草菇菌株的生物学特性比较     

杨维丽  敖莉  李长田  荆琴方  姜建新  李玉 《食用菌学报》2011,18(4)

对25个不同来源的草菇(Volvariella volvacea)菌株的厚垣孢子出现时间、原基形成时间和生物学效率等生物学特性进行比较,结果表明,V754、V26-1、V753、V751、3560和0229菌株不但生物学特性较好,且生物学效率较高,在16％～20％之间,可较好的应用于江苏省丹阳地区的草菇生产.  相似文献   

呼伦贝尔沙地米氏冰草种群构件年龄结构动态   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

金晓明  敖永贵  艾琳  宋雪峰  王瑞峰  卢欣石 《草地学报》2011,19(3):367-371,387

米氏冰草(Agropyron michnoi)是根茎型无性系植物。为了解米氏冰草在沙地生境中的繁殖适应机制,采取单位面积挖掘取样,对呼伦贝尔沙地不同演替阶段的米氏冰草分蘖株和根茎年龄结构进行了调查。结果表明:生长季末期与前期比较,米氏冰草分蘖株数量在流动和半固定沙地均增长了1.5倍,固定沙地无变化;而根茎长度在流动、半固定和固定沙地分别增加5.0,2.1和2.0倍。米氏冰草无性系分蘖株由4个龄级组成,分蘖株数量的年龄结构,在流动沙地均为明显增长型;半固定沙地由增长型转变成稳定型;固定沙地为稳定型。根茎在流动沙地由3个龄级组成,在半固定和固定沙地由4个龄级组成。随着生长季的进程,根茎长度的年龄结构,在流动沙地、半固定沙地和固定沙地均由稳定型变成增长型,增长趋势从大到小排序为:流动沙地>半固定沙地>固定沙地。随着植物群落的次生演替进程,米氏冰草无性系构件的年龄结构呈由增长型向稳定型过渡的趋势。  相似文献   

五个猕猴桃新品种的引进筛选研究     

金方伦  黎明  韩成敏  敖学希  罗会贤  徐琼  ZHOU Guang-ping  CHE Kong-fu 《北方园艺》2011,(4):12-16

于2008～2010对从贵州各地引进的"贵长"、"海沃特"、"79-2"、"秦美"、"华光"5个猕猴桃品种在当地试种后,调查研究各品种的物候期、植物学特性、经济性状和抗逆性等内容,并进行比较筛选。结果表明:5个猕猴桃品种在当地科学管理条件下,从综合比较结果看,"贵长"品种最好,其次是"海沃特"、"79-2"和"秦美"等3个品种,因此建议在当地自然资源条件下加上配套的栽培技术措施,"贵长"猕猴桃等4个品种可适量发展。  相似文献   

Hepatoprotective activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, captopril and enalapril, against paraquat toxicity     

Jalal Pourahmad  Mir-Jamal HosseiniSoudeh Bakan  Mahmoud Ghazi-Khansari 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2011,99(1):105-110

Paraquat is a highly toxic herbicide that is used in most countries without restriction. The cytotoxic action of paraquat is mediated by reactive radicals that are products of its metabolic reduction in cells. It has already been hypothesized that some angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (e.g., captopril and enalapril) could show antioxidant and radical scavenging activity through their structural thiol groups, increasing antioxidant enzymes production or nitric oxide synthesis. In this study the hepatoprotective effect of captopril and enalapril against paraquat induced oxidative stress cytotoxicity was evaluated in isolated rat hepatocyte. Subtoxic concentrations of captopril (0.2 mM) and enalapril (0.2 mM) significantly (p < 0.05) protected the hepatocytes against paraquat (2 mM) induced oxidative stress cytotoxicity markers including: cell lysis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lipid peroxidation, glutathione depletion, mitochondrial membrane potential decrease, lysosomal membrane oxidative damage and cellular proteolysis. Moreover, we showed that non-thiol enalapril acts as well as thiol containing captopril at inhibiting oxidative stress cytotoxicity markers. Finally, our results support the hypothesis that it is the increase in nitric oxide synthesis and not the presence of the thiol group that accounts for the antioxidant activity of ACE inhibitors.  相似文献   

泥石流入汇主河淤积规律的水槽试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

敖汝庄郭志学  曹叔尤 《水土保持学报》2004,18(4):196-199

以试验为基础,研究了泥石流入汇主河后淤积规律,主要探讨了淤积量及淤积分布问题。通过试验分析认为,泥石流入汇主河后的淤积量基本随流量比的增大而增大,就其淤积速率而言,有先增大后减小的变化规律。淤积量在流量比大约为0.5时出现峰值,在流量比为0.65时出现谷值,淤积量与流量比关系变化曲线以倾斜向上的直线为对称轴,呈倾斜向上的正弦波形。各工况下淤积范围基本不变,但试验中反映出,淤积范围有随交汇角增大而增大的趋势。  相似文献   

基于DPSIR模型的黄土高原生态敏感性演变格局及驱动力分析     

李帆  贾夏  赵永华  奥勇  韩磊  刘钊  丁诗雨 《农业工程学报》2023,39(9):241-251

摸清生态系统敏感性时空演变格局，对其驱动因素及未来发展趋势进行探测是修复和提高生态系统稳定性的重要内容。黄土高原是世界上水土流失最严重和生态环境最脆弱的地区之一，探究该地区生态敏感性时空演变特征及驱动因素，科学划分生态敏感性治理分区对于促进国家生态文明建设具有重要意义。基于“驱动-压力-状态-影响-响应”（driving-pressure-state-impact-response，DPSIR）框架，耦合空间距离指数和全排列多边形图示指标法构建生态敏感性指标体系，使用地理信息演变图谱和地理探测器研究黄土高原2000—2020年5个时间点生态敏感性时空格局和驱动力，最终划分生态敏感性治理分区。结果表明：1）研究期内黄土高原生态敏感性表现为西北高、东南低的分布特征，时间上先增加后下降。2）研究期内黄土高原生态敏感性转移类型以波动稳定型为主，生态改善区面积占比最大（35.17%），变化0次和1次的面积占比62.06%，生态环境演变稳定向好。3）生态敏感性的各驱动因素中，NDVI和降水量以及两者与其他因子的交互作用对于黄土高原生态敏感性具有明显的驱动作用。4）2030年低度敏感将成为黄土高原的主要敏感类型；沙地和农灌区以及黄土高塬沟壑区的中西部是生态敏感性治理的重点地区。整体来看，黄土高原生态环境有所好转，生态治理措施取得了积极成效，该研究可为黄土高原生态治理及高质量发展提供参考。  相似文献   

脲胺氮肥对太湖地区稻田氨挥发及氮肥利用率的影响   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11  

敖玉琴  田玉华  尹斌  张维  李晓  葛仁山  朱兆良 《土壤》2016,48(2):248-253

采用田间小区试验,以普通尿素和氯化铵为对照,研究脲胺氮肥对太湖地区稻田氨挥发及氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明:氮肥施入后,氨挥发损失主要发生在施肥后5~7天内,氨挥发损失量与田面水NH4+-N浓度呈线性正相关关系。不同氮肥的氨挥发损失差异显著(P0.05),脲胺氮肥的氨挥发损失分别比普通尿素和氯化铵减少了2.71和6.41 kg/hm2,并且该氮肥对水稻有增产的趋势,氮肥利用率分别比普通尿素和氯化铵显著提高了10.43%和10.64%。此外,综合考虑经济和环境效益,该氮肥净收益高于尿素和氯化铵。因此,脲胺氮肥值得在太湖地区推广。  相似文献   

Genetic Diversity of Tunisian Olive Tree (Olea europaea L.) Cultivars Assessed by AFLP Markers     

N. Grati-Kamoun  F. Lamy Mahmoud  A. Rebaï  A. Gargouri  O. Panaud  A. Saar 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(2):265-275

About 29 olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars including oil and table olive cultivars originating from Tunisia and other Mediterranean countries, were genotyped using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) DNA markers. This technique is a rapid and efficient method for producing DNA fingerprints. Using nine AFLP primer combinations, we produced a total of 410 AFLP markers, among which 172 revealed polymorphism. The results demonstrated a high degree of polymorphism in the olive germplasm we examined with an average of 39%. These AFLP markers were analyzed to estimate genetic distances between pairs of cultivars using Jaccard’s similarity coefficient. Furthermore, cluster and principal component analyses were performed in order to identify the genetic variation patterns. Two main groups were obtained: one comprising primarily small-fruited cultivars grown mainly for oil production and the other comprising large fruited cultivars (regardless of their end-use). Our results show no evidence of clustering of olive cultivars according to their geographic origin.  相似文献   

Root growth and N‐uptake activity of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars differing in nitrogen efficiency     

Mahmoud Kamh  Franz Wiesler  Abdullah Ulas  Walter J. Horst 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2005,168(1):130-137

Nitrate‐N uptake from soil depends on root growth and uptake activity. However, under field conditions N‐uptake activity is difficult to estimate from soil‐N depletion due to different loss pathways. We modified the current mesh‐bag method to estimate nitrate‐N‐uptake activity and root growth of two oilseed‐rape cultivars differing in N‐uptake efficiency. N‐efficient cultivar (cv.) ‘Apex' and N‐inefficient cv. ‘Capitol' were grown in a field experiment on a silty clayey gleyic fluvisol near Göttingen, northern Germany, and fertilized with 0 (N₀) and 227 (N₂₂₇) kg N ha^–1. In February 2002, PVC tubes with a diameter of 50 mm were installed between plant rows at 0–0.3 and 0–0.6 m soil depth with an angle of 45°. At the beginning of shooting, beginning of flowering, and at seed filling, the PVC tubes were substituted by PVC tubes (compartments) of the same diameter, but with an open window at the upper side either at a soil depth of 0–0.3 or 0.3–0.6 m allowing roots to grow into the tubes. Anion‐exchange resin at the bottom of the compartment allowed estimation of nitrate leaching. The compartments were then filled with root‐free soil which was amended with or without 90 mg N (kg soil)^–1. The newly developed roots and nitrate‐N depletion were estimated in the compartments after the installing period (21 d at shooting stage and 16 d both at flowering and grain‐filling stages). Nitrate‐N depletion was estimated from the difference between NO ‐N contents of compartments containing roots and control compartments (windows closed with a membrane) containing no roots. The amount of nitrate leached from the compartments was quantified from the resin and has been taken into consideration in the calculation of the N depletion. The amount of N depleted from the compartments significantly correlated with root‐length density. Suboptimal N application to the crop reduced total biomass and seed‐yield formation substantially (24% and 38% for ‘Apex’ and ‘Capitol’, respectively). At the shooting stage, there were no differences in root production and N depletion from the compartments by the two cultivars between N₀ and N₂₂₇. But at flowering and seed‐filling stages, higher root production and accordingly higher N depletion was observed at N₀ compared to N₂₂₇. Towards later growth stages, the newly developed roots were characterized by a reduction of root diameter and a shift towards the deeper soil layer (0.3–0.6m). At low but not at high N supply, the N‐efficient cv. ‘Apex’ exhibited higher root growth and accordingly depleted nitrate‐N more effectively than the N‐inefficient cv. ‘Capitol’, especially during the reproductive growth phase. The calculated nitrate‐N‐uptake rate per unit root length was maximal at flowering (for the low N supply) but showed no difference between the two cultivars. This indicated that the higher N‐uptake efficiency of cv. ‘Apex’ was due to higher root growth rather than higher uptake per unit of root length.  相似文献   

Sorghums of the Sudan: analysis of regional diversity and distribution   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

C. Grenier  P.J. Bramel  J.A. Dahlberg  A. El-Ahmadi  M. Mahmoud  G.C. Peterson  D.T. Rosenow  G. Ejeta 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2004,51(5):489-500

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a very important crop in the Sudan serving as a primary source of food, beverage, and total livelihood for millions of people in the country. The crop originated in the Northeast quadrant of Africa, and the Sudan is widely recognized as a major center of diversity. Although Sudanese sorghum germplasm has been assembled and stored over the last 50 years, careful analysis of this valuable germplasm has not been made. The objectives of this study were to assess phenotypic diversity and compare pattern of distribution among Sudanese sorghum landraces collected from different geographical regions. Phenotypic diversity among landraces was high, as expressed by the large range of variation for mean quantitative traits and the high (0.81) Shannon-Weaver diversity index. Landraces from Gezira-Gedarif tended to be shorter in stature, earlier in maturity and less sensitive to changes in photoperiod. They also had long, narrow and compact panicles that may result from adaptation to low rainfall and early adoption of mechanized farming practices. In contrast, taller and later maturing plant types characterized sorghums from Equatoria, most of which delayed their flowering in response to increased day-length. These sorghums included many genotypes with small and light kernels. Collections from Kassala showed a higher frequency of landraces with kernels that were more difficult to thresh. Landraces from Blue Nile tended to have greater agronomic eliteness with higher proportion of landraces with white kernels, poorly covered and that were easy to thresh. Sorghums from the Upper Nile tended to have loose panicles with poorly covered kernels that may result from adaptation to high rainfall of the Southern region. Although distinct distributions of types were represented by geographical origin, a high level of within-region diversity was present among all Sudanese sorghums.  相似文献