Effect of Modified Oat Starch and Protein on Batter Properties and Quality of Cake     

Leila Mirmoghtadaie  Mahdi Kadivar  Mohammad Shahedi 《Cereal Chemistry》2009,86(6):685-691

Starch and protein separated from oat were chemically modified using cross‐linking and acetylation protocols for starch, and deamidation and succinylation for protein isolate. Cross‐linking decreased swelling power of starch, whereas syneresis increased, but cross‐linking does not have a significant effect on gelatinization temperature. Acetylation increased swelling power, but gelatinization temperature and syneresis diminished. Deamidation and succinylation increased nitrogen solubility index, emulsion activity, foaming capacity, and water and oil binding capacity. Emulsion stability did not change with deamidation and it diminished with succinylation, while foaming stability decreased with both treatments. Acetylated starch and two types of modified proteins were substituted for 5, 10, 15, and 20% of oat flour to bake cake samples and then physical properties of the cakes were measured. Acetylated starch increased batter viscosity, cake volume, and whiteness of cake crust. Increased level of deamidated protein produced cakes with lower batter viscosity, higher volume, and darker color (increase in redness). Application of higher levels of succinylated protein led to higher batter viscosity and lightness, and lower cake volume. Therefore, substitution of deamidated protein and acetylated starch can improve cake properties.  相似文献   

Thermo-regulating nanofibers based on nylon 6,6/polyethylene glycol blend     

Mohammad Seifpoor  Mahdi Nouri  Javad Mokhtari 《Fibers and Polymers》2011,12(6):706-714

Renewable energies as well as saving energy in suitable forms are of great challenges in the field of energy storage. Phase change materials (PCM) are one of the latent heat storage materials. They can produce high density of energy storage during phase change. However, there is a risk of material leakage during their phase change. Electrospinning could lead to thermo-regulating nanofibers of leakage free form-stable PCMs. For this purpose, polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 as a PCM together with nylon 6,6 as supporting material was electrospun in different blend ratios. Morphology and diameter of the produced nanofibers were studied by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The average nanofibers diameter was in the range of 178 to 507 nm for different blend ratios. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed that the composite samples have high heat capacity and good energy saving properties. As-spun nanofibers were successfully changed to a formstable thermo-regulating nanocomposite using a suitable cross-linking agent.  相似文献   

Oxidative Stability of Spray-Dried Microencapsulated Fish Oils with Different Wall Materials     

Parastoo Pourashouri  Bahareh Shabanpour  Seyed Hadi Razavi  Seid Mahdi Jafari  Ali Shabani  Santiago P. Aubourg 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(6):567-578

Multilayer microencapsulation of fish oil was evaluated by using fish gelatin (treated with or without microbial transglutaminase [MTGase]), chitosan, and maltodextrin for its ability to control lipid oxidation. This study showed that a mixture containing gelatin and maltodextrin obtained the highest percentage of core release. The oxidative stability of the formulated mixtures and the bulk oils was investigated during a period of 60 days. The peroxide value (PV) was assessed as a parameter for primary oxidation products, and p-anisidine (p-AV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive sub-stances (TBARS) was used to analyze secondary oxidation compounds. Observation of oxidation products showed that combinations of gelatin and maltodextrin made by adding MTGase and a mixture of gelatin and chitosan were able to increase the oxidative stability, and increases in PV and p-AV and TBARS were found for all oils.  相似文献   

Preliminary characterization of Lactococcus garvieae bacteriophage isolated from wastewater as a potential agent for biological control of lactococcosis in aquaculture     

Seyed Mahdi Ghasemi  Majid Bouzari  Giti Emtiazi 《Aquaculture International》2014,22(4):1469-1480

Lactococcosis, a significant emerging disease of fish caused by Lactococcus garvieae, has become one of the devastating problems due to its serious economic damage in aquaculture. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize a lytic phage infecting L. garvieae as a potential bioagent for the treatment of lactococcosis. In this regard, one strain of L. garvieae was isolated from diseased rainbow trout, and then, following biochemical and molecular identifications, its specific phage, WWP-1, which was able to destroy L. garvieae cells through the lytic cycle, was isolated from a municipal wastewater sample. Transmission electron microscope revealed that the isolated phage possesses an icosahedral head and a non-contractile short tail, resembled to members of the family Podoviridae. Moreover, phage WWP-1 represented optimal antibacterial activity at temperatures ranging from 15 to 30 °C, suggesting that it could be very effective at rainbow trout rearing temperature. Restriction profile analysis revealed that NdeI can digest WWP-1 genome while EcoRI, EcoRV, and BamHI were incapable of cutting its DNA. According to the in vivo experiment result, WWP-1 could decrease mortality rate of infected rainbow trout in aquaculture. The results suggest that this naturally occurring bacteriophage could be considered as a promising agent to control the disease caused by L. garvieae strains in rainbow trout rearing.  相似文献   

Application of the consolidated species concept to identify the causal agent of strawberry anthracnose in Iran and initial molecular dating of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Colletotrichum acutatum</Emphasis> species complex     

Kaivan Karimi  Asadollah Babai Ahari  Mahdi Arzanlou  Jahanshir Amini  Ilaria Pertot  Omar Rota-Stabelli 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2017,147(2):375-387

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp. is one of main strawberry diseases worldwide. The disease recently arrived in Iran and become epidemic in the Kurdistan province. A combination of morphological, molecular and pathogen-host interaction approaches (referred to the consolidated species concept) were applied to isolates from symptomatic strawberry tissues collected in Iran. Multi-gene phylogenetic analysis based on ITS-rDNA, beta-tubulin (TUB2) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) identified the species as the S5 clade of Colletotrichum nymphaeae. No significant intraspecies variation was observed in terms of morphology and pathogenicity. No significant genetic variation was observed among the isolates using inter simple sequence repeat analysis (ISSR) and primer pair combination of ERIC1/BOX and ERIC2/BOX fingerprinting markers. Based on the results of this study, it can be postulated that the C. nymphaeae population in Iran established itself from a single origin due to a founder effect. More generally, molecular dating based on relaxed clocks indicates co-radiation of C. nymphaeae S5 and strawberry plants and suggests high reciprocal specificity between the host and pathogen.  相似文献   

A Molecular Survey of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter Coli Virulence and Diversity     

Mahdi Ghorbanalizadgan  Bita Bakhshi  Anoshirvan Kazemnejad Lili  Shahin Najar-Peerayeh  Bahram Nikmanesh 《Iranian Biomedical Journal》2014,18(3):158-164

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of virulence-associated genes and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR) analysis of Campylobacter spp. isolated from children with diarrhea in Iran. Methods: A total of 200 stool specimens were obtained from children under 5 years during July 2012 to July 2013. Detection of C. jejuni and C. coli was performed by standard biochemical and molecular methods. The presence of virulence-associated genes and genetic diversity of isolates was examined using PCR and ERIC-PCR analyses. Results: A total of 12 (6%) Campylobacter spp. were isolated from patients including 10 (4.5%) C. jejuni and 2 (1.5%) C.coli. The flaA, cadF and ciaB genes were present in 100% of isolates, while no plasmid of virB11 gene was present in their genome. The prevalence of invasion-associated marker was 100% among C. coli and was not detected in C. jejuni isolates. The distribution of both pldA and the genes associated with cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) was 58.3% in C. jejuni isolates. Seven distinct ERIC-PCR profiles were distinguished in three clusters using ERIC-PCR analysis. Genotyping analysis showed a relative correlation with geographic location of patients and virulence gene content of isolates. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first molecular survey of Campylobacter spp. in Iran concerning genotyping and virulence gene content of both C. jejuni and C. coli. ERIC-PCR revealed appropriate discriminatory power for clustering C. jejuni isolates with identical virulence gene content. However, more studies are needed to clearly understand the pathogenesis properties of specific genotypes. Key Words: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, Ddiarrhea, Virulence factors  相似文献   

Effect of microwave–chemical pre-treatment on compression characteristics of biomass grinds     

Mahdi Kashaninejad  Lope G. Tabil 《Biosystems Engineering》2011,108(1):36-45

The effect of microwave and microwave–chemical pre-treatments on densification characteristics and physical quality of pellets made from wheat and barley straw grinds were investigated. The ground wheat and barley straw samples were immersed in water, sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide solution at different concentrations (1 and 2% w/v) and then exposed to microwave radiation at three power levels (295, 603 and 713 W). Chemical composition and bulk and particle densities of samples were determined after pre-treatments. Pre-treated grinds were compressed in a plunger–die assembly with a force of 4000 N and compression and relaxation test data were recorded. The specific energy required for compression and ejection of pellets produced from untreated and pre-treated wheat and barley straw grinds was calculated. The tensile strength of the pellets was also evaluated to investigate the hardness of the pellets. Chemical composition analysis showed that microwave and chemical pre-treatment was significantly able to disintegrate the lignocellulosic structure of wheat and barley straw grinds. Data analysis also indicated that the pellets made from microwave–chemical pre-treated biomass grinds had a significantly higher density and tensile strength than the untreated or samples pre-treated by microwave and distilled water.  相似文献   

Zinc sorption–desorption by sand,silt and clay fractions in calcareous soils of Iran     

Mahdi Najafi Ghiri  Mahrooz Rezaei  Abdolmajid Sameni 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(9):945-957

Zinc sorption–desorption by sand, silt and clay fractions of six representative calcareous soils of Iran were measured. Sand, silt and clay particles were fractionated after dispersion of soils with an ultrasonic probe. Zinc sorption analysis was performed by adding eight rates of Zn from 6 to 120 μmol g^?1. For the desorption experiment, samples retained after the measurement of Zn sorption were resuspended sequentially in 0.01 M NaNO₃ solution and shaken for 24 h. Results indicated that Zn sorption by soil fractions increased in the order clay > silt > sand, and correlated negatively with CaCO₃ content and positively with cation exchange capacity (CEC) and smectite content. Results indicated that for all fractions, the Langmuir equation described the sorption rates fairly well. In contrast to sorption, Zn desorption from soil fractions increased in the order sand > silt > clay, and correlated positively with CaCO₃ content, CEC and smectite content. Results showed that parabolic diffusion and two constant equations adequately described the reaction rates of Zn desorption. In general, for all soils studied, the coarser the particle size, the less Zn sorption and more Zn desorption, and this reflects much higher risk of Zn leaching into groundwater or plant uptake in contaminated soils.  相似文献   

Nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) reduces N2O emissions by altering the soil microbial community in a wheat–maize rotation on the North China Plain     

Churong Liu  Hongrun Liu  Xueqing Liu  Yushi Zhang  Ligang Wang  Dahai Guan  Mahdi M. Al-Kaisi  Zhaohu Li  Mingcai Zhang 《European Journal of Soil Science》2021,72(3):1270-1291

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Effect of hydrothermaled bran on physicochemical, rheological and microstructural characteristics of Sangak bread   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Laleh Mosharraf  Mahdi Kadivar  Mohammad Shahedi 《Journal of Cereal Science》2009,49(3):398-404

Increased consumption of whole grain products has been associated with decreased risk of health problems such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity. Phytate however, has always been a matter of concern, since it chelates minerals such as iron. Sangak is very popular Iranian flat bread invented five hundred years ago, made from 95% extraction flour. The bread is fermented but usually fermentation is not able to remove all phytate from the dough. In this study flours were first debranned; resulting bran was subjected to a hydrothermal process. The hydrothermaled (HT) brans were then incorporated in the Sangak flour. In the next step, physicochemical, rheological and microstructural characteristics of Sangak flour and dough prepared from two Iranian wheat varieties, Tajan and Back Cross of Roshan were investigated. Results indicated a reduction in phytate up to 55% in the samples. The resulting dough containing HT bran showed a higher development time and valorimetric value and was more stable than doughs made with normal bran. Dough made with HT bran showed a kind of protein matrix in which proteins and starch granules are oriented in a more non-ordered structure.  相似文献