Antiviral activity of sulfated polysaccharides from Sargassum ilicifolium against fish Betanodavirus infection     

Jyotsna  Vijayakumar  Parameswaran  Dhas  Tharmathass Stalin  Mani  Ravi  Raguraman  Vasantharaja 《Aquaculture International》2021,29(3):1049-1067

Sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from seaweeds exhibit numerous biological activities and are less toxic than conventional antiviral drugs. However, little is known about their mode of action. This study aims at extracting the polysaccharides from brown seaweed Sargassum ilicifolium and then evaluating its antiviral activity against fish Betanodavirus. The extracted SP was characterized through FT-IR, ¹H NMR, and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The antiviral activity of SP was tested on SGA cell line by syncytia reduction and the polysaccharide represented a prominent antiviral activity to Betanodavirus by reducing the cytopathic effect (CPE) formation in vitro. The study revealed that SP effectively blocked viral attachment and entry. Moreover, during the in vivo challenge experiment in Gambusia affinis, SP treatment showed a significant decrease in the viral titers. Hence, these results indicate that the polysaccharides obtained from S. ilicifolium exhibited the high antiviral potential to Betanodavirus infection in fishes both in vitro and in vivo.

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Effect of feeding a high‐carbohydrate or a high‐fat diet on subsequent food intake and blood concentration of satiety‐related hormones in dogs          下载免费PDF全文

S. Schauf  A. Salas‐Mani  C. Torre  E. Jimenez  M. A. Latorre  C. Castrillo 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(1):e21-e29

Although studies in rodents and humans have evidenced a weaker effect of fat in comparison to carbohydrates on the suppression of food intake, very few studies have been carried out in this field in dogs. This study investigates the effects of a high‐carbohydrate (HC ) and a high‐fat (HF ) diets on subsequent food intake and blood satiety‐related hormones in dogs. Diets differed mainly in their starch (442 vs. 271 g/kg dry matter) and fat (99.3 vs. 214 g/kg dry matter) contents. Twelve Beagle dogs received the experimental diets at maintenance energy requirements in two experimental periods, following a cross‐over arrangement. In week 7 of each period, blood concentrations of active ghrelin, glucagon‐like peptide (GLP ‐1), peptide YY , insulin, and glucose were determined before and at 30, 60, 120, 180, and 360 min post‐feeding. The following week, intake of a challenge food offered 180 min after the HC and HF diets was recorded over two days. In comparison to the dogs on the HC diet, those on the HF diet had a higher basal concentration of GLP ‐1 (p  = .010) and a higher total area under the curve over 180 min post‐prandial (tAUC _0–180) (p  = .031). Dogs on the HC diet showed a higher elevation of ghrelin at 180 min (p  = .033) and of insulin at 360 min (p  = .041), although ghrelin and insulin tAUC _0–180 did not differ between the two diets (p  ? .10). Diet had no effect on challenge food intake (p  ? .10), which correlated with the tAUC _0–180 of ghrelin (r = .514, p  = .010), insulin (r = ?.595, p  = .002), and glucose (r = ?.516, p  = .010). Feeding a diet high in carbohydrate or fat at these inclusion levels does not affect the feeding response at 180 min post‐prandial, suggesting a similar short‐term satiating capacity.  相似文献   

Characteristics of methanogenic granules grown on glucose in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor     

Revanuru Subramanyam  Indra Mani Mishra 《Biosystems Engineering》2013,114(2):113-123

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Mechanical and machinability behaviors of woven coir fiber-reinforced polyester composite     

S. Jayabal  S. Velumani  P. Navaneethakrishnan  K. Palanikumar 《Fibers and Polymers》2013,14(9):1505-1514

The research on coir-polyester composites initiated the interest in the development of woven coir fiber-reinforced polyester composites. The mechanical properties of woven coir-polyester composites were evaluated as per ASTM standards and the machinability behavior was studied by conducting drilling tests in this investigation. The woven coir-polyester composites exhibited the average values of tensile, flexural and impact strength of 19.9 MPa, 31.3 MPa and 49.9 kJ/m² respectively. The effect of NaOH treatment on the improvement of mechanical properties of woven coir-polyester composites were studied in this investigation. The 40 % increase of tensile strength, 42 % increase of flexural strength and 20 % increase of impact strength were achieved by treated woven coir fiber-reinforced polyester composites. The regression models for predicting thrust force, torque and tool wear in drilling of woven coir-polyester composites were developed and the effect of drilling parameters were analyzed.  相似文献   

Compensatory growth,plasma hormones and metabolites in juvenile Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii,Brandt 1869) subjected to fasting and re‐feeding     

Ghasem Ashouri  Nasrollah Mahboobi‐Soofiani  Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar  Mansour Torfi‐Mozanzadeh  Amir Mani  Arash Khosravi  Oliana Carnevali 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2020,26(2):400-409

A 7‐week study was conducted to investigate the effect of different fasting and re‐feeding regimes on compensatory growth and some physiological parameters of juvenile Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). Fish (46.5 ± 0.5 g) were fed on a diet (containing 450 g/kg crude protein and 20 MJ/kg digestible energy) according to four feeding regimes in triplicate including: control group (C, fed everyday), W1 (2 weeks of feeding followed by 1 week of fasting and 4 weeks of re‐feeding), W2 (1 week of feeding followed by 2 weeks of fasting and 4 weeks of re‐feeding) and W3 (3 weeks of fasting followed by 4 weeks of re‐feeding). The fasted groups including W1 (119.6 ± 2.1 g), W2 (118.0 ± 1.7 g) and W3 (108.5 ± 4.8) significantly lost their weights during fasting phase and did not attain the final weight of the C (137.3 ± 1.7 g) after re‐feeding phase. The re‐feeding phase increased the specific growth rate in the fasted groups compared to the C (p < .05). After the fasting phase, concentrations of T₃, T₄, glucose, total protein and triglyceride in plasma of fasted groups were decreased, but levels of total cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase increased compared to the C. After re‐feeding phase, except for glucose level, all mentioned metabolites were restored in the plasma of W1 group, but total protein level and aspartate aminotransferase concentrations in plasma were not restored in W2 and W3 groups. Overall, our finding demonstrated 4 weeks of re‐feeding was too short to induce full compensatory growth in A. baerii juveniles.  相似文献   

Time-Resolved Shear Viscosity of Wheat Flour Doughs—Effect of Mixing,Shear Rate,and Resting on the Viscosity of Doughs of Different Flours     

Keihan Mani Lindborg  Christian Trgrdh  Ann-Charlotte Eliasson  Petr Dejmek 《Cereal Chemistry》1997,74(1):49-55

The shear viscosity of three doughs of different wheat cultivars mixed to a farinograph level of 500 BU was measured at low shear rates as a function of the shear deformation using a cone-and-plate viscometer. Cyanoacrylate adhesive was used to attach the dough samples to the instrument surfaces to eliminate wall slip. Flours used were Dragon, Kosack, and a fodder wheat. A distinct difference was observed between the viscosities of the different flour cultivars. The strongest dough (Dragon), with the highest protein content and a good resistance in the farinograph, had the highest maximum viscosity. The doughs showed distinct strain hardening, more pronounced for the strong doughs. Maximum viscosity was obtained at a strain of ≈4, almost independent of the shear rate, but at higher values for stronger doughs (5 for Dragon, 4 for Kosack, and 3.5 for fodder wheat). The maximum was most pronounced for well-mixed doughs after resting. The viscosity and its variation with strain may be used as a measure of quality; a higher viscosity and a maximum occurring at high strains indicating good quality (related to the farinogram). The viscosity gradually decreased at higher strains. Apparent viscosity increases with strain and reaches a maximum value at a common strain, which suggests the presence of entangled molecules. The increase of maximum viscosity with increase in mixing also supports this theory. Resting the dough increases the maximum viscosity, which suggests the formation of new cross-links in the nonequilibrium entangled network during resting.  相似文献   

The genome sequence of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Holt RA  Subramanian GM  Halpern A  Sutton GG  Charlab R  Nusskern DR  Wincker P  Clark AG  Ribeiro JM  Wides R  Salzberg SL  Loftus B  Yandell M  Majoros WH  Rusch DB  Lai Z  Kraft CL  Abril JF  Anthouard V  Arensburger P  Atkinson PW  Baden H  de Berardinis V  Baldwin D  Benes V  Biedler J  Blass C  Bolanos R  Boscus D  Barnstead M  Cai S  Center A  Chaturverdi K  Christophides GK  Chrystal MA  Clamp M  Cravchik A  Curwen V  Dana A  Delcher A  Dew I  Evans CA  Flanigan M  Grundschober-Freimoser A  Friedli L  Gu Z  Guan P  Guigo R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,298(5591):129-149

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Persistence and frequency of application of an insecticide in relation to the rate of evolution of resistance     

Gopalakrishnan S. Mani  Roger J. Wood 《Pest management science》1984,15(4):325-336

In an earlier paper, it was demonstrated that in order to delay the evolution of resistance, it is important to ensure that heterozygous carriers of resistance genes are killed so that the R gene is made effectively recessive. How this may be achieved is considered here, with (a) a persistent insecticide declining in effectiveness with time, and (b) a non-persistent insecticide (or fumigant). The relationship between the time taken for the dosage to decline to one-tenth (NGI) and the interval between insecticide applications (N12) was investigated. The optimal value of N12 was found to depend not only on the rate of decline but also on the shape of the degradation curve. Other important factors were (a) the dosage of insecticide applied (the initial effective dominance); (b) the initial frequency of the R gene; (c) the proportion of insects per generation that escaped exposure; and (d) whether selection occurred before or after mating. When considering non-persistent insecticides, it was necessary to distinguish between the short-lived deposit and the space spray, the latter being much less likely to lead to resistance.  相似文献   

Alleviating cancer drug toxicity by inhibiting a bacterial enzyme     

Wallace BD  Wang H  Lane KT  Scott JE  Orans J  Koo JS  Venkatesh M  Jobin C  Yeh LA  Mani S  Redinbo MR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6005):831-835

The dose-limiting side effect of the common colon cancer chemotherapeutic CPT-11 is severe diarrhea caused by symbiotic bacterial β-glucuronidases that reactivate the drug in the gut. We sought to target these enzymes without killing the commensal bacteria essential for human health. Potent bacterial β-glucuronidase inhibitors were identified by high-throughput screening and shown to have no effect on the orthologous mammalian enzyme. Crystal structures established that selectivity was based on a loop unique to bacterial β-glucuronidases. Inhibitors were highly effective against the enzyme target in living aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, but did not kill the bacteria or harm mammalian cells. Finally, oral administration of an inhibitor protected mice from CPT-11-induced toxicity. Thus, drugs may be designed to inhibit undesirable enzyme activities in essential microbial symbiotes to enhance chemotherapeutic efficacy.  相似文献   

Arcobacter: an emerging food-borne zoonotic pathogen,its public health concerns and advances in diagnosis and control – a comprehensive review     

Thadiyam Puram Ramees  Kumaragurubaran Karthik  Ramswaroop Singh Rathore  Ashok Kumar  Mani Saminathan 《The Veterinary quarterly》2017,37(1):136-161

Arcobacter has emerged as an important food-borne zoonotic pathogen, causing sometimes serious infections in humans and animals. Newer species of Arcobacter are being incessantly emerging (presently 25 species have been identified) with novel information on the evolutionary mechanisms and genetic diversity among different Arcobacter species. These have been reported from chickens, domestic animals (cattle, pigs, sheep, horses, dogs), reptiles (lizards, snakes and chelonians), meat (poultry, pork, goat, lamb, beef, rabbit), vegetables and from humans in different countries. Arcobacters are implicated as causative agents of diarrhea, mastitis and abortion in animals, while causing bacteremia, endocarditis, peritonitis, gastroenteritis and diarrhea in humans. Three species including A. butzleri, A. cryaerophilus and A. skirrowii are predominantly associated with clinical conditions. Arcobacters are primarily transmitted through contaminated food and water sources. Identification of Arcobacter by biochemical tests is difficult and isolation remains the gold standard method. Current diagnostic advances have provided various molecular methods for efficient detection and differentiation of the Arcobacters at genus and species level. To overcome the emerging antibiotic resistance problem there is an essential need to explore the potential of novel and alternative therapies. Strengthening of the diagnostic aspects is also suggested as in most cases Arcobacters goes unnoticed and hence the exact epidemiological status remains uncertain. This review updates the current knowledge and many aspects of this important food-borne pathogen, namely etiology, evolution and emergence, genetic diversity, epidemiology, the disease in animals and humans, public health concerns, and advances in its diagnosis, prevention and control.  相似文献