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Kazunari USHIDA Takahiro SEGAWA Sayaka TSUCHIDA Koichi MURATA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2016,78(2):251-257
Preservation of indigenous gastrointestinal microbiota is deemed to be critical for successful captive
breeding of endangered wild animals, yet its biology is poorly understood. Here, we investigated cecal
bacterial communities in wild Japanese rock ptarmigans (Lagopus muta japonica) and compared
them with those in Svalbard rock ptarmigans (L. m. hyperborea) in captivity. Ultra-deep
sequencing of 16S rRNA gene indicated that the community structure of cecal microbiota in wild rock ptarmigans
was remarkably different from that in captive Svalbard rock ptarmigans. Fundamental differences between
bacterial communities in the two groups of birds were detected at the phylum level. Firmicutes,
Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Synergistetes were the major phyla detected in wild Japanese rock
ptarmigans, whereas Firmicutes alone occupied more than 80% of abundance in captive Svalbard rock ptarmigans.
Furthermore, unclassified genera of Coriobacteriaceae, Synergistaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Actinomycetaceae,
Veillonellaceae and Clostridiales were the major taxa detected in wild individuals, whereas in zoo-reared
birds, major genera were Ruminococcus, Blautia, Faecalibacterium and
Akkermansia. Zoo-reared birds seemed to lack almost all rock ptarmigan-specific bacteria in
their intestine, which may explain the relatively high rate of pathogenic infections affecting them. We show
evidence that preservation and reconstitution of indigenous cecal microflora are critical for successful
ex situ conservation and future re-introduction plan for the Japanese rock ptarmigan. 相似文献
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Norio KONDO Yuki KOBAYASHI Futoshi SAKUMA Shohei FUJITA Kippei MURATA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2002,68(4):284-291
The distribution of two races (1 and 2) of Phialophora gregata f. sp. adzukicola, the causal agent of brown stem rot of adzuki bean, was examined using a total of 483 isolates obtained from 39 fields in
19 locations on Hokkaido, Japan between 1997 and 1999. Race 1 was predominant (416 isolates or 86.1%) in the commercial fields
tested. Race 2 was found in 25 fields (64.1%), including two fields of cultivar Kita-no-otome (resistant to race 1, but susceptible
to race 2), indicating that race 2 was widely distributed in most of the production areas in Hokkaido. Using amplified fragment
length polymorphisms (AFLP), a total of 67 polymorphic AFLP markers was recorded among 72 representative isolates (37 and
35 isolates of races 1 and 2, respectively), and 57 distinct haplotypes were detected. Cluster analysis revealed no close
correlation between races and AFLP groups. Thus, no difference was observed between values of gene diversity in each race
(0.253 and 0.284 in races 1 and 2, respectively), and the coefficient of gene differentiation was very low (G
ST
=0.015). Gene differentiation between both races by analysis of molecular variance was not significantly different from zero
(Φ=−0.001; p=0.403). However, the results of gene differentiation among regional populations (G
ST
=0.290, Φ=0.292; p<0.001) are not necessarily consistent with the result that isolates from the same district were generally not tightly clustered.
Received 15 April 2002/ Accepted in revised form 6 September 2002 相似文献
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Noha SAYED Ikue MURATA Osama ABDALLA Omnia KILANY Amina DESSOUKI Kazuaki SASAKI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(10):1597
Previous studies reported that diabetes alters the activities of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, which, in turn, affects the disposition of some drugs. We herein examined and compared the effects of the combination of dapagliflozin with a low insulin dose, a full dose of insulin alone, and dapagliflozin alone for 3 and 8 weeks on CYP activities in a diabetes type 1 rat model. We induced type 1 diabetes in rats using a single intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). Daily treatment with the full dose of insulin alone, dapagliflozin alone, or dapagliflozin in combination with a low dose of insulin was then initiated. STZ-induced rats developed marked hyperglycemia and altered CYP2E activities. Dapagliflozin in combination with a low dose of insulin stabilized hyperglycemia and CYP1A, 2D, 2E and 3A activities. However, dapagliflozin alone did not improve blood glucose levels or CYP activities. These results suggest that the effects of dapagliflozin in combination with a low dose of insulin are similar to those of a full dose of insulin, and stabilize CYP activities in type 1 diabetes. 相似文献
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Fuminosuke YAMAMURA Tomochika SUGIURA Montgomery MUNBY Yusei SHIOKURA Ryo MURATA Tomohiro NAKAMURA Jumpei FUJIKI Hidetomo IWANO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(3):420
Although Escherichia coli is a commensal bacterium of the bovine vaginal microbiota, it is an important pathogenic bacterium that causes diseases of the reproductive tract and sub-fertility. Recent studies have focused on virulence factors (VFs) of intrauterine E. coli; however, actual endometrial VFs have not been clearly identified. The purpose of this study was to identify the VFs of E. coli associated with clinical metritis and endometritis. Thirty-two strains of E. coli and four mixed Trueperella pyogenes (TP) strains were detected in the uterus of 19 Holstein dairy cows with obvious clinical signs (between 8 and 66 days postpartum). The presence of six E. coli VFs (fimH, fyuA, kpsMTII, hra1, csgA, and astA) was examined by PCR, and clinical signs and reproductive performance (mixed TP, the percentage of polymorphonuclear neutrophils [PMN%], days to uterine involution, etc.) were evaluated. Four VFs (fimH, hra1, csgA, and astA) were detected in all E. coli strains, whereas fyuA and kpsMTII were detected in 94% and 50% of strains, respectively. Cows with E. coli strains harboring kpsMTII exhibited significantly severe clinical scores (vaginal discharge score, PMN%, uterine involution), suggesting that kpsMTII is a key VF for progression of clinical metritis and endometritis. In the present study, we clearly identified six VFs associated with clinical metritis and endometritis. In addition, E. coli strains with kpsMTII probably play a crucial role in the progression of clinical metritis and endometritis. 相似文献
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Shoma MIKAWA Shohei YAMAMOTO Md Shafiqul ISLAM Noriyuki KAJI Takahisa MURATA Risuke MIZUNO Hiroshi OZAKI Masatoshi HORI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(10):1195-1199
Maropitant is a neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) antagonist that is clinically used as a new
anti-emetic drug for dogs. Substance P (SP) and its receptor NK1R are considered to
modulate gastrointestinal peristalsis. In addition, SP works as an inflammatory mediator
in gastrointestinal diseases. Aim of this study is to clarify the effects of maropitant on
intestinal motility and inflammation in mice. Ex vivo examination of
luminal pressure-induced intestinal motility of whole intestine revealed that maropitant
(0.1–10 µM) increased frequency of contraction, decreased amplitude of
contraction and totally inhibited motility index in a concentration-dependent manner. We
measured intestinal transit in vivo by measuring transportation of orally
administered luminal content labeled with phenol red. Our results demonstrated that
maropitant (10 mg/kg, SC) delayed intestinal transit. Geometric center value was
significantly decreased in maropitant-treated mice. Anti-inflammatory effects of
maropitant against leukocytes infiltration into the intestinal smooth muscle layer in
post-operative ileus (POI) model mice were measured by immunohistochemistry. In POI model
mice, a great number of CD68-positive macrophages or MPO-stained neutrophils infiltrated
into the inflamed muscle region of the intestine. However, in the maropitant treated mice,
the infiltration of leukocytes was not inhibited. The results indicated that maropitant
has ability to induce disorder of intestinal motility in mice, but has no
anti-inflammatory action in the mouse of a POI model. In conclusion, in mice, maropitant
induces disorder of intestinal motility in vivo. 相似文献
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Hirohisa MEKATA Shiro MURATA Claro Niegos MINGALA Kazuhiko OHASHI Satoru KONNAI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(8):1017-1019
Trypanosoma evansi causes wasting disease in many livestock. T. evansi infection gives rise to inflammatory immune responses, which contribute to the development of inflammation-associated tissue injury. We previously reported that regulatory dendritic cells (DCs), which act as potential regulators of inflammation, were activated in infected mice and transfer of regulatory DCs to infected mice prolonged their survival. However, the kinetics of regulatory DCs in cattle, which are natural hosts of T. evansi, remained unclear. In this study, we report that the expressions of CCL8 and IL-10, which promote the development of regulatory DCs, were up-regulated in cattle experimentally infected with T. evansi. This finding is potentially useful for studying the control strategy of T. evansi infection in cattle. 相似文献
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