Germination,growth and ions uptake of moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) grown under saline condition     

Noreen Fatima  Muhammad Shahid  Ghulam Abbas  Mubshar Hussain  Muhammad Nafees 《Journal of plant nutrition》2018,41(12):1555-1565

Salinity is the major environmental stress that affects the growth and productivity of plants. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of salinity on growth and ions uptake by moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) plant. The experiment was carried out in two phases. Initially, a germination test was conducted in the laboratory under the different salinity levels (control, 5, 10, 15, and 20 dS m^?1) and found that moringa seeds were germinated only at 5 and 10 dS m^?1 salinity levels, and no germination occurred at higher salinity levels (15 and 20 dS m^?1). The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with five replications. In the second phase, three-week old nursery grown plants of moringa were shifted in pots under the five salinity levels (control, 5, 10, 15, and 20 dS m^?1). The experiment was laid out in CRD and replicated four times. In pot experiment, the root, shoot length, and dry weights were significantly affected by increasing the salinity levels. The uptake of K⁺ and Ca²⁺ was highly affected at different salinity levels as compared to control and Na⁺ ions accumulation was higher in roots rather than shoot. The results reveal that moringa plant can germinate, survive, and can be cultivated in areas with moderate saline condition.  相似文献   

Antibody Prevalence and Risk Factors for Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Women from Multan,Pakistan          下载免费PDF全文

M. M. Nazir  M. Akhtar  A. Maqbool  A. Waheed  M. A. Sajid  M. A. Ali  M. Oneeb  M. A. Alam  A. N. Ahmad  N. Nazir  S. Fatima  D. S. Lindsay 《Zoonoses and public health》2017,64(7):537-542

Toxoplasma gondii infections are prevalent in humans and warm‐blooded animals. Maternal infections during pregnancy may have devastating consequences for transplacentally infected neonates. This study was conducted to examine the seroprevalence of antibodies to T. gondii in pregnant women of childbearing age and determine risk factors associated with pregnancy history, pet ownership, social and cultural factors at Nishtar Hospital, Multan. Samples were collected from 403 women and examined using a commercially available enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The overall prevalence of antibodies to T. gondii was 17.6% (71) in the 403 samples collected from women. Antibodies to T. gondii were present in 19.4% (45) of 232 pregnant women and 15.2% (26) of the samples from 171 non‐pregnant women. This study identified miscarriage history, pet ownership, type of residence, marital status, source of drinking water and eating habits as significant (P < 0.05) risk factors associated with the presence of antibodies to T. gondii infection. Seroprevalence was not significantly different (P > 0.05) in women from different ethnic groups based upon lifestyle and culture.  相似文献   

Contribution of Nitrogen Fixed by Mung Bean to the Following Wheat Crop     

Noshin Ilyas  Fakhra Ambreen  Nazima Batool  Muhammad Arshad  Roomina Mazhar  Fatima Bibi 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2018,49(2):148-158

Crop rotation is a supportive management practice in which legumes greatly improve the growth and yield of subsequent cereal crops, particularly wheat. In this study, effects of mung bean (Vigna radiata)?? on the yield and quality of grains of following wheat crop were determined. An experiment was carried out with two sets of wheat (Triticum aestivum) crops: one grown following mung bean (Vigna radiata) crop and the other grown after a fallow period. Concentrations of macronutrients, sugar, protein, amino acids, and phytohormones of wheat were determined. The grain protein concentration of wheat was improved if cultivated after mung bean, and nitrogen and other macronutrients of wheat were increased significantly. In case of phytohormone contents in the wheat crop, abscisic acid concentration showed no change, but the concentrations of gibberellin increased significantly by 41% and indole acetic acid by 30% as a result of crop rotation. Sugar content in wheat cultivated after mung bean BRM-318 showed 10% increase and wheat protein content increased by 17% and 20%, respectively. The present study demonstrated that crop rotation simulated yield and improved the nutritional value of wheat grain compared to wheat which followed the fallow period.  相似文献   

Resistance to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Meloidogyne incognita</Emphasis> expresses a hypersensitive-like response in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Coffea arabica</Emphasis>     

Erika Valéria Saliba Albuquerque  Poliene Martins Costa  Ana Cristina Meneses Mendes Gomes  Marcilene Santos  Antonio Alves Pereira  Michel Nicole  Diana Fernandez  Maria Fatima Grossi-de-Sa 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,127(3):365-373

Root-knot nematodes (RKN) are obligate parasite species of the genus Meloidogyne that cause great losses in Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) plantations. Identification of resistant genotypes would facilitate the improvement of coffee varieties aiming at an environmental friendly and costless nematode control. In this work, the C. arabica genotype ‘UFV 408-28’ was found to be resistant to the most destructive RKN species M. incognita. Pathogenicity assays indicated that the highly aggressive populations of M. incognita races 1, 2 and 3 were not able to successfully reproduce on ‘UFV 408-28’ roots and displayed a low gall index (GI = 2). An average reduction of 87% reduction of the M. incognita population was observed on ‘UFV 408-28’ when compared to the susceptible cultivar ‘IAC 15’. By contrast, ‘UFV 408-28’ was susceptible to the related species M. exigua and M. paranaensis (GI = 5 and 4, respectively). Histological observations performed on sections of UFV408-28 roots infected with M. incognita race 1 showed that nematode infection could be blocked right after penetration or during migration and establishment stages, at 6 days, 7 days and 8 days after infection (DAI). Fluorescence and bright field microscopy observations showed that root cells surrounding the nematodes exhibited HR-like features such as accumulation of phenolic compounds and a necrotic cell aspect. In the susceptible ‘IAC 15’ roots, 6 DAI, feeding sites contained giant cells with a dense cytoplasm. Necrotic cells were never observed throughout the entire infection cycle. The HR-like phenotype observed in the ‘UFV 408-28’—M. incognita interaction suggests that the coffee resistance may be mediated by a R-gene based immunity system and may therefore provide new insights for understanding the molecular basis of RKN resistance in perennial crops.  相似文献   

Maize Genotypes Differing in Salt Resistance Vary in Jasmonic Acid Accumulation During the First Phase of Salt Stress          下载免费PDF全文

A. N. Shahzad  B. Pitann  H. Ali  M. F. Qayyum  A. Fatima  H. F. Bakhat 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2015,201(6):443-451

Plant hormones are considered to play an important role in plant adaptation to drought and salt stress. The objective of the study was to investigate the changes in endogenous jasmonic acid (JA) in relation to differences in the salt resistance of maize genotypes. Two maize genotypes (SR 03 and Across 8023) were compared for changes in water relations, growth and tissue JA levels in response to 100 mm NaCl. Salt stress significantly reduced the shoot growth of both genotypes; however, SR 03 exhibited significantly less reduction in relative shoot fresh weight than Across 8023. Both genotypes showed an identical response to salt stress regarding plant water relations; therefore, genotypic differences in the salt resistance could not be attributed to changes in shoot turgor and these results were further confirmed by the response of both genotypes under equiosmotic stress (?0.49 MPa) of either 100 mm NaCl or PEG‐6000. GC‐MS/MS analysis showed that salt stress did not alter shoot JA levels of both genotypes, however significantly increased the root JA levels of Across 8023. In contrast, root JA levels of salt‐resistant SR 03 did not change by salt stress. Increase in root JA levels in response to stress treatments does not coincide with the growth inhibition of shoot in Across 8023. In contrast, both PEG and NaCl did not change the JA concentrations in both root and shoot tissues of SR 03. Growth assays with maize seedlings showed that JA supply in root medium inhibits shoot extension growth and both maize genotypes were sensitive to the inhibitory effects of JA. These results suggest that maize genotypes differ in JA accumulation during the first phase of salt stress and JA may indirectly be involved in leaf growth inhibition of the salt‐sensitive genotype. In addition, our results also showed that treatment of salt‐stressed plants with exogenous JA improved the Na⁺ exclusion by decreasing the Na⁺ uptake at the root surface.  相似文献   

Characterization of virulence reactions for Heterodera avenae populations from two localities in Algeria     

Fatima Haddadi  Aïssa Mokabli  Richard W. Smiley 《Phytoparasitica》2013,41(4):449-456

Heterodera avenae is widely distributed in areas where most cereal crops are produced in Algeria. However, the virulence of the Algerian populations of this nematode on individual cereal species and cultivars has not been well documented. The virulence of H. avenae populations from Tiaret and from Oued Smar were tested under natural outdoor conditions and in an in vitro test to determine reactions of nine barley, oat and wheat cultivars selected from the International differential assortment for identifying pathotypes of H. avenae. All nine cereal differentials expressed the same reactions to both populations. The nematodes reproduced well on the barley cultivar ‘Emir’ and the wheat cultivar ‘Capa’. Resistant entries included the barley cultivars ‘Siri’, ‘Ortolan’ and ‘Morocco’, the oat cultivars ‘Nidar II’ and ‘A. sterilis I.376’, and the wheat cultivars ‘Loros’ and ‘AUS10894’. This matrix of reactions indicated that H. avenae populations from both locations were characterized as H. avenae Group 1 pathotypes but did not conclusively distinguish among pathotypes Ha21, Ha31 or Ha81. The Cre1 gene was identified as a potentially valuable source of resistance when developing wheat cultivars intended for release into these localities.  相似文献   

Impact of Exogenous Application of Salicylic Acid on Growth,Water Status And Antioxidant Enzyme Activity of Strawberry Plants (Fragaria vesca L.) Under Salt Stress Conditions     

Lamnai  Kamal  Anaya  Fatima  Fghire  Rachid  Zine  Hamza  Wahbi  Said  Loutfi  Kenza 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2021,73(4):465-478

Irrigation with saline water can act as an alternate water resource and thus plays an important role in saving freshwater resources as well as promoting agriculture. Furthermore, salinity stress is considered one of the major abiotic stress factors, which strongly reduces crop productivity. In this context, the present work was conducted to examine the effect of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) application on salt stress tolerance of strawberry plants. For this purpose, strawberry plants (Fragaria vesca L.), three months old, were treated with three SA concentrations (0?mM, 0.25?mM and 0.5?mM), then subjected to 80?mM NaCl or not. After five weeks of treatment, growth responses, water status, photochemical efficiency and oxidative stress indicators were measured. The obtained results showed that irrigation with saline water negatively affected the growth parameters, the leaf water potential (LWP), the relative water content (RWC), the stomatal conductance (gs) and photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm). While, the total protein content, the electrolyte leakage (EL), the malondialdehyde (MDA) and the hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) contents were increased in stressed plants compared to unstressed ones. Salt stress also leads to the activation of the antioxidant enzymes. However, the exogenous application of SA under salt stress conditions reduced the H₂O₂ accumulation, the electrolyte leakage and the MDA content. It has also improved the growth parameters, the LWP, the RWC, the gs, the Fv/Fm, the protein content and the antioxidant enzyme activities (POD, CAT and SOD) in the treated plants compared to those without SA application. Therefore, the beneficial effect of 0.25?mM SA on Fragaria vesca L. salinity tolerance may provide some practical basis for strawberry cultivation under saline conditions.

  相似文献   

Seed dimorphism,chromosome number and karyotype of the amphicarpic species <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trifolium argentinense</Emphasis> Speg.     

Ionara Fatima Conterato  Maria Teresa Schifino-Wittmann  Miguel Dall′Agnol 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2010,57(5):727-731

Amphicarpy, a specialized form of dimorphism where fruits and seeds are formed in underground and aerial flowers, has been reported in only ca. 50 flowering plants. Trifolium argentinense Speg. is an amphicarpic legume species that occurs in native pastures of Southern Brazil. Data on seed dimorphism, chromosome number and karyotype of the species are presented for the first time. T. argentinense is diploid, with 2n = 2x = 16. Chromosome size range from ca. 2.8 to 1.6 μm, the karyotypic formula is 3 metacentric + 1 satellite-bearing metacentric + 3 acrocentric + 1 subacrocentric and a TCL (total complement length) of 18.10 μm. All the subterranean, but around 70% of the aerial legumes formed seeds. Subterranean seeds were larger and heavier (2.1 mm and 0.0029 g, respectively) than the aerial ones (1.8 mm and 0.0016 g, respectively). As a follow up to this work, we plan to characterize aerial and subterranean-seed-derived plants regarding aspects such as growing rate, height, leaf size and forage production, as well as to determine the exact mode of reproduction of T. argentinense by pollination experiments and the use of molecular markers.  相似文献   

Type, density, and location of immune cells within human colorectal tumors predict clinical outcome     

Galon J  Costes A  Sanchez-Cabo F  Kirilovsky A  Mlecnik B  Lagorce-Pagès C  Tosolini M  Camus M  Berger A  Wind P  Zinzindohoué F  Bruneval P  Cugnenc PH  Trajanoski Z  Fridman WH  Pagès F 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,313(5795):1960-1964

The role of the adaptive immune response in controlling the growth and recurrence of human tumors has been controversial. We characterized the tumor-infiltrating immune cells in large cohorts of human colorectal cancers by gene expression profiling and in situ immunohistochemical staining. Collectively, the immunological data (the type, density, and location of immune cells within the tumor samples) were found to be a better predictor of patient survival than the histopathological methods currently used to stage colorectal cancer. The results were validated in two additional patient populations. These data support the hypothesis that the adaptive immune response influences the behavior of human tumors. In situ analysis of tumor-infiltrating immune cells may therefore be a valuable prognostic tool in the treatment of colorectal cancer and possibly other malignancies.  相似文献   

Ecological populations of bacteria act as socially cohesive units of antibiotic production and resistance     

OX Cordero  H Wildschutte  B Kirkup  S Proehl  L Ngo  F Hussain  F Le Roux  T Mincer  MF Polz 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6099):1228-1231

In animals and plants, social structure can reduce conflict within populations and bias aggression toward competing populations; however, for bacteria in the wild it remains unknown whether such population-level organization exists. Here, we show that environmental bacteria are organized into socially cohesive units in which antagonism occurs between rather than within ecologically defined populations. By screening approximately 35,000 possible mutual interactions among Vibrionaceae isolates from the ocean, we show that genotypic clusters known to have cohesive habitat association also act as units in terms of antibiotic production and resistance. Genetic analyses show that within populations, broad-range antibiotics are produced by few genotypes, whereas all others are resistant, suggesting cooperation between conspecifics. Natural antibiotics may thus mediate competition between populations rather than solely increase the success of individuals.  相似文献