Biodiversity conservation in human-modified Amazonian forest landscapes     

Carlos A. Peres  Toby A. Gardner  Jansen Zuanon  Alexander C. Lees  Fatima M.S. Moreira 《Biological conservation》2010,143(10):2314-3276

Amazonia (sensu lato) is by far the largest tropical forest region, but has succumbed to the highest absolute rates of tropical deforestation and forest degradation, driven by rapid frontier expansion, road-building, and spontaneous or government-subsidized migration. The large area-through-time and paleo-climatic stability of Amazonian forests may help explain the high regional to local scale plant and animal species diversity of true forest specialists and high ecological sensitivity to contemporary land-use change. We describe the prevailing forms of anthropogenic disturbance that affect forest organisms in the context of the geographic and evolutionary background that has shaped the degree to which forest species may be resilient to environmental change. The fate of Amazonian biodiversity will partly depend upon the interaction between land-use and climate change, and the extent to which seasonally-dry forests can retain immunity against catastrophic recurrent wildfires. This review illustrates the importance of considering interactions between different forms of forest disturbance to develop effective conservation policy. We conclude with some considerations of the policy agenda necessary to protect forest cover and forest biodiversity at a meaningful scale across the Amazonian biome.  相似文献   

Intra-specific Variation for Salt Tolerance in Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)     

M. Ashraf  H. Fatima 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1994,173(3-4):193-203

Thirty-six accessions of linseed ( Linum usitatissimum L.) were screened for salt tolerance at the seedling stage after 2 weeks growth in solution culture salinized with 150mol m⁻³ NaCL Considerable variation in salt tolerance was observed in this set of germplasm. Two salt-tolerant accessions, T-5(69-S9)B and LS-2 and two salt-sensitive accessions P-70 and Aver-Rer-Seic, selected at the seedling stage, were grown to maturity in sand culture salinized with 0 (control), 70, 140, and 210 mol m⁻³ NaCl. Both the salt-tolerant accessions exceeded the two salt-sensitive accessions in biomass production, seed yield, and yield components, but the accessions did not differ significantly in seed oil content in the salt treatments. The tolerant accessions accumulated greater amounts of Na⁺ in the shoots and less in the roots compared with the salt-sensitive accessions. The shoot K⁺, K: Na ratios, and K⁺ versus Na⁺ selectivity were lower in the salt-tolerant accessions compared with the salt-sensitive accessions; the reverse was true for their roots. Contributions of Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ to osmotic adjustment were much higher in the two salt-tolerant accessions than in the salt-sensitive ones.
It has been established that there is a great deal of variation for salt tolerance in linseed. The degree of salt tolerance of this crop does not vary during ontogeny. The physiological basis of salt tolerance of this species appears to be associated with the inclusion of Na⁺ in the shoots.  相似文献   

Wastes to be the source of nutrients and energy to mitigate climate change and ensure future sustainability: options and strategies     

Mukhtar Ahmed  Shakeel Ahmad  Muhammad Tariq  Zartash Fatima  Zohra Aslam  Muhammad Ali Raza 《Journal of plant nutrition》2020,43(6):896-920

Abstract

Waste production is associated with human inhabitation and its rate is increasing over time. Globally, the major proportion of waste is disposed of through landfilling and open dumping, which is environmentally unsafe due to emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Thus, in order to avoid emission of GHGs from wastes it is important to use techniques that can convert wastes to energy/nutrients on eco-friendly economical way. Furthermore, quantification of the impacts of these waste management techniques on ecosystem is also needed through the application of tools like modeling, remote sensing, geographical information system (GIS), Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and life cycle assessments (LCA). Thus, this review was conducted by considering focus on potential of nutrient and energy recovery techniques from various types of wastes and approaches to enhance the efficiency of the process. The outcomes depicted that the aerobic and anaerobic digestion is suitable to deal with biodegradable and organic fraction of the waste, but anaerobic digestion seem to be more sustainable waste management techniques. Additionally, the review covers the techniques to drive energy and recover nutrient from non-biodegradable proportion. Different modern analytical tools; such as remote sensing, GIS and simple/dynamic models could be useful tool to help in the decision-making processes for waste managements. These tools can help us to design integrated solid waste management processes. Finally, we suggest that LCA should be considered to determine the environmental load of material/product from its production to final disposal (from cradle to grave).  相似文献   

Effects of plant growth regulators and light intensity on the micropropagation of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Mejhoul     

Reda Meziani  Fatima Jaiti  Mouaad Amine Mazri  Mohamed Anjarne  Mustapha Ait Chitt  Jamal El Fadile  Chakib Alem 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2015,18(5):325-331

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Sero-molecular survey and risk factors of equine piroplasmosis in horses in Spain     

Eliazar Camino  Aranzazu Buendia  Abel Dorrego  Pilar Pozo  Lucía de Juan  Lucas Dominguez  Fatima Cruz-Lopez 《Equine veterinary journal》2021,53(4):771-779

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Field and controlled conditions screenings of some faba bean (Vicia faba L.) genotypes for resistance to the parasitic plant Orobanche crenata Forsk. and investigation of involved resistance mechanisms     

Briache  Fatima Zahra  Ennami  Mounia  Mbasani-Mansi  Joseph  Gaboun  Fatima  Abdelwahd  Rabha  Fatemi  Zain El Abidine  El-Rodeny  Walid  Amri  Moez  Triqui  Zine El Abidine  Mentag  Rachid 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2019,126(3):211-224

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The parasitic weed Orobanche crenata is a serious constraint to legumes crops in Mediterranean area. In Morocco, heavy O. crenata infestation level was...  相似文献   

Effects of carbohydrate sources on growth,body composition and tissue lipid deposition of blackspot seabream,Pagellus bogaraveo (Brunnich)     

Luísa M. P. Valente  Mercedes Olmedo  Pedro Borges  Silvia Soares  Emidio F. S. Gomes  Blanca Álvarez‐Blázquez  Gemma Pazos  Fatima Linares 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2010,94(2):212-219

Rearing blackspot seabream has been associated with low growth rates and excessive lipid accumulation, resulting in a reduction of the edible yield. The effect of extruded diets containing different carbohydrate sources (wheat vs. wheat bran) was evaluated on 100 g blackspot seabream growth performance, feed utilization and fat deposition, taking into consideration the optimal dietary protein and lipid level described for smaller‐sized fish. A fish meal‐based diet was also tested as a control to assure maximal growth rates were achieved. The experiment was held in sea cages at environmental conditions. Duplicate groups of fish were distributed among six cages with a stocking density of 1.3 kg/m³ and hand‐fed each diet for 7 months. At the end of the experiment, fish in all groups doubled their body weight attaining 190–230 g. Specific growth rate (0.3–04), feed conversion ratio (1.3–1.6) and protein gain (0.5–0.6 g/kg/day) were similar among treatments. The Hepatosomatic Index, the Viscerosomatic Index and final whole body composition did not vary significantly among dietary treatments; nevertheless, the inclusion of wheat bran induced a significant increase of liver lipid content and the highest mesenteric fat index. All diets were effective in reducing whole body and mesenteric fat compared with initial values.  相似文献   

Identification of some main <Emphasis Type="Italic">Streptococcus iniae</Emphasis> associated proteins: relationship     

Fatima El Aamri  José Ángel Guillén  Daniel Padilla  Félix Acosta  Fernando Real 《Veterinary research communications》2017,41(2):85-95

The surface-associated proteins play a key role in bacterial physiology and pathogenesis, and are the major targets in the development of new vaccines. These proteins contribute to the adaptation of bacteria to different hosts and environments. To study differences at the genomic level, we first sequenced the whole genome of Streptococcus iniae from fish (IUSA-1 strain) and compared it to Streptococcus iniae from human (9117 strain), revealing a high similitude between both strains. To gain further insights into host- and environment-specific differences, we then studied proteins in silico and by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. This approach successfully identified 54 secreted and surface proteins, including several proteins involved in cell wall synthesis and transport of solutes, as well as proteins with yet unknown function. These proteins highlight as interesting targets for further investigation in the interaction between Streptococcus iniae and its environment. Results reported in this study have shown a first analysis about the predicted and experimental associated proteins of Streptococcus iniae isolated from two different hosts: human and fish.  相似文献   

Erratum to: Identification of some main <Emphasis Type="Italic">Streptococcus iniae</Emphasis> associated proteins: relationship     

Fatima El Aamri  José Ángel Guillén  Daniel Padilla  Jimena Bravo  Belinda Vega  Félix Acosta  Fernando Real 《Veterinary research communications》2017,41(2):97-97

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Validation of simple sequence repeats associated with quality traits in durum wheat     

Lamiae Amallah  Mouna Taghouti  Keltoum Rhrib  Fatima Gaboun  Moustapha Arahou  Rachida Hassikou  Ghizlane Diria 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2016,19(2):137-150

Over recent years, quality has become an important commercial issue for durum wheat breeders. Modern breeding methods are most efficient for producing and supplying the best quality raw materials to the pasta industry. Here we assessed the effectiveness of molecular marker-assisted selection of quality traits in durum wheat. To this end, DNA and quality trait markers were jointly used to analyze quality-related traits in a durum wheat collection. A total of 132 durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) Mediterranean landraces, international lines, and Moroccan cultivars were analyzed for seven important qualityrelated traits including thousand-kernel weight (TKW), test weight (TW), gluten strength, yellow pigment (YP), and grain protein content (GPC). Additionally, 18 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers previously reported to be associated with different quality traits were analyzed. Of these, 14 (78%) were polymorphic and four were monomorphic. There were between two and seven alleles per locus, with an average of four alleles per locus. The average phenotypic variation value (R²) ranged from 2.81 to 20.43%. Association analysis identified nine markers significantly associated with TKW, TW, and YP, followed by eight markers associated with GPC, six markers associated with yellow index b, four markers associated with brightness L, and three markers associated with SDS-sedimentation volume. This study highlights the efficiency of SSR technology, which holds promise for a wide range of applications in marker-assisted wheat breeding programs.  相似文献