The importance of the gravel excavation industry for the conservation of grassland butterflies     

Magdalena Lenda  Piotr Skórka  Dawid Moroń  Zuzanna M. Rosin  Piotr Tryjanowski 《Biological conservation》2012,148(1):180-190

Conservation biology often relies on the protection of (semi)natural habitat remnants. However, the ever increasing human population is taking over natural resources and habitats. Here, contrary to most other studies, we ask how human-associated severe changes in the environment can be used to enrich local biodiversity. We tested if industrial activity (gravel excavation) leads to the creation of habitats that support grassland butterflies and how these areas add to the richness of local species when compared to typical semi-natural habitats (grasslands). We also identified key factors affecting the richness, abundance, diversity and commonness of butterfly species to provide practical recommendations. Species richness, diversity index and the occurrence of rare species were higher in gravel-pit shores than in grasslands. The richness of butterfly species and their abundance were positively affected by the richness of plant species, shrub density and age of the gravel-pit but negatively by the cover of water reservoirs in the surrounding area and the isolation of gravel-pits from grasslands. Butterfly diversity was positively influenced by the richness of plant species and proximity of human settlement but negatively by area of the shore and isolation. Our study is the first one to show the high value of gravel-pits for the conservation of butterflies. We recommend the inclusion of gravel-pits in a system of ecological networks and management of their surroundings to improve the colonization rate of rare species. We suggests that directing interest to the possible positive effects of industrial development on biodiversity may support conservation efforts.  相似文献   

Effect of soil pollution with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the properties of humic acids     

Magdalena Banach-Szott  Bożena Debska  Ewa Rosa 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2014,14(6):1169-1178

Purpose

Interestingly, soil is the component of the natural environment in which most hydrophobic organic pollution including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) gets accumulated. The aim of the present paper was to determine the effect of soil pollution with PAHs on the elemental composition, spectral properties, and hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties of humic acids. The research was performed on different types of soil samples that were artificially polluted with selected PAHs (anthracene, pyrene, fluorene and chrysene).

Materials and methods

The soil samples were polluted with selected PAHs in an amount corresponding to 10 mg PAHs kg^?1. The PAHs-polluted soil samples were incubated for 180 and 360 days at a temperature of 20–25 °C and fixed moisture (50 % of field water capacity). Humic acids (HAs) were extracted from the soil samples prior to the incubation (additionally, soils not polluted with PAHs) and after 180 and 360 days of incubation. For isolated HAs, the following analyses were performed: elemental composition, UV–Vis and IR spectra, susceptibility to oxidation, and hydrophilic (HIL) and hydrophobic (HOB) properties were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography.

Results and discussion

The research demonstrated that introducing anthracene, fluorene, pyrene and chrysene to soil samples resulted in a change in some of the quality parameters of humic acids. However, the intensity and the direction of those changes were determined by soil properties. The changes of the parameters, once PAHs were introduced, that did not depend on the soil properties were ΔA _665u and ΔA _465u (susceptibility to oxidation at wavelengths of 465 and 665 nm) as well as HIL/ΣHOB. The same tendency in changes in the structure of humic acids, once PAHs were introduced, was also observed based on the Fourier transform infrared spectra pattern.

Conclusions

A single pollution of soils with PAHs that leads to changes in the quality parameters of humic acids shows that, as for the soils permanently exposed to pollution with those compounds, significant changes can occur in the properties of humic acids. As a result, it can lead to a change in the functions played by humic acids in the environment.  相似文献   

Epizotiology and phylogeny of equine arteritis virus in hucul horses     

Rola J  Larska M  Rola JG  Belák S  Autorino GL 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,148(2-4):402-407

The aim of the study was to determine the situation of equine arteritis virus (EAV) infections in hucul horses. A total of 176 horses (154 mares and 22 stallions) from the biggest hucul horse stud in Poland were tested. Antibodies against EAV were detected in 97 (55.1%) horses. The EAV seroprevalence among mares was 53.2% while in stallions - 68.2%. The percentage of positive mares increased with their age, thus amongst the mares of less than 2 years of age the percentage was 32.5%, while in the group of 3-5 years old increased to 59.4% and in the mares in the age of 6-10 years and older than 10 years 89.5% and 95% were seropositive, respectively. Among 11 seropositive stallions five were supposed to be shedders of EAV with their semen. It is likely that those persistently infected stallions were the reservoirs of the virus in the stud. Genetic studies using of ORF5 gene showed high homology between the viruses detected in the semen of those stallions what suggested lateral transmission between the stallions sharing the same stable. Persistent infection in an immature stallion, which has not yet been used for breeding, was established as a result of infection via respiratory route. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that all hucul viruses shared the same ancestor and as most of EAV strains dominating in Polish horse population belonged to the European origin EAV subgroup (EU-1).  相似文献   

Methodological aspects of determining soil particle‐size distribution using the laser diffraction method     

Magdalena Ryżak  Andrzej Bieganowski 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2011,174(4):624-633

This paper presents the influence of selected methodological aspects on the results of particle‐size distribution (PSD) as measured by the laser diffraction method (LDM). The investigations were carried out using the Mastersizer 2000 with Hydro MU attachment (Malvern Ltd., UK). It was found that for the investigated soils: (1) optimal speed of pump and stirrer was 2500 rpm, (2) optimal measurement time was ≈ 1 min, (3) there are two, practically equivalent methods for soil‐sample dispersion: chemical (with the use of a solution of sodium hexametaphosphate) or physical (by means of ultrasound application for 4 min at a maximum power of 35W), (4) one must not use the chemical and physical dispersing methods simultaneously, because this can lead to aggregation (not dispersion) of soil particles, (5) the Fraunhofer theory (physical models) can be used to convert scattered‐light data to PSD. In the case of the Mie theory, the best results were obtained for a refractive index (RI) in the range of 1.5–1.6 and an absorption index (AI) of 1.0. It was also found that most of the discussed parameters depend on design of the measuring device and on the type and volume of the investigated suspensions. It is necessary, therefore, to explain how the data was obtained every time and to specify the details in the methodological part of the paper.  相似文献   

SUITMAs as an archive of the human past: educational implications     

Urbańska  Magdalena  Charzyński  Przemysław 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2021,21(5):1928-1937

Journal of Soils and Sediments - The relics of the industry are widely used for educational and touristic purposes. There are many examples of brownfield sites turned into tourist attractions....  相似文献   

Application of image analysis for the varietal classification of barley:: Morphological features   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Piotr Zapotoczny  Magdalena Zielinska  Zygmunt Nita 《Journal of Cereal Science》2008,48(1):104-110

This paper presents an exploratory investigation of the application of morphological features in image analysis for varietal classification of Polish spring barley. The objective of this study was to determine the utility of morphological features for classifying individual kernels of five varieties of barley. Furthermore, this study was performed to find the best method to classify kernels of barley with the lowest error of classification. Image processing consisted of several steps: image acquisition, segmentation, external and internal image feature extraction, classification and interpretation. Each barley kernel was described using 74 morphological features. The selection was carried out using three methods based on: Fisher's coefficient, probability of error and average correlation coefficient and mutual information. Principle component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and non-linear discriminant analysis (NDA) were used throughout this paper as the classification methods. The results confirmed that the method using morphological features may be successfully employed in image analysis for preliminary varietal identification of barley kernels. Furthermore, LDA was found to be the method which best separated different varieties of objects.  相似文献   

Production of transgenic adult plants from clementine mandarin by enhancing cell competence for transformation and regeneration   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Cervera M  Navarro A  Navarro L  Peña L 《Tree physiology》2008,28(1):55-66

Genetic transformation of mature trees is difficult because adult tissues are recalcitrant to Agrobacterium tumefaciens infection and transformation and because transgenic mature events are less competent for regeneration. We have shown that reinvigoration allows manipulation of the vegetative phase to increase the potential for transformation and regeneration without loss of competence for flowering and fruiting. To produce transgenic plants from clementine mandarin (Citrus clementina hort. ex Tanaka), we optimized the conditions of the source material both ex vitro and in vitro. Grafting of mature buds on juvenile rootstocks in the spring and preventing multiple bud sprouting by removing all but one bud permitted selection of vigorous first flushes for in vitro culture. Use of additional virulence genes from A. tumefaciens to increase transformation frequency and optimization of culture media and conditions to enhance explant cell competence for T-DNA integration and organogenesis resulted in efficient and reliable transgenic plant production. Transformed regenerants from explants, cultured in media without antibiotics, were identified by a screenable marker (either beta-glucuronidase or green fluorescent protein (GFP)), creating the possibility of generating transgenic clementine plants without antibiotic resistance marker genes. Stable integration of foreign genes was demonstrated by Southern blot analysis, and expression of these foreign genes was confirmed by detection of GFP fluorescence in leaves, floral organs and fruits of the transgenic plants.  相似文献   

Mussel Shells,a Valuable Calcium Resource for the Pharmaceutical Industry     

Magdalena Mititelu  Gabriela Stanciu  Doina Dr&#x;g&#x;nescu  Ana Corina Ioni&#x;  Sorinel Marius Neac&#x;u  Mihaela Dinu  Raluca-Ioana Stefan-van Staden  Elena Moro&#x;an 《Marine drugs》2022,20(1)

(1) Background: The mussel (Mytilus edulis, Mytilus galloprovincialis) is the most widespread lamellibranch mollusk, being fished on all coasts of the European seas. Mussels are also widely grown in Japan, China, and Spain, especially for food purposes. This paper shows an original technique for mussel shell processing for preparation of calcium salts, such as calcium levulinate. This process involves synthesis of calcium levulinate by treatment of Mytilus galloprovincialis shells with levulinic acid. The advantage of mussel shell utilization results in more straightforward qualitative composition. Thus, the weight of the mineral component lies with calcium carbonate, which can be used for extraction of pharmaceutical preparations. (2) Methods: Shell powder was first deproteinized by calcination, then the mineral part was treated with levulinic acid. The problem of shells generally resulting from the industrialization of marine molluscs creates enough shortcomings, if one only mentions storage and handling. One of the solutions proposed by us is the capitalization of calcium from shells in the pharmaceutical industry. (3) Results: The toxicity of calcium levulinate synthesized from the mussel shells was evaluated by the method known in the scientific literature as the Constantinescu phytobiological method (using wheat kernels, Triticum vulgare Mill). Acute toxicity of calcium levulinate was evaluated; the experiments showed the low toxicity of calcium levulinate. (4) Conclusion: The experimental results highlighted calcium as the predominant element in the composition of mussel shells, which strengthens the argument of capitalizing the shells as an important natural source of calcium.  相似文献   

Paravertebral brachial plexus blockade as part of a balanced anaesthesia in a sheep undergoing thoracic limb amputation          下载免费PDF全文

Diego Rodrigo‐Mocholí  Stijn Schauvliege 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2016,43(2):239-240

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Genomics,genetics and breeding of tropical legumes for better livelihoods of smallholder farmers     

Chris Ojiewo  Emmanuel Monyo  Haile Desmae  Ousmane Boukar  Clare Mukankusi‐Mugisha  Mahendar Thudi  Manish K. Pandey  Rachit K. Saxena  Pooran M. Gaur  Sushil K. Chaturvedi  Asnake Fikre  NPVR Ganga Rao  CV SameerKumar  Patrick Okori  Pasupuleti Janila  Jean Claude Rubyogo  Chigeza Godfree  Essegbemon Akpo  Lucky Omoigui  Stanley Nkalubo  Berhanu Fenta  Papias Binagwa  Michael Kilango  Magdalena Williams  Omari Mponda  David Okello  Mekasha Chichaybelu  Amos Miningou  Joseph Bationo  Dramane Sako  Sory Diallo  Candidus Echekwu  Muhammad Lawan Umar  Richard Oteng‐Frimpong  Haruna Mohammed  Rajeev K. Varshney 《Plant Breeding》2019,138(4):487-499

Legumes are important components of sustainable agricultural production, food, nutrition and income systems of developing countries. In spite of their importance, legume crop production is challenged by a number of biotic (diseases and pests) and abiotic stresses (heat, frost, drought and salinity), edaphic factors (associated with soil nutrient deficits) and policy issues (where less emphasis is put on legumes compared to priority starchy staples). Significant research and development work have been done in the past decade on important grain legumes through collaborative bilateral and multilateral projects as well as the CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes (CRP‐GL). Through these initiatives, genomic resources and genomic tools such as draft genome sequence, resequencing data, large‐scale genomewide markers, dense genetic maps, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and diagnostic markers have been developed for further use in multiple genetic and breeding applications. Also, these mega‐initiatives facilitated release of a number of new varieties and also dissemination of on‐the‐shelf varieties to the farmers. More efforts are needed to enhance genetic gains by reducing the time required in cultivar development through integration of genomics‐assisted breeding approaches and rapid generation advancement.  相似文献