Comparison of levels and duration of detection of antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus 1, bovine viral diarrhea virus 2, bovine respiratory syncytial virus,bovine herpesvirus 1, and bovine parainfluenza virus 3 in calves fed maternal colostrum or a colostrum-replacement product     

Manuel F. Chamorro  Paul H. Walz  Deborah M. Haines  Thomas Passler  Thomas Earleywine  Roberto A. Palomares  Kay P. Riddell  Patricia Galik  Yijing Zhang  M. Daniel Givens 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2014,78(2):81-88

Colostrum-replacement products are an alternative to provide passive immunity to neonatal calves; however, their ability to provide adequate levels of antibodies recognizing respiratory viruses has not been described. The objective of this study was to compare the serum levels of IgG at 2 d of age and the duration of detection of antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 (BVDV-2), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1), and bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3) in calves fed maternal colostrum (MC) or a colostrum replacement (CR) at birth. Forty newborn male Holstein calves were assigned to the CR or the MC group. Group CR (n = 20) received 2 packets of colostrum replacement (100 g of IgG per 470-g packet), while group MC (n = 20) received 3.8 L of maternal colostrum. Blood samples for detection of IgG and virus antibodies were collected from each calf at birth, at 2 and 7 d, and monthly until the calves became seronegative. Calves in the MC group had greater IgG concentrations at 2 d of age. The apparent efficiency of absorption of IgG was greater in the MC group than in the CR group, although the difference was not significant. Calves in the CR group had greater concentrations of BVDV neutralizing antibodies during the first 4 mo of life. The levels of antibodies to BRSV, BHV-1, and BPIV-3 were similar in the 2 groups. The mean time to seronegativity was similar for each virus in the 2 groups; however, greater variation was observed in the antibody levels and in the duration of detection of immunity in the MC group than in the CR group. Thus, the CR product provided calves with more uniform levels and duration of antibodies to common bovine respiratory viruses.  相似文献   

Effect of a size-based selection program on blood metabolites and immune response of Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles fed different dietary carbohydrate levels     

Cristina Pascual  Leticia Arena  Gerard Cuzon  Gabriela Gaxiola  Gabriel Taboada  Manuel Valenzuela  Carlos Rosas   《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2004,230(1-4):405-416

Blood metabolites in wild and seventh-generation cultivated shrimp were measured to determine how size-based selection could alter the nutritional and immunological conditions of Litopenaeus vannamei. Wild L. vannamei juveniles and a sample of seventh-generation cultured shrimp were acclimated under identical conditions. During 55 days, shrimp were fed a high (HCHO: 44%) or a low (LCHO: 3%) carbohydrate diet for 55 days. Wild shrimp showed a direct relation between dietary CHO and lactate, protein and hemocyte levels indicating that dietary CHO was used for protein synthesis via transamination pathways. In seventh-generation cultured shrimp these parameters were inversely proportional to dietary CHO level, indicating the capacity to synthesize protein from dietary CHO was repressed in cultured shrimp. Farmed shrimp showed a limited capacity to respond to LCHO diets demonstrating high protein dependence in their metabolism and immune response. These results demonstrate that during size-based breeding programs other metabolic process than CHO catabolism can be selected. The incapacity of shrimp to use dietary CHO could limit protein reduction of diets and limit the efforts of the shrimp industry to be ecologically and environmentally profitable.  相似文献   

Cloning of a gonadal follicle stimulating hormone receptor cDNA from the European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax     

A. Rocha  A. Gómez  M. Carrillo 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2003,28(1-4):359-360

The molecular cloning of the sea bass FSH receptor gene is reported. Expression analysis revealed that this gene is exclusively expressed in gonadal tissues.  相似文献   

The effects of long-day photoperiod on growth, body composition and skin colour in immature gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.)     

Rafael Ginés  Juan Manuel Afonso  Anastasio Argüello  María Jesús Zamorano  & Juan Luis López 《Aquaculture Research》2004,35(13):1207-1212

Immature gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) with a mean initial weight of 25.6 g were reared over 11 months to market size under different photoperiods: 16L:8D; 24L:0D and a control. Differences in final mean weight were significant between the three treatments (P<0.001): 16L:8D, 465.0 g; 24L:0D, 445.9 g; control, 402.6 g. Fish from the 24L:0D consumed most while 16L:8D fish converted it most efficiently. The lipid content of fillets was lower (P<0.05) for the 24L:0D (5.37±0.16 g 100 g^?1 of fillet) than for the control (6.02±0.12 g), and the moisture content lower for the control than for either treatment groups. Skin luminosity (L^*) was directly related to the number of hours of light exposure.  相似文献   

Recovery from neuromuscular block in dogs: restoration of spontaneous ventilation does not exclude residual blockade     

Manuel Martin‐Flores  Daniel M Sakai  Luis Campoy  RD Gleed 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2014,41(3):269-277

ObjectiveTo evaluate if return of spontaneous ventilation to pre-relaxation values indicates complete recovery from neuromuscular blockade.Study designProspective, with each individual acting as its own control.AnimalsTen healthy adult female Beagle dogs weighing 6.2–9.4 kg.MethodsDogs were anesthetized with propofol, dexemedetomidine and isoflurane. Spontaneous ventilation was assessed by measuring end-tidal CO₂, expired tidal volume, peak inspiratory flow, respiratory rate and minute ventilation. Vecuronium 25 μg kg^?1 IV was administered and neuromuscular block was evaluated by measuring the train-of-four (TOF) ratio with acceleromyography in the hind limb. During spontaneous recovery from neuromuscular block, the TOF ratio when each ventilatory variable returned to baseline was recorded.ResultsThis dose of vecuronium produced moderate neuromuscular block in all dogs, with TOF ratio values of 0–18% at maximal block. Expired tidal volume, peak inspiratory flow and minute ventilation returned to pre-relaxation values when the median TOF ratio was ≤ 20%. The median TOF ratio was 42% when the end-tidal CO₂ returned to pre-relaxation values.Conclusions and clinical relevanceSignificant residual neuromuscular block could be measured at the hind limb with acceleromyography when ventilation had spontaneously returned to pre-vecuronium values. Monitoring spontaneous ventilation, including end-tidal CO₂, expired tidal volume, peak inspiratory flow or minute ventilation cannot be used as a surrogate for objective neuromuscular monitoring, and this practice may increase the risk of postoperative residual paralysis.  相似文献   

Growth and fry production of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), on different feeding schedules     

Corazon B Santiago  & Manuel A Laron 《Aquaculture Research》2002,33(2):129-136

The effect of scheduled use of high‐protein and low‐protein diets on body weight and fry production of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), was determined. A preliminary feeding trial was first conducted on fingerlings. These were fed a high‐protein diet (H, 25% protein) or a low‐protein diet (L, 18% protein) daily, or diet H for 1–3 days followed by diet L for 1–4 days. Final body weight was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in fish fed diet H daily and in fish fed diet H for 2–3 days followed by diet L for 1 day (2H?1L and 3H?1L). Fingerlings on 1H?1L and 3H?2L had slightly lower growth. Based on the response of the fingerlings, five feeding schedules were tested with the broodstock. A high‐protein diet (HP, 40%) and a low‐protein diet (LP, 25%; same as H for fingerlings) were used. Feeding schedules significantly influenced body weight of female but not the male fish. Fry production was not significantly affected by the feeding schedule for broodstock. When growth, fry production and saving in feed cost were all considered, the broodstock on 1HP?1LP and 3HP?2LP feeding schedules both gave the highest overall performance. These findings give fish farmers an option in the management of feeding of tilapia broodstock.  相似文献   

Culture of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man 1879) in experimental cages in a freshwater eutrophic lake at different stocking densities     

Maria Lourdes A Cuvin-Aralar  Emiliano V Aralar  Manuel Laron  & Westley Rosario 《Aquaculture Research》2007,38(3):288-294

Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man 1879) juveniles (0.4 g) were cultured in experimental cages (L × W × H: 2.5 × 1 × 1 m) in Laguna de Bay, the largest lake in the Philippines. The following stocking densities at four replicates each were used: 15, 30, 60 and 90 prawns m⁻² of cage bottom. The mean sizes at harvest after 5 months of culture ranged from 14.3 g for the highest stocking density to 26.3 g for the lowest. The mean size at harvest, daily growth rate and size class distribution were significantly influenced by stocking density, with those at the lowest stocking density showing significantly better growth and overall proportion of larger prawns. Heterogeneous individual growth (HIG) was fairly evident in all treatments. The percentage of blue‐clawed males was not influenced by treatment but the mean weight was significantly higher in the lower stocking densities. Both the percentage and mean weight of berried females were significantly higher in the lowest stocking density. Survival was the highest in the lower stocking densities (55.3%, 54.0%, 52.7% and 36.9% for 15, 30, 60 and 90 prawns m⁻² respectively). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) improved with decreasing stocking density, ranging from 2.1 to 3. As expected, yield per cropping increased with stocking density and ranged from 450 to 1089 g m⁻² yr⁻¹ of actual cage area. Production values obtained in the cage cultured M. rosenbergii were comparable to or even higher than those reported from pond culture, given that the stocking densities used in this study were generally higher than in ponds. The results show that the farming of M. rosenbergii in cages in lakes is a viable alternative to pond culture and has the potential of improve aquaculture production in lakeshore fish farming communities.  相似文献   

SHORT COMMUNICATION Evidence for dietary effects on plasma levels of sexual steroids during spermatogenesis in the sea bass     

Joan Cerda  Silvia Zanuy  Manuel Carrillo 《Aquaculture International》1997,5(5):473-477

  相似文献   

The rearing of common dentex Dentex dentex (L.) During the hatchery and on-growing phases     

G. Koumoundouros  J. Carrillo  P. Divanach  M. Kentouri 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2004,240(1-4):165-173

In the current paper we present the rearing methodology of common dentex (Dentex dentex), a promising candidate for Mediterranean marine aquaculture, from the larval to the on-growing phase. The results are discussed in terms of the efficiency of rearing methodology followed, for the mass production of the species.  相似文献   

Developing scoring functions for soil quality to assess land suitability for irrigated wheat in Southern Algeria     

Adil Mihoub  Naima Koull  Samia Helimi  Mohammed Elhafed Kherraze  Sakher Mokhtari  Manuel Pulido Fernández 《Soil Use and Management》2022,38(1):262-276

Efficient land-use management could be optimized through appropriate advice regarding land suitability and achieving a reasonable yield while preserving soil and environmental conditions. The main objective of this study was to determine and define those locations capable of wheat cultivation with irrigation in the municipality of N’goussa (Southern Algeria). Expert opinion (EO) method was used for selecting minimum soil data set (MDS_-EO), where six influencing soil properties (sand, pH, salinity, organic matter, gypsum and lime) and other three key parameters (slope, land use/land cover, and proximity to roads and electricity network) were considered important for irrigated wheat cultivation in the study area. Indicators were weighted according to principal component analysis (PCA) loadings and summed. PCA revealed that the selected nine indicators are appropriate for accounting 73.63% of the total variance. Two maps of land suitability were created here (expressed as a soil quality index within a range from 0 to 1) from multivariate analysis and already known standard scoring functions (SSFs) by using two data sets (pure and scored). The distribution of soil quality index (IQI) showed that above 70% of the land was moderately (MS) to highly suitable (HS) for irrigated wheat. The estimation accuracy of soil quality classes has been evaluated using random forests (RF), having as a dependent variable the final class of land suitability used in each map. It was determined that estimation accuracy could reach 60% (pure data set) and 65% (scored data set) at 0.5 cut-off value for soil quality classes. Final prioritizing according to ranks of sensitivity index (SI) and efficiency ratio (ER) showed that IQI obtained from scored data set is the most suitable approach in soil quality assessment of arid areas. Therefore, it could be applied in southern Algeria for land management, integrated planning and environmental assessments.  相似文献