苍蝇对杧果的传粉作用及其与温度的关系     

朱建华  欧世金  麦福珍  何全光  徐宁  彭宏祥 《热带作物学报》2006,27(4)

通过架设防虫网、人工养蝇、引蝇访花并选择不同天气类型观察苍蝇、蜂和其他种类昆虫在杧果(Mangifera indica)花穗上的活动情况,研究杧果传粉的主导因子、人工养蝇和引蝇访花对提高杧果授粉受精率的效果,以及在不同天气类型情况下温度对主要传粉昆虫苍蝇访花活动的影响。结果表明,杧果主要传粉媒介为昆虫,其中苍蝇在杧果传粉中起主要作用,其次为蜂。苍蝇在杧果花穗上的活动主要受温度影响,不同天气类型对苍蝇访花活动也有影响,在晴天天气条件下苍蝇在花穗上的活动时间和温度范围都较大。人工养蝇和引蝇访花可大幅度提高杧果受精发育果的比例。  相似文献   

More about the potato nematode,Heterodera rostochiensis Woll., in Peru     

Maria Mayer de Scurrah  W. F. Mai  R. L. Plaisted 《American Journal of Potato Research》1973,50(2):58-61

Thirteen resistant selections ofS. tuberosum hybrids bred in the U.S.A. and Europe and 44 diploid clones derived fromS. vernei, S. spegazzinii, S. neohawkesii, andS. sanctaerosae each with resistance to one or more pathotypes ofH. rostochiensis were tested for their resistance to three Peruvian populations of this nematode. Only one diploid clone ofS. sanctatrosae was found to be resistant to the three populations of nematodes, but several clones were resistant to one or another of the nematode populations. More clones were found to resist the nematode population collected near Cuzco than those populations collected near Huancayo or Otuzco. Morphometric measurements of body length, stylet length, and distance of median valve to excretory pore, of second stage larvae showed great variation and no clear difference among the three populations. The measurements obtained were closer to pathotype E from England than to any other recognized pathotypes.  相似文献   

杧果种质资源若干植物学数量性状评价指标探讨   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

朱敏  陈业渊  高爱平  麦贤家 《热带作物学报》2009,30(12):1718-1724

为建立或完善中国数量化、规范化的杧果种质资源描述系统,以便更好地为中国杧果种质资源的研究工作服务,2007～2009年7月,在海南儋州市中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所杧果种质圃内进行杧果品种(种质)资源的叶片长度、叶片宽度、叶柄长度、花序长度、花序宽度、花直径、果实纵径、果实横径、果实侧径、核长度、核宽度和核厚度等12项植物学数量性状指标的测定.结果表明, 12个数量性状均存在10%以上的变异系数,叶柄长度、果实纵径和果核长度呈偏态分布,其他9项呈正态分布.根据分析结果,提出了性状分级标准,建议将12个植物学数量性状分为1～5个等级,每个等级提出2个参照品种,1个国外品种,1个国内品种.该研究为中国杧果种质资源描述系统数量化、规范化的建立或完善奠定基础.  相似文献   

利用分子标记辅助选择聚合Pi-1和Pi-2基因改良两系不育系稻瘟病抗性   总被引：17，自引：2，他引：15  

柳武革  王丰  金素娟  朱小源  李金华  刘振荣  廖亦龙  朱满山  黄慧君  符福鸿  刘宜柏 《作物学报》2008,34(7):1128-1136

以含广谱稻瘟病抗性基因Pi-1和Pi-2的BL122为供体, 温敏核不育系GD-7S为受体, 通过杂交、回交和自交并结合分子标记辅助选择, 将Pi-1、Pi-2基因导入温敏核不育系GD-7S中, 获得5个携带两个抗性基因的纯合改良不育株系。利用34个广东代表性稻瘟病菌株接种鉴定, 5个改良株系的抗性频率为94.12%~97.06%, 而对照GD-7S抗性频率仅为17.65%; 自然病圃诱发鉴定5个改良株系的叶瘟和穗颈瘟均为0级, 表现高抗。经自然条件和人工气候箱育性鉴定, 改良株系与对照均为无或少花粉败育类型, 自交结实率为0, 说明不育起点温度与对照基本一致。统计分析表明, 除剑叶长和每株穗数外, 改良株系与对照在其他农艺性状方面均无显著差异。与恢复系L38杂交, 改良株系的杂种F1与对照的F1大多农艺性状无显著差异, 说明改良株系基本保持了GD-7S的农艺性状和配合力。  相似文献   

不同品种宁夏枸杞果实糖积累差异的生理原因   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

郑国琦  罗霄  买立芸  王俊 《农业科学研究》2009,30(1)

以宁杞1号和宁杞3号枸杞品种为材料,分别对2个品种的果实单粒鲜质量、横纵径、糖含量、淀粉含量及蔗糖代谢相关酶活性的变化进行测定,并对果实糖积累的差异进行研究.结果表明:果实发育过程中,2个品种的果实单粒鲜质量均持续增长,但增长速度不同;与宁杞1号不同,宁杞3号在果实发育后期其横径仍大幅增长;2个品种的果实均以积累己糖为主,在发育过程中己糖含量总体均呈递增趋势,但糖的积累量存在较大差异;果实中转化酶活性的高低是影响其糖分构成的主要原因;2个品种果实品质的差异主要是由果实中糖分含量和种类差异造成的.  相似文献   

农杆菌敏感小麦基因型的筛选及其转化   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7  

叶兴国  王艳丽  康乐  杜丽璞  徐惠君 《作物学报》2005,31(12):1552-1556

利用C58c1农杆菌菌株（其携带的pPTN290质粒载体上含有nptⅡ 基因和GUS基因）为供体材料和小麦幼胚为受体材料,对我国35个春小麦基因型进行了农杆菌敏感性研究和转化研究。组织化学染色结果表明,PM97034、P187、巴140105、扬麦158、新春9号和克丰6号等基因型农杆菌感染后GUS基因瞬时表达率达到了15.0% ~ 30.0%,显著高于模式基因型Bobwhite。其余幼胚分别在含10-25mg/L G418培养基上诱导愈伤组织和分化植株,抗性再生植株经ELISA检测、PCR检测、叶片离体退绿检测、X-Gluc染色检测和Southerm blot检测,最终从新春9号和PM97034的农秆菌转化效率高于Bobwhite. Southerm blot检测结果同时表明,外源基因在多数转基因植株中表现为单拷贝整合。T₁代植株ELISA检测结果和PCR检测结果表明,外源基因在个别株系中的分离符合孟德尔遗传规律,而在多数株系中的分离偏离了孟德尔遗传规律。阳性植株与阴性植株分离比经X²。适合性检测,表明外源基因在多数株系中的遗传符合3：1分离规律。本文首次对不同小麦基因型进行了农秆菌敏感和转化效率研究,筛选到新春9号和PM97034两个对农杆菌比较敏感且转化效率比较高的基因型,可望广泛用于小麦转基因研究。  相似文献   

饲料水分的快速测定方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

麦肇伦 《广东饲料》2000,9(4):5-5

国标法（ＧＢ６４３５ -８６）测定饲料中水分的含量结果准确 ,但时间较长。本实验方便快捷 ,而且可节约成本 ,对中小型企业有一定的实用价值。１说明本实验的仪器设备、试样选取和制备、结果计算等全部与国标法相同 ,所测试样全部为本厂生产的饲料成品或进货的饲料原料。２测定步骤洁净称样皿 ,在１３０±２℃烘箱中烘１ｈ ,取出 ,在干燥器中冷却３０ｍｉｎ ,称准至０ ０００２ｇ,再烘干３０ｍｉｎ ,同样冷却 ,称重 ,直至两次重量之差小于０ ０００５ｇ为恒重。用已恒重称样皿称取两份平行试样 ,每份２～５ｇ（含水重０ １ｇ以上 ,样品厚度…  相似文献   

Prior infection with antigenically heterologous low pathogenic avian influenza viruses interferes with the lethality of the H5 highly pathogenic strain in domestic ducks     

Kosuke SODA  Maya YAMANE  Chiharu HIDAKA  Kozue MIURA  Trang T. H. UNG  Hang L. K. NGUYEN  Hiroshi ITO  Mai Q. LE  Toshihiro ITO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(12):1899

Low and highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs and HPAIVs, respectively) have been co-circulating in poultry populations in Asian, Middle Eastern, and African countries. In our avian-flu surveillance in Vietnamese domestic ducks, viral genes of LPAIV and HPAIV have been frequently detected in the same individual. To assess the influence of LPAIV on the pathogenicity of H5 HPAIV in domestic ducks, an experimental co-infection study was performed. One-week-old domestic ducks were inoculated intranasally and orally with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (control) or 10⁶ EID₅₀ of LPAIVs (A/duck/Vietnam/LBM678/2014 (H6N6) or A/Muscovy duck/Vietnam/LBM694/2014 (H9N2)). Seven days later, these ducks were inoculated with HPAIV (A/Muscovy duck/Vietnam/LBM808/2015 (H5N6)) in the same manner. The respective survival rates were 100% and 50% in ducks pre-infected with LBM694 or LBM678 strains and both higher than the survival of the control group (25%). The virus titers in oral/cloacal swabs of each LPAIV pre-inoculation group were significantly lower at 3–5 days post-HPAIV inoculation. Notably, almost no virus was detected in swabs from surviving individuals of the LBM678 pre-inoculation group. Antigenic cross-reactivity among the viruses was not observed in the neutralization test. These results suggest that pre-infection with LPAIV attenuates the pathogenicity of HPAIV in domestic ducks, which might be explained by innate and/or cell-mediated immunity induced by the initial infection with LPAIV.  相似文献   

基于自压滴灌工程过滤装置尺寸的确定及应用     

穆哈西  杰恩斯&#;马坦  吾买尔&#;吐尔逊 《节水灌溉》2017,(1)

由于新疆牧业灌区无电供应,水源无法过滤,实现滴灌工程难,目前采用地面灌溉。地形坡度大、灌水量多、大量水土流失。灌区下游排水不畅,洼地沼泽化面积剧增,地下水位上升导致土壤盐碱化,弃田面积逐渐扩大、种植面积萎缩。为了解决上述问题,充分利用地形落差,研制了自压滴灌工程过滤装置。同时渠道进水流量、调水池的调节流量、集水桶流量及系统流量之间建立了平衡关系。用实例说明不同地形落差与自压滴灌工程系统流量及过滤装置尺寸的计算过程。解决了自压滴灌工程水源的过滤、排沙、冲沙及自行冲洗等问题。为无电牧业灌区实现节水灌溉技术提供依据。  相似文献   

Effects of Dietary Binders on Survival and Growth Performance of Postlarval Tongue Sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis (Günther)     

Feng  Liu  Qinghui  Ai  Kangsen  Mai  Beiping  Tan  Hongming  Ma  Wei  Xu  Wenbing  Zhang  Zhiguo  LiuFu 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2008,39(4):500-509

A 30‐d feeding experiment was conducted in tanks to investigate the effects of four different binders (2% in microdiet) on the survival, growth performance, and specific activity of digestive enzymes in tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther, postlarvae (24 d after hatching, with initial average wet weight of 22.4 ± 6.65 mg [mean ± SD]). Five approximately isonitrogenous and isoenergetic microbound diets were formulated with carrageenan (Car), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMS), sodium alginate (SA), and gelatin (Gel) as binders, and a diet with no special binder as a control. A commercial diet (RQ Com., manufactured by Marubeni Nisshin Feed Co., Ltd., Chita, Japan) was used as another tested diet, and Artemia nauplii was used as live prey control. The results showed that the survival of the fish fed SA diet (31.3%) was significantly higher than that of fish fed CMS (21.8%), Car (10.8%), and control (21.8%) diets (P < 0.05), but significantly lower than that of the fish fed the live prey (54.5%) diet (P < 0.05). The results of growth followed the similar pattern as that of survival, although there were no significant differences in specific growth rate (SGR) among fish fed SA, CMS, Gel, the control, and RQ diets (7.2, 6.8, 7.0, 6.9, and 7.3% per day; P > 0.05). However, fish fed Car diet had a significantly lower SGR (5.9% per day) than fish fed other diets. Percentages of secreted amylase in fish fed artificial diets were not significantly different, but fish fed artificial diets had significantly higher (P < 0.05) secreted amylase than live prey group. Percentage of secreted trypsin in fish fed SA diet (54.9%) was relatively higher compared with other binders, and not significantly different from RQ Com. and live prey treatments. However, trypsin in fish fed Car diets (29.3%) was significantly lower than in other groups. Specific activities of alkaline phosphatase (AP) in the intestine and AP and leucine aminopeptidase N in brush border membranes in fish fed SA diet (264.6, 1882.8, and 187.2 mU/mg protein) were relatively higher compared with other binders. These results indicate that SA is one of suitable binders compared with carrageenan, CMS, and gelatin in microdiet of postlarval tongue sole.  相似文献