Ivermectin treatment in an outbreak of cerebrospinal microfilariosis in goats in Saudi Arabia     

O. M. Mahmoud  A. Sulman  E. M. Haroun  E. M. Abdel-Magied  Y. M. A. Hameid  I. A. Ibrahim 《Tropical animal health and production》1994,26(3):177-179

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Age variations in the prevalence of sarcocystosis in sheep and goats from northern and central Jordan     

Mahmoud N. Abo-Shehada 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1996,27(3-4):135-140

Awassi sheep and mountain goats slaughtered in northern and central Jordan were examined for Sarcocystis cysts by post-mortem examination, trichinoscopy of muscle samples taken from esophagi and diaphragms and serologically by indirect hemagglutination (IHA) during the period June 1986–May 1988. Macrosarcocysts were found in 11.3% (70/620) of sheep and 11.7% (46/393) of goats aged over 1 year old. Microsarcocysts were found in 50.1% (1185/2693) of the sheep diaphragm samples and 56.4% (711/1261) of the same organs of goats. The prevalences were lower in the esophageal muscles (26.4%, 348 of 1319 and 25.1%, 97 of 386) than the diaphragmal muscles (29.0%, 383 of 1319 and 34.2%, 132 of 386) in the younger age groups (less than 7 months) of sheep and goats, respectively. The prevalences in both the esophagus and the diaphragm increased with age. The seroprevalences of anti-Sarcocystis antibodies in sheep and goats were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the prevalence of Sarcocystis cysts detected by trichinoscopy. The seroprevalence of sarcocystosis increased with age in sheep and goats.  相似文献   

Sero-prevalence of avian influenza among broiler-breeder flocks in Jordan     

Al-Natour MQ  Abo-Shehada MN 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2005,70(1-2):45-50

Thirty blood samples were collected randomly from each of the 38 breeder-broiler farms in Jordan. Serum samples were examined using indirect ELISA for specific antibodies to avian influenza virus. The overall true flock-level sero-prevalence of avian influenza was 71% (95% CI: 55,83). Positive flocks had 2-30 sero-positive chickens and half of flocks had >20 sero-positive birds. The number of sero-positive flocks varied in the studied localities with more sero-positives in farms located within the migratory route of migratory wild fowl. The examined broiler-breeder flocks had no clinical signs, or noticeable decrease in egg production; mortalities were within the normal range (0.1-1%). The number of positive sera/flock correlated with flock size. There were a no significant (Pearsons r=0.21, p=0.21) correlation between positive flocks and age. A non-pathogenic AI virus infects broiler-breeder farms in Jordan. Wild local and migrating birds might promote the further spread of this virus in Jordan and other countries.  相似文献   

Induction of defence related enzymes and phenolic compounds in lupin (Lupinus albus L.) and their effects on host resistance against Fusarium wilt     

Saieda S. Abd El-Rahman  Mohamed M. Mazen  Heba I. Mohamed  Neven M. Mahmoud 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2012,134(1):105-116

Two different biotic inducers [Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida] and three different abiotic inducers [copper sulphate, indole butyric acid and potassium chloride] were tested for their efficacy in inducing resistance in lupin plants against Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lupini. Application of the biotic and abiotic inducers as seed treatments significantly reduced wilt disease incidence under greenhouse and field conditions. Potassium chloride and Pseudomonas fluorescens were superior. A time course of defence-related enzymes showed substantial increases in enzyme activities in induced infected seedlings compared with untreated healthy plants or infected controls. However, the magnitude of the increase varied among treatments. The maximum increases in chitinase and ??- glucanase activities were recorded at 12 and 8?days after inoculation with the pathogen, respectively. Also, the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase increased dramatically 8?days after inoculation. Greater accumulation of phenolic compounds and specific flavonoids upon infection with the pathogen was found in induced and/ or infected seedlings compared with healthy plants. In addition to inducing disease resistance, the treatments were accompanied by significant increases in crop parameters and seed yield compared with untreated controls.  相似文献   

Breeder age affects small intestine development of broiler chicks with immediate or delayed access to feed     

Mahmoud KZ  Edens FW 《British poultry science》2012,53(1):32-41

1. The relationship between breeder age and chick gastrointestinal tract development to 21 days of age, as influenced by immediate or delayed access to feed, was examined in three consecutive trials.

2. Ross 708 chicks, derived from breeder flocks at 31 (young), 40 (middle) and 63 (old) weeks of age were placed randomly into either a control group with immediate access to feed and water, or a 48?h feed delayed (FD) group with free access to water.

3. FD negatively affected body weight (BW) of chicks derived from young and old flocks through the first and second weeks of age, respectively. Chicks from the older flock absorbed more yolk in the first 48?h with no FD effect. When feed was made available, chicks from the FD group showed a large increase in small intestine weight relative to BW, surpassing (P? 4. Morphological measurements in all intestinal sections had higher values in chicks derived from the middle age breeder flock. FD to newly hatched chicks from the young breeder flock shortened villi (P?P? 5. Crypt depths were maximised between 7 and 14?d post-hatch in chicks from young and old breeder flocks, but crypt depths in chicks from the middle aged flocks continued to deepen.

6. The increased crypt depth may augment the number of enterocytes available for villus growth, and facilitate longer villi and greater villus surface area, in chicks from the middle age flocks. Intestinal morphological variation was associated with breeder flock age, which accounted for differential growth in chicks derived from young, middle, and old aged breeder flocks.  相似文献   

Potent antiviral flavone glycosides from Ficus benjamina leaves     

Yarmolinsky L  Huleihel M  Zaccai M  Ben-Shabat S 《Fitoterapia》2012,83(2):362-367

Crude ethanol extracts from Ficus benjamina leaves strongly inhibit Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1/2) as well as Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) cell infection in vitro. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the crude extract demonstrated that the most efficient inhibition of HSV-1 and HSV-2 was obtained with the flavonoid fraction. The present study was aimed to further isolate, purify and identify substances with potent antiviral activity from the flavonoid fraction of F. benjamina extracts. Flavonoids were collected from the leaf ethanol extracts through repeated purification procedure and HPLC analysis. The antiviral activity of each substance was then evaluated in cell culture. Three known flavone glycosides, (1) quercetin 3-O-rutinoside, (2) kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside and (3) kaempferol 3-O-robinobioside, showing highest antiviral efficiency were selected and their structure was determined by spectroscopic analyses including NMR and mass spectrometry (MS). These three flavones were highly effective against HSV-1 reaching a selectivity index (SI) of 266, 100 and 666 for compound 1, 2 and 3, respectively, while the SI of their aglycons, quercetin and kaempferol amounted only in 7.1 and 3.2, respectively. Kaempferol 3-O-robinobioside showed similar SI to that of acyclovir (ACV), the standard anti-HSV drug. Although highly effective against HSV-1 and HSV-2, these flavone glycosides did not show any significant activity against VZV.  相似文献   

Beneficial impacts of bee pollen in animal production,reproduction and health     

Sameh A. Abdelnour  Mohamed E. Abd El‐Hack  Mahmoud Alagawany  Mayada R. Farag  Shaaban S. Elnesr 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2019,103(2):477-484

Bee pollen (BP) is one of the most useful therapeutic products favoured by natural medicine scientists because of its possible nutritional and medical applications. It exhibits many impacts such as antimicrobial, immunostimulating, antioxidants and hepatoprotective. Furthermore, BP has some useful therapeutic features in numerous pathological situations such as its impact to normalize wound healing. Based on previous literatures, the level of BP supplement in livestock and poultry ranged from 0.1 to 20 g/kg diet. This variation depends on the species, physiological status, age and purpose of addition; so far generally, it accepted to use the level with no side effects. It has been observed that BP enhanced growth performance, immunity responses and blood variables and had hypoglycaemic activity by reducing the lipid in the blood and carcass. Also, BP contains more nutrients, which stimulate faster differentiation and proliferation of the cells of immune system of birds. Therefore, the present review recommends that BP supplementation (up to 20 g/kg diet) had possible beneficial impacts, antioxidants and protective activities on most of the production, productive and health patterns of livestock.  相似文献   

Vitamin D Deficiency Impairs Spatial Learning in Adult Rats     

Mohsen Taghizadeh  Sayyed Alireza Talaei  Mahmoud Salami 《Iranian Biomedical Journal》2013,17(1):42-48

Background: Through its membrane and intracellular receptors, vitamin D regulates many vital functions in the body including its well known actions on musculoskeletal system. Growing body of evidences demonstrate that vitamin D undergoes some of behavioral aspects of neurocognition. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of food regimens without vitamin D or with a supplement of 1,25(OH)₂D3 on spatial performance of adult rats. Methods: The animals were trained in the Morris water maze to find a hidden platform. The time spent and the distance traveled to find the platform, speed of navigation and the percentage of unsuccessful trials were considered for assessment of the task learning. Results: Our findings indicated that the vitamin D-deprived rats had a significant lower performance compared to both the controls and the animals receiving 1,25(OH)₂D3 supplementation. Concerning the unsuccessful trials, lack of vitamin D resulted in the highest failures in the maze navigation. The regimen with additional 1,25(OH)₂D3 did not considerably influence learning of the maze task. Conclusion: We concluded that while vitamin D deficiency deteriorates the spatial task learning, the 1,25(OH)₂D3 supplementation did not effectively underlie the maze performance. Key Words: Vitamin D, Maze learning, Dietary supplements  相似文献   

Protective Effects of Interleukin-4 on Tissue Destruction and Morphological Changes of Bovine Nasal Chondrocytes in vitro     

Maryam Yadegari  Mahmoud Orazizadeh  Mahmoud Hashemitabar  Ali Khodadadi 《Iranian Biomedical Journal》2013,17(4):187-193

Background: Previous studies have shown that some cytokines have protective effects on cartilage in joint diseases. In the current study, effects of IL-4 against morphological changes and tissue degradation induced by IL-1α on bovine nasal cartilage (BNC) explants were investigated. Methods: Fresh BNC samples were prepared from a slaughterhouse under sterile conditions. BNC explants culture was treated with both IL-lα (10 ng/ml) and IL-4 (50 ng/ml) at the same time for 28 days. The morphological characteristics of explants were assessed by using histology techniques and invert microscopy. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) production was assessed within different days by using Western blotting. Results: IL-lα induced prominent cartilage morphology degradation. The pro and active form of MMP-1 band substantially increased at day 21 of culture. In the presence of both IL-lα and IL-4, chondrocytes preserved their ordinary normal phenotype with intact extracellular matrix. In addition, a significant reduction in pro-MMP-1and inhibition of active MMP-1 was seen. Conclusion: In conclusion, IL-4 could be regarded as a potential candidate in cartilage protecting against the degradation changes of IL-lα. It seems that the preservation effect of IL-4 is associated with significant reduction of MMP-1. Key Words: Chondrocyte, Interleukin-1α, Interleukin-4, Matrix metalloproteinase-1, Bovine nasal cartilage  相似文献   

Anti-acne activity of tannin-related compounds isolated from Terminalia laxiflora     

Ali Mahmoud Muddathir  Kosei Yamauchi  Tohru Mitsunaga 《Journal of Wood Science》2013,59(5):426-431

In our investigation to find out new anti-acne agent, we focused on Terminalia laxiflora Engl & Diels (Combretaceae) methanolic wood extract, which has been selected during previous screening experiments for anti-acne agents, which included 29 species of Sudanese medicinal plants. Based on the biologically guided fractionation using an antibacterial assay against Propionibacterium acnes, a lipase inhibitory assay and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity assay; five tannin-related compounds were isolated, such as ellagic acid, flavogallonic acid dilactone, terchebulin and gallic acid. Terchebulin showed good antibacterial activity; minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 125 μg/ml and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) = 250 μg/ml. Gallic acid exhibited lipase inhibitory activity with IC₅₀ value of 149.3 μM, which showed strong inhibition compared with terchebulin, IC₅₀ 260.7 μM. However, all compounds exhibited better or equal DPPH radical scavenging activity to (+)-catechin as positive control. Ellagic acid and terchebulin showed the best DPPH radical scavenging activities, IC₅₀ 4.86 and 4.90 μM, respectively. This study demonstrated that terchebulin has potentiality as an anti-acne agent.  相似文献