Reply to Suspension Trauma and Rhabdomyolysis     

Roger B. Mortimer MD  David R. Wharton MD 《The Forestry Chronicle》2011,22(3):287-288

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Interactions between 14C-labelled atrazine and the soil microbial biomass in relation to herbicide degradation     

G. Ghani  D. A. Wardle  A. Rahman  D. R. Lauren 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1996,21(1-2):17-22

A laboratory incubation experiment was set up to determine the effects of atrazine herbicide on the size and activity of the soil microbial biomass. This experiment was of a factorial design (0, 5, and 50 g g^–1 soil of non-labelled atrazine and 6.6×10³ Bq g^–1 soil of ¹⁴C-labelled atrazine) x (0, 20, and 100 g g^–1 soil of urea-N) x (pasture or arable soil with a previous history of atrazine application). Microbial biomass, measured by substrate-induced respiration and the fumigation-incubation method, basal respiration, incorporation of ¹⁴C into the microbial biomass, degradation of atrazine, and ¹⁴C remaining in soil were monitored over 81 days. The amount of microbial biomass was unaffected by atrazine although atrazine caused a significant enhancement of CO₂ release in the non-fumigated controls. Generally, the amounts of atrazine incorporated into the microbial biomass were negligible, indicating that microbial incorporation of C from atrazine is not an important mechanism of herbicide breakdown. Depending on the type of soil and the rate of atrazine application, 18–65% of atrazine was degraded by the end of the experiment. Although the pasture soil had twice the amount of microbial biomass as the arable soil, and the addition of urea approximately doubled the microbial biomass, this did not significantly enhance the degradation of atrazine. This suggests that degradation of atrazine is largely independent of the size of the microbial biomass and suggests that other factors (e.g., solubility, chemical hydrolysis) regulate atrazine breakdown. A separate experiment conducted to determine total amounts of ¹⁴C-labelled atrazine converted into CO₂ by pasture and arable soils showed that less than 25% of the added ¹⁴C-labelled atrazine was oxidised to ¹⁴CO₂ during a 15-week period. The rate of degradation was significantly greater in the arable soil at 24%, compared to 18% in the pasture soil. This indicates that soil microbes with previous exposure to atrazine can degrade the applied atrazine at a faster rate.  相似文献   

Growth and fatty acid composition of sesame (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Sesamum indicum</Emphasis> L.) genotypes as influence by planting dates and nitrogen fertilization in semiarid region of Northwest,Pakistan     

Shahzad Ali  Amanullah Jan  Jia Zhikuan  Amir Sohail  Cai Tie  Wei Ting  Zhang Peng  Manzoor  Irshad Ahmad  Mati Ur Rahman  Ren Xiaolong  Liu Xiaoli  Xu Yue Yue 《Russian Agricultural Sciences》2016,42(3-4):224-229

A field experiment was conducted on silty clay loam soil in the years 2011–2012. Two sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivars (Local Black and Local White) were evaluated using various 3 different sowing dates (20th June, 10th and 30th July) and four agrotechnical level (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N ha^–1) at New Developmental Farm The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sowing dates on growth, yield and oil fatty acid composition of two sesame cultivars grown under different nitrogen fertilization. Results showed that cv. Local Black was characterized by significantly higher content of oil (47%), seed yield (696 kg ha^–1) and oil yield (335 kg ha^–1) while cv. Local White had higher palmitic acid (8%) and linoleic acid (38.7%). Yield and its main components were positively affected by the earlier sowing date. With regard to fatty acid composition, a decrease in oleic and stearic acid and an increase in linoleic and palmitic acid were observed. At early sowing, oleic and palmitic acid decreased whereas linoleic and stearic acid increased. The decrease in the oleic/linoleic acid ratio observed at early sowing, suggests a possible role of temperature on the activity of oleate desaturase in the developing seeds. Intensive technology of cultivation (120 kg N ha^–1), compared to the economical technology (40 kg N ha^–1), significantly increased the seed yield of both sesame cultivars. This was due to higher number of branches, Capsules m^–2, capsules plant^–1, seeds capsule^–1 and 1000 seed weight (g). The intensive technology of cultivation had a beneficial effect on the content of palmitic acid, linolenic acid and oleic acid in sesame seed.  相似文献   

Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology     

Scherer SW  Cheung J  MacDonald JR  Osborne LR  Nakabayashi K  Herbrick JA  Carson AR  Parker-Katiraee L  Skaug J  Khaja R  Zhang J  Hudek AK  Li M  Haddad M  Duggan GE  Fernandez BA  Kanematsu E  Gentles S  Christopoulos CC  Choufani S  Kwasnicka D  Zheng XH  Lai Z  Nusskern D  Zhang Q  Gu Z  Lu F  Zeesman S  Nowaczyk MJ  Teshima I  Chitayat D  Shuman C  Weksberg R  Zackai EH  Grebe TA  Cox SR  Kirkpatrick SJ  Rahman N  Friedman JM  Heng HH  Pelicci PG  Lo-Coco F  Belloni E  Shaffer LG  Pober B  Morton CC  Gusella JF  Bruns GA  Korf BR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,300(5620):767-772

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In vitro maturation and fertilization of prepubertal and pubertal black Bengal goat oocytes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Momena Khatun  Mohammad Musharraf Uddin Bhuiyan  Jalal Uddin Ahmed  Aminul Haque  Mohammad Bozlur Rahman  Mohammed Shamsuddin 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2011,12(1):75-82

Oocytes retrieval, in vitro maturation (IVM) and fertilization (IVF) efficiency are inevitable steps towards in vitro production of embryos. In the present study, these parameters were investigated in the ovaries of prepubertal (n = 31) and pubertal (n = 61) black Bengal goats obtained from a slaughterhouse. Nuclear maturation was evaluated upon aspiration and following IVM in TCM-199 (Earle''s salt with L-glutamine and sodium bicarbonate) for 27 h at 39℃ under 5% CO₂ in humidified air. The oocytes retrieval and efficiency (mean ± SD) per prepubertal and pubertal goats were 5.2 ± 0.6 and 6.8 ± 0.6, and 77.3 ± 0.1% and 80.5 ± 0.6%, respectively. Anaphase I - telophase I stages differed significantly (7.3 ± 0.8 vs. 2.6 ± 0.2, p < 0.05) between the two groups of goats. After IVM, the percentages of metaphase II were significantly higher (66.3 vs. 60.3, p < 0.05) in pubertal goats than in their prepubertal counterparts. The percentages of normal in vitro fertilization (IVF) in Fert-Tyrode''s albumin lactate pyruvate of pubertal goat oocytes did not differ between Percoll and swim-up sperm separation methods (36.7 ± 0.9% vs. 32.7 ± 1.3%, p > 0.05). Furthermore, sperm capacitation by heparin alone or in combination with ionomycin did not lead to a significant increase in the normal fertilization rate (34.8 ± 1.7 vs. 32.2 ± 1.5%, respectively) in the oocytes of pubertal goats. In conclusion, the ovaries of pubertal black Bengal goats obtained from the slaughterhouse could be used for in vitro embryo production. However, further optimization of the IVM and IVF techniques are necessary for satisfactory in vitro embryo production.  相似文献   

Extended glucuronidation is another major path of cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside metabolism in rats     

Ichiyanagi T  Shida Y  Rahman MM  Hatano Y  Konishi T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(18):7312-7319

We previously determined that five rather hydrophobic metabolites appeared in blood plasma after oral administration of cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, but a group of hydrophilic metabolites still remained unidentified. In the present study, 12 hydrophilic metabolites found were collected from urine and plasma samples by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and then analyzed by tandem MS spectrometry. From the MS spectra, four metabolites out of 12 were assigned as glucuronides of cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and six out of 12 were glucuronides of the primary metabolites of cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (O-methyl cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside). Extended glucuronides of cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and O-methyl cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside showed their maximum plasma concentrations at 15 and 60 min (or 30 min) after oral administration, respectively. Their maximum plasma concentrations ranged from 15 to 70 nM. From the profile of urinary-excreted anthocyanins after intravenous administration, it was deduced that extended glucuronides of cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and O-methyl cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside were mainly produced in the liver rather than by intestinal flora. The area under the plasma concentration curve was 0.25 micromol min/L for extended glucuronides of cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and 0.14 micromol min/L for O-methyl cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, respectively, when evaluated as cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside equivalent, indicating that extended glucuronidation is a critical pathway in cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside metabolism in rats.  相似文献   

A COMPARISON OF MANUAL AND AUTOMATIC ULTRASOUND-GUIDED BIOPSY TECHNIQUES     

FREDRIK E. HOPPE  DVM  PHD  DAVE A. HAGER  DVM    PAUL W. POULOS  JR.  DVM PHD  STINA EKMAN  DVM    P. G. LINDGREN  MD  PHD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1986,27(4):99-101

A manual, ultrasound-guided biopsy technique was compared to a new automatic method using a new biopsy device. The liver and the left kidney of 10 dogs were biopsied using the two methods. The specimens from the biopsies were compared for size and quality. Results demonstrate that larger and higher quality samples were obtained with the new automatic method.  相似文献   

REGIONAL BINDING INDEX OF THE RADIOLABELED SELECTIVE 5-HT2A ANTAGONIST ¹²³I-5-I-R91150 IN THE NORMAL CANINE BRAIN IMAGED WITH SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY     

K. Peremans  DVM  K. Audenaert  MD  PHD  F. Coopman  DVM  F. Jacobs  PHD  F. Dumont  PHD  G. Slegers  PHD  F. Verschooten  DVM  H. Van Bree    DVM  PHD  J. Mertens  PHD  R. Dierckx  MD  PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2003,44(3):344-351

The pattern of the specific 5-HT2A (5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor) antagonist 123I-5-I-R91150 was measured in 10 healthy dogs without neurologic and behavior abnormalities. Eight cortical regions (left and right fronto-, temporo-, parieto-, and occipitocortical area), one global subcortical region (including the thalamic system) were compared with a reference region lacking receptors; that is, the cerebellum. The 123I labeled radioligand was injected intravenously 100-200 minutes before acquisition. Both transmission and emission data were obtained with a triple head gamma camera equipped with high-resolution fanbeam collimators. The emission data were corrected for scatter and attenuation. To delineate different cerebral regions more accurately, the regions of interest (ROI) defined in a former study on brain perfusion measured with 99mTc-ethyl cysteinate dimer (ECD) in the same dogs were used. The co-registration of the 99mTc-ECD and the 123I-5-I-R91150, obtained from each dog, was realized with the help of corresponding transmission maps. By normalizing each regional cerebral activity to the activity observed in the cerebellum, the regional radioactivity (binding index) could be relatively quantified. Highest brain uptake was noted in the frontocortical brain areas (right: 1.85, left: 1.89), followed by the temporocortical region (right: 1.58, left: 1.56). Least uptake was noted in the more caudal and middle brain regions [occipito- (right: 1.46, left: 1.41), parietocortical (right: 1.30, left: 1.26), and striatal region (1.19)]. No gender nor age influence was noted in this series. The 123I labeled serotonin-2A receptor ligand seems to have similar cortical binding in the normal canine brain, as shown in humans and other animal species. A frontocortical to occipitocortical (rostrocaudal) binding index gradient was identified within the dog, which has not been seen in imaging studies from humans and other animal species. The significance of these results will need further investigation. This normative data can be used to compare regional brain uptake of the 123I-radioligand to dogs with behavioral disorders related to the serotonergic system, in future studies.  相似文献   

Monoclonal Antibody C219 Immunohistochemistry Against P-Glycoprotein: Sequential Analysis and Predictive Ability in Dogs With Lymphoma   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Philip J. Bergman DVM  MPH  MD    Gregory K. Ogilvie  Barbara E. Powers 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1996,10(6):354-359

In the present study, the prevalence of positive staining for P-glycoprotein using C219 monoclonal antibody was assessed in 58 tissue samples of high-grade lymphoma from dogs before initiation of chemotherapy. Samples were also evaluated at relapse in 22 dogs, at necropsy in 34 dogs, and at all 3 times in 15 dogs. The frequency of positive staining was significantly higher than that found prior to the initiation of chemotherapy at the following times: relapse ( P = .0001), necropsy ( P < .0001), and both relapse and necropsy ( P < .001, sequential data). The frequency of positive staining prior to the initiation of chemotherapy was significantly inversely related to remission ( P < .001) and survival times ( P = .0012). Similarly, when populations below and above the median initial C219 score were compared with respect to remission and survival times, the population with scores greater than the median had significantly lower remission ( P < .001) and survival ( P = .008) times, respectively. The frequency of positive staining determined at relapse was significantly inversely related to the time from relapse to death ( P = .0102). Similarly, when populations below and above the median relapse C219 score were compared with respect to the time from relapse to death, the population with C219 scores greater than the median had a significantly lower time from relapse to death ( P = .006). It appears that this immunohistochemical methodology may be used as a predictor of remission time, survival time, and the time from relapse to death. Additional studies are required to confirm the usefulness of C219 as a true marker of P-glycoprotein and to evaluate P-glycoprotein as a useful prognostic factor in dogs with lymphoma.  相似文献   

Development of a Free Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Flap in Cats     

STACEY A. NICOLL DVM  MVSc    J. DAVID FOWLER DVM  MVSc  Diplomate ACVS    AUDREY M. REMEDIOS DVM  MVSc  Diplomate ACVS    J. BRIAN CLAPSON MD  FRCS  D. GEORGE MD  FRCPC 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1996,25(1):40-48

Anatomic and experimental evaluation of the feline latissimus dorsi muscle was performed to assess its potential use as a free muscle flap. In the anatomic study, nonselective angiography of the subscapular artery was performed in nine heparinized feline cadavers. The muscle dimensions and vascular anatomy of the dissected latissimus dorsi muscle were recorded. In the experimental study four cats underwent heterotopic transplantation of a partial latissimus dorsi flap, and three cats underwent orthotopic transplantation of a complete latissimus dorsi flap. The mean length and width of the latissimus dorsi muscle was 19.0 and 5.4 cm, respectively. The dominant vascular pedicle was the thoracodorsal artery and vein. The average length and diameter of the thoracodorsal artery was 2.7 cm and 0.6 mm, respectively. Minor vascular pedicles were provided by branches of the intercostal arteries. Numerous choke anastomoses existed between the two pedicle systems. Viability of muscle flaps based on subjective evaluation, angiography, and histopathology, was 66% and 100% in the heterotopic and orthotopic studies, respectively. Flap failure seemed to be caused by both arterial and venous thrombosis. The latissimus dorsi muscle flap met criteria required for application in microvascular reconstruction. The vascular pattern was appropriate and consistent. Donor site morbidity was low, whereas surgical accessibility was high. The muscle satisfied the physical criteria of a free flap. Long-term anastomotic patency and flap viability was shown.  相似文献