Growth and nutrient removal rates of Spirulina platensis and Nostoc muscorum in fish culture effluent: a laboratory-scale study     

Dibyendu Kamilya  Sudipto Sarkar  Tapas K Maiti  Sukumar Bandyopadhyay  & Bimal C Mal 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(15):1594-1597

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Facing up to the paradigm of ecological intensification in agronomy: Revisiting methods,concepts and knowledge     

Thierry Doré  David Makowski  Eric Malézieux  Nathalie Munier-Jolain  Marc Tchamitchian  Pablo Tittonell 《European Journal of Agronomy》2011,34(4):197-210

Agriculture is facing up to an increasing number of challenges, including the need to ensure various ecosystem services and to resolve apparent conflicts between them. One of the ways forward for agriculture currently being debated is a set of principles grouped together under the umbrella term “ecological intensification”. In published studies, ecological intensification has generally been considered to be based essentially on the use of biological regulation to manage agroecosystems, at field, farm and landscape scales. We propose here five additional avenues that agronomic research could follow to strengthen the ecological intensification of current farming systems. We begin by assuming that progress in plant sciences over the last two decades provides new insight of potential use to agronomists. Potentially useful new developments in plant science include advances in the fields of energy conversion by plants, nitrogen use efficiency and defence mechanisms against pests. We then suggest that natural ecosystems may also provide sources of inspiration for cropping system design, in terms of their structure and function on the one hand, and farmers’ knowledge on the other. Natural ecosystems display a number of interesting properties that could be incorporated into agroecosystems. We discuss the value and limitations of attempting to ‘mimic’ their structure and function, while considering the differences in objectives and constraints between these two types of system. Farmers develop extensive knowledge of the systems they manage. We discuss ways in which this knowledge could be combined with, or fed into scientific knowledge and innovation, and the extent to which this is likely to be possible. The two remaining avenues concern methods. We suggest that agronomists make more use of meta-analysis and comparative system studies, these two types of methods being commonly used in other disciplines but barely used in agronomy. Meta-analysis would make it possible to quantify variations of cropping system performances in interaction with soil and climate conditions more accurately across environments and socio-economic contexts. Comparative analysis would help to identify the structural characteristics of cropping and farming systems underlying properties of interest. Such analysis can be performed with sets of performance indicators and methods borrowed from ecology for analyses of the structure and organisation of these systems. These five approaches should make it possible to deepen our knowledge of agroecosystems for action.  相似文献   

Foreign substances in the meat and organs of bulls fed on a diet of swine and poultry fecal waste     

J Gilka  J Bartos  V Gajd?sková  M Malíková  J Masek  J Síc  Z Matyás 《Veterinární medicína》1981,26(11):651-660

The meat and some organs of eight bulls given diet with 5% to 15% supplements of dried pig and poultry excrements for 175 days were subjected to examination for the presence of some foreign substances. The results were compared with samples from eight control bulls, fed the basal diet. Liver was not found to contain any aflatoxins B1 and M1. No statistically significant differences were found in the content of antimicrobial substances. The same can be said of the content of chlorinated pesticides. Residues of organo-phosphorus pesticides were not detected at all. As to chemical elements, the test bulls were found to have a significantly increased content of copper in liver and diaphragm. All the findings of the residues of foreign substances were within limits tolerated by veterinary regulations.  相似文献   

Molecular mapping of QTLs for resistance to Fusarium wilt (race 1) and Ascochyta blight in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)     

Murali Mohan Sabbavarapu  Mamta Sharma  Siva Kumar Chamarthi  Nayakoti Swapna  Abhishek Rathore  Mahendar Thudi  Pooran Mal Gaur  Suresh Pande  Sarvjeet Singh  Livinder Kaur  Rajeev Kumar Varshney 《Euphytica》2013,193(1):121-133

Fusarium wilt (FW) and Ascochyta blight (AB) are two important diseases of chickpea which cause 100 % yield losses under favorable conditions. With an objective to validate and/or to identify novel quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for resistance to race 1 of FW caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris and AB caused by Ascochyta rabiei in chickpea, two new mapping populations (F_2:3) namely ‘C 214’ (FW susceptible) × ‘WR 315’ (FW resistant) and ‘C 214’ (AB susceptible) × ‘ILC 3279’ (AB resistant) were developed. After screening 371 SSR markers on parental lines and genotyping the mapping populations with polymorphic markers, two new genetic maps comprising 57 (C 214 × WR 315) and 58 (C 214 × ILC 3279) loci were developed. Analysis of genotyping data together with phenotyping data collected on mapping population for resistance to FW in field conditions identified two novel QTLs which explained 10.4–18.8 % of phenotypic variation. Similarly, analysis of phenotyping data for resistance to seedling resistance and adult plant resistance for AB under controlled and field conditions together with genotyping data identified a total of 6 QTLs explaining up to 31.9 % of phenotypic variation. One major QTL, explaining 31.9 % phenotypic variation for AB resistance was identified in both field and controlled conditions and was also reported from different resistant lines in many earlier studies. This major QTL for AB resistance and two novel QTLs identified for FW resistance are the most promising QTLs for molecular breeding separately or pyramiding for resistance to FW and AB for chickpea improvement.  相似文献   

Adjuvant effect of mushroom glucan and bovine lactoferrin upon Aeromonas hydrophila vaccination in catla, Catla catla (Hamilton)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Kamilya D  Maiti TK  Joardar SN  Mal BC 《Journal of fish diseases》2006,29(6):331-337

Mushroom glucan and bovine lactoferrin (Lf), known for their immunostimulatory potential, were used as adjuvant in conjunction with a formalin-killed Aeromonas hydrophila vaccine in catla, Catla catla. In vitro antigen-specific responsiveness of catla leucocytes and protective responses against experimental challenge with homologous antigen were monitored following immunization. Antigen-specific proliferation, 'macrophage activating factor' (MAF) production and antibody production were significantly higher in fish injected with glucan adjuvanted vaccine. Lf adjuvanted preparations showed a weak proliferative response and MAF production, although the antibody production was significantly higher than the controls. A good degree of protection was achieved with the glucan adjuvanted vaccine. However, in spite of producing significant anti-A. hydrophila antibody, Lf adjuvanted vaccine did not confer any protection following challenge with A. hydrophila. The potential of adjuvanticity of mushroom glucan and bovine Lf in intraperitoneal vaccination is discussed.  相似文献   

Conservation agriculture based sustainable intensification of basmati rice-wheat system in North-West India     

Hanuman Sahay Jat  Pardeep Kumar  Jhabar Mal Sutaliya  Satish Kumar  Yadvinder Singh 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2019,65(10):1370-1386

Continuous mono-cropping of rice-wheat (RW) system with conventional tillage (CT) based management practices have led to decline in soil health, groundwater table and farmers profit in north-west India. A medium-term (4 years) farmer’s participatory strategic research trial of basmati RW system was conducted to evaluate the effects of conservation agriculture (CA) based management practices on crop yields, water productivity, profitability and soil quality. Six treatments were compared varied in the cropping system, tillage, crop establishment and residue management. CA-based management under zero-till direct seeded rice-wheat-mungbean recorded 36% higher system yield than conventional till rice-wheat system (14.91 Mg ha^?1). CA-based rice-wheat system and rice-wheat-mungbean system saved ~35% irrigation water compared to conventional RW system (2168 mm ha^?1). Total water productivity (WP_I+R) was improved by 67% with CA-based rice-wheat-mungbean system (0.90 kg grain m^?3) over the conventional system. On system basis, 42% higher net return was recorded with CA-based rice-wheat-mungbean system compared to conventional system (USD 2570 ha^?1). Mungbean integration in basmati RW system contributed 29% share in system net returns across the treatments. Soil chemical and biological properties were improved by ~40% and 150%, respectively, with CA-based management system.  相似文献   

Use of cryopreserved rooster sperm in breeding     

A. B. Mal’tsev  A. B. Dymkov 《Russian Agricultural Sciences》2008,34(2):128-131

The use of frozen sperm of elite roosters for inseminating hens reduces egg fertilization rate, but increases livability, live weight, average daily gain of offspring, dressing percentage, and European efficiency index. A cryopreserved rooster sperm bank has been created.  相似文献   

Examination of market carps for residues of antimicrobial agents]     

M Malíková  J Habrda  Z Matyás 《Veterinární medicína》1978,23(9):549-554

The residues of inhibitory substances in the muscle, hepatopancreas, bile, and pyloric caeca of 30 carps from ponds south of Brno were examined by the microbiological diffusion method. The following testing micro-organisms were used: B. cereus var. mycoides (ATCC 11778), B. subtilis (ATCC 6633), Sarcina lutea (ATCC 9341), and Micrococcus flavus (ATCC 10240). Residues of inhibitory substances were not found in any of the muscle samples tested. The rest of the tested tissues showed, in some cases, small inhibition zones which seem to be due to the presence of natural antimicrobially active substances in the bile and gastro-intestinal tract of the fish rather than to the persistence of the residues of drugs given to the fish during their life.  相似文献   

Ultrastructure of eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides Linnaeus, 1758. I. Egg-shells     

H Lysek  J Malínsky  R Janisch 《Folia parasitologica》1985,32(4):381-384

Under the light microscope the chitin-protein layer of egg-shells in ascarids appears to be a regular, hyaline and nonstructural layer of 1.5 to 2.00 microns in thickness. The outer uterine layer is usually removed during the preparation. The lipid (ascaroside) layer covers the inner surface of the chitinous layer and seems to be irregularly undulated and regularly thick over the whole surface, with the thickness up to 1 micron. In electron micrographs the fibrous structure of the lipid layer is not evident as a rule. This is probably due to washing the lipids away from this layer during the dehydration of deeper layers of egg-shells that are imperfectly fixed with glutaraldehyde. A very low permeability of the egg-shells is typical of geohelminth eggs. The layer lipid shows a distinct lamellate structure only after a prolonged fixation with osmium at higher temperature. This is supported by the studies using the method of freeze-fracturing.  相似文献   

Effectiveness of yellow sweetclover fallows in crop rotations in the steppe zone of Transbaikalia     

A. P. Batudaev  V. M. Korshunov  B. B. Tsybikov  N. N. Mal’tsev 《Russian Agricultural Sciences》2010,36(6):449-451

A high effectiveness of fallows occupied by yellow sweetclover, which provide a spring wheat yield at the level of a clean fallow, is revealed in field crop rotations under conditions of the steppe zone.  相似文献