardiac index, stroke index, systemic vascular resistance, pulmonary vascular resistance, and rate-pressure product were 108 ± 6 beats/min, 85 ± 10 mm Hg, 10 ± 2 mm Hg, 3 ± 1 mm Hg, 5 ± 2 mm Hg, 2.3 ± 0.3 L/min/m², 21.4 ± 1.9 mL/beat/m², 3386 ± 350 dynes/sec/cm⁵, 240 ± 37 dynes/sec/cm⁵, and 12376 ± 1988 beats/min±mm Hg. No significant differences were detected from baseline values at any time after ketamine injection. Conclusions —The epidural injection of 2 mg/kg of ketamine is associated with minimal hemodynamic effects during isoflurane anesthesia. Clinical Relevance —These results suggest that if epidural ketamine is used for analgesia in dogs, it will induce minimal changes in cardiovascular function.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics of cephalexin in cats after oral administration of the antibiotic in tablet and paste preparations   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

JR THORNTON  PJ MARTIN 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(6):439-440

Objective To determine the bioequivalence of a paste formulation of cephalexin with that of the tablet form.
Design A two-way cross-over study.
Animals Ten adult cats of mixed breed.
Procedure The cats, randomly allocated to two groups, received either the paste preparation or the tablet orally at 12-hour intervals for 48 h before a 12-hour blood collection period. Two weeks later the treatments were reversed and the blood sampling repeated. The serum concentrations of the antibiotic were determined. The pharmacokinetic factors were analysed using a computer.
Results There were no significant differences between the peak concentration of cephalexin, or the other pharmacokinetic factors obtained from the tablet and paste formulations. The serum profiles of cephalexin following four 12-hourly doses of each formulation were similar with the peak serum values occurring at approximately 2 h after administration.
Conclusion The paste formulation and the tablet form are bioequivalent.  相似文献   

Field evaluation of a mixture of albendazole sulphoxide and levamisole against Ostertagia and Trichostrongylus spp in sheep     

N. ANDERSON  PJ MARTIN  RG JARRETT† 《Australian veterinary journal》1991,68(4):133-136

The efficacy of a mixture of albendazole sulphoxide and levamisole, 3.6 and 8.25 mg/kg respectively, at single and double dose rates, was compared with the recommended dose rate of each anthelmintic alone. The comparison was conducted on groups of 6 to 14-week-old lambs on 22 farms, 16 of which had evidence of multiple resistance to benzimidazole and levamisole. A single dose of the mixture reduced mean egg counts by 95% on half the farms with multiple resistance and on all the remaining farms. Consequently, the mixture should be included in an assessment of effective anthelmintics on farms to determine its value for nematode control. A double dose rate of mixture was effective on all but 4 farms. Reductions caused by the mixture were due to the additive actions of the drugs on 18 of 22 farms; synergistic action was noted on only 3 farms. It was concluded that the mixture of albendazole sulphoxide and levamisole offered many farmers an effective anthelmintic for use in preventive control programs. Recommendations for such programs include annual rotation of effective anthelmintics as a means of delaying selection for drug resistance.  相似文献   

Effect of different intervals between dosing and feeding on systemic availability of penicillin V in dogs     

A. D.J. WATSON  D. R. EMSLIE  I. C. A. MARTIN 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1987,10(1):90-95

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