Field and laboratory experiments on the response and development of resistance to pesticides and population density ofTetranychus cinnabarinus in ISRAEL     

F. Mansour 《Phytoparasitica》1988,16(3):239-245

Dosage mortality data for 12 pesticides were determined with females of an insecticide-susceptible strain of the carmine spider mite,Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisd.), by the slide dip method; for four of the pesticides which are specific acaricides, also the Munger cell method was used. The LC₅₀s ranged from 0.00078% to 0.041%, with the synthetic pyrethroids being more toxic than the specific acaricides. There were no differences in results between the two assay methods. Four synthetic pyrethroids that were very active againstT. cinnabarinus in laboratory tests were examined in an unsprayed apple orchard for their effect on the population density of spider mites. An upsurge of tetranychid mites was noted 4 weeks after a single application  相似文献   

Toxicity of neem (Azadirachta Indica) seed kernel extracts prepared with different solvents,on the spider chiracanthium mildei     

F. A. Mansour  K. R. S. Ascher  N. Omari 《Phytoparasitica》1986,14(1):73-76

The toxicity of neem seed kernel extracts prepared with different solvents against the predatory spider,Chiracanthium mildei L. Koch, was investigated. The order of toxicity of the 4% extracts was pentane < acetone < ethanol << methanol = water (nontoxic). All extracts were nontoxic at 2.5%.  相似文献   

Electron microscopic study of a new microsporean Microsporidium epithelialis sp. n. infecting Tubifex sp. (Oligochaeta)     

Oumouna M  El-Matbouli M  Hoffmann RW  Bouix G 《Folia parasitologica》2000,47(4):257-265

The cytology of a new microsporean parasite Microsporidium epithelialis sp. n. from the intestinal epithelial cells of the freshwater oligochaete Tubifex sp. (Tubificidae) is described. The microsporean occurred together with an actinosporean of the genus Triactinomyxon, which was found between the epithelial cells. The merogonic and sporogonic stages (mature spores included) of the microsporean parasite are monokaryotic. An individual sporophorous vesicle surrounds each spore. The fixed and stained spore has an average dimension of 1.9-2.5 x 0.9-1.2 microm. The spores are oval with a characteristic surface layer, showing ornamentation-like projections, which are in close contact to the exospore. A short polar filament forming three to four coils traverses the polaroplast with two lamellar layers. The ultrastructure and other characteristic features of this microsporean parasite are distinct from those of the microsporean species described so far from oligochaetes.  相似文献   

Medicinal plant diversity in the flora of Saudi Arabia 1: a report on seven plant families     

Rahman MA  Mossa JS  Al-Said MS  Al-Yahya MA 《Fitoterapia》2004,75(2):149-161

A preliminary survey on the medicinal plant diversity in the flora of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has been made with seven families: Amaranthaceae, Apocynaceae, Capparidaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Labiatae, Polygonaceae and Solanaceae, as an initial study. These families are represented in the flora with 254 species (i.e. 12% of the total species), and individually with 21, 7, 29, 66, 76, 22 and 33 species, respectively. Of these, 86 species, so far investigated, are medicinal, distributed in these seven families as follows: 7, 5, 12, 20, 23, 7 and 12, respectively. The Labiatae have the highest number (23) of medicinal plants among them while maximum medicinal plant diversity within the family has been observed with the Apocynaceae. An enumeration of these 86 medicinal species is presented with the current nomenclature, Arabic names and medicinal uses. This communication aims at emphasizing the importance of setting up conservation priorities, and sustained development of various medicinal plants of Saudi Arabia.  相似文献   

Studies of the effects of essential oils isolated from 14 species of Labiatae on the carmine spider mite,Tetranychus cinnabarinus     

F. Mansour  U. Ravid  E. Putievsky 《Phytoparasitica》1986,14(2):137-142

Essential oils from 14 species of Labiatae were steam-distilled and analyzed. Bean leaf discs freshly sprayed with different concentrations of the acetonic solutions of the oils caused mortality and induced repellency in adult females of the carmine spider mite,Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisd.), and egg-laying was reduced. Seven-day-old residues still had some activity. On the basis of EC-50s, the most effective oils were:Lavandula angustifolia xL. latifolia (0.09%);L. angustifolia (0.1%);Melissa officinalis (0.12%);Mentha piperata (1.3%);Salvia fruticosa (1.4%);Ocimum basilicum (1.4%); andRosmarinus officinalis (2.2%).  相似文献   

A malathion-tolerant strain of the spiderChiracanthium mildei and its response to chlorpyrifos     

F. Mansour 《Phytoparasitica》1984,12(3-4):163-166

Chiracanthium mildei L. Koch (Araneae: Clubionidae) spiders, from two populations, were collected and reared in the laboratory. One originated from a citrus grove at Kibbutz Afeq and the other from an experimental cotton field at the Newe Ya’ar Experiment Station. Laboratory evaluation indicated that the Afeq strain was more tolerant to malathion than the Newe Ya’ar strain (resistance factor of x3.3). When spiders of the Afeq strain were exposed to chlorypyrifos (Dursban) and malathion residues, chlorpyrifos was much more toxic.  相似文献   

Antibiosis of maize inbred lines to the carmine spider mite, tetranychus cinnabarinus   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Y. Tadmor  E. Lewinsohn  F. Abo-Moch  A. Bar-Zur  F. Mansour 《Phytoparasitica》1999,27(1):35-41

The antibiosis of tenZea mays L. inbred lines to the carmine spider mite,Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) (Acari: Tetranychidae), was evaluated. Two maize inbred lines previously reported as resistant to this spider mite and a susceptible inbred line were compared with B96 (formerly called 41:2504B), reported as being resistant to the two-spotted spider mite T. urticae and to the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner). Other lines were derived from B96. All lines originated in the U.S.A. and were tested in Israel at two different growth stages. Four days after inoculation of detached leaf squares with adult mites, significant differences in susceptibility were observed among lines. At the 3-leaf stage lines B68, B96, B79, A619, B65, B49 and B64 reduced the average mite daily fecundity by 43%, 64%, 66%, 67%, 77%, 81% and 87%, respectively, as compared with the most susceptible line, B52. At the flowering stage, the average reduction in mite daily fecundity was much lower: inbred lines B64, A619 and B96 reduced the average mite daily fecundity by 48%, 51% and 86%, respectively, whereas the seven other genotypes had an intermediate or a susceptible reaction to the carmine spider mite, with A661 being the most susceptible. Our results show that B96 could be used as a source of resistance in developing improved resistance of inbred lines of maize to carmine spider mites.  相似文献   

Abstracts of papers presented at the 17th conference of the entomological society of Israel dedicated to the memory of Dr. Shoshana Yathom Dec. 16, 1999 ARO, the volcani center, Bet Dagan, Israel     

A. Navon  H. Yunis  E. Palevsky  Victoria Soroker  Phyllis Weintraub  F. Mansour  U. Gerson  Ally R. Harari  Yael Lubin  Victoria Soroker  Tamar Katzav-Gozansky  A. Hefetz 《Phytoparasitica》2000,28(4):378-381

  相似文献   

In vitro assessment of the antimicrobial efficacy of chitosan nanoparticles against major fish pathogens and their cytotoxicity to fish cell lines     

Fatma Ahmed  Faiza M. Soliman  Mohamed A. Adly  Hamdy A.M. Soliman  Mansour El-Matbouli  Mona Saleh 《Journal of fish diseases》2020,43(9):1049-1063

Nanotechnology is an emerging avenue employed in disease prevention and treatment. This study evaluated the antimicrobial efficacy of chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) against major bacterial and oomycete fish pathogens in comparison with chitosan suspension. Initially, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC, MIC₉₀) were determined and the per cent inhibition of bacterial growth was calculated. Subsequently, the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined. The time-dependent disruptions of CSNP-treated pathogens were observed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the effect of CSNPs on the viability of two fish cell lines was assessed. No antimicrobial effect was observed with chitosan, while CSNPs (105 nm) exhibited a dose-dependent and species-specific antimicrobial properties. They were bactericidal against seven bacterial isolates recording MBC values from 1 to 7 mg/ml, bacteriostatic against four further isolates recording MIC values from 0.125 to 5 mg/ml and fungistatic against oomycetes recording MIC₉₀ values of 3 and 4 mg/ml. TEM micrographs showed the attachment of CSNPs to the pathogenic cell membranes disrupting their integrity. No significant cytotoxicity was observed using 1 mg/ml CSNPs, while low dose-dependent cytotoxicity was elicited by the higher doses. Therefore, it is anticipated that CSNPs are able to compete and reduce using antibiotics in aquaculture.  相似文献   

Effects of deoxynivalenol exposure time and contamination levels on rainbow trout     

Rui A. Gonalves  Simon Menanteau‐Ledouble  Mlanie Schller  Alexander Eder  Heike Schmidt‐Posthaus  Simon Mackenzie  Mansour El‐Matbouli 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2019,50(1):137-154

The trend toward using plant‐based ingredients in aquafeeds is set to intensify; however, mycotoxin contamination might be a challenge. Two diets, with deoxynivalenol (DON) levels of 1,166 μg/kg (1.1 DON) and 2,745 μg/kg (2.7 DON), were prepared for short‐term DON exposure (50 days). A third diet with a low DON level of 367 μg/kg (0.3 DON) was prepared for long‐term DON exposure (168 days). Ingestion of DON by trout during both short‐term/high‐dosage exposure (50 days; 1,166 μg/kg and 2,700 μg/kg DON) and long‐term/low‐dosage exposure (168 days; 367 μg/kg DON) impacted growth performance and, to a lesser extent, liver enzyme parameters (2.7 DON). Histopathology showed mild to moderate changes in the liver but not in the other sampled tissues (intestine and kidney). Despite these effects, short‐term exposure of rainbow trout to high doses of DON did not result in increased susceptibility to Yersinia ruckeri. In both the short‐ and long‐term studies, the effects of DON showed a high interindividual variability. The present study confirms that subclinical levels of mycotoxins affect rainbow trout. The effects of such low mycotoxin levels could be masked by other production challenges while still negatively affecting productivity.  相似文献