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111.
Garde S Carbonell M Fernández-García E Medina M Nuñez M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(23):6752-6757
The effect of the addition of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis INIA 415, a strain harboring the structural genes of nisin Z and lacticin 481, on the formation of volatile compounds in Hispánico cheese manufactured with a mesophilic starter or with the mesophilic starter and a thermophilic starter was investigated. Addition of bacteriocin-producing L. lactis subsp. lactis INIA 415 to milk enhanced the formation of 2-methyl-propanal, 2-methylbutanal, 3-methylbutanal, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 1-octanol, 2-butanone, and 2,3-butanedione. On the other hand, addition of thermophilic starter enhanced the formation of acetaldehyde, ethanol, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol, ethyl butanoate, ethyl hexanoate, 2-butanone, and 2,3-butanedione in Hispánico cheese. Stepwise discriminant analysis using the relative abundances of volatile compounds classified cheeses by type of starter, with function 1 related to thermophilic starter and function 2 to bacteriocin producer. 相似文献
112.
A heat-induced degradation was carried out over two crude paprika oleoresins diluted with high oleic or high linoleic oil. Occurrence of oxygen was avoided, and changes in individual carotenoids were followed over time. Degradation rate constants were not significantly different, so that carotenoid stability was not linked with unsaturation degree of the oily system. A parallel reaction to degradation, trans to cis carotenoid isomer conversion, was also denoted during the thermal treatment, and it initially showed a higher rate than degradation of cis-isomers. Both processes (isomerization and cis-isomers degradation) were finally compensated, and their development was also unaffected by the nature of the lipid profile. Under the reaction conditions, oleic and linoleic fatty acids showed the same reactivity and induced degradative reactions, equally affecting the carotenoid profile. An enhanced stability of carotenoid content and provitamin A value was not achieved with a decrease in the unsaturation level of the oily system. 相似文献
113.
Marín A Ferreres F Tomás-Barberán FA Gil MI 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(12):3861-3869
Sweet peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) cv. Vergasa have been studied at four maturity stages (immature green, green, immature red, and red). The individual phenolics (hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonoids), vitamin C (ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid), and individual carotenoids were characterized and quantified. Five hydroxycinnamic derivatives and 23 flavonoids were characterized and quantified from the pericarp of sweet pepper by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Identification was carried out by their UV spectra, chromatographic comparisons with authentic markers, identification of hydrolysis products, and tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Hydroxycinnamic derivatives, O-glycosides of quercetin, luteolin, and chrysoeriol, and a large number of C-glycosyl flavones have been characterized. Some of these compounds were found for the first time in nature. Clear differences in the individual and total phenolic content were detected between the different maturity stages. Immature green pepper had a very high phenolic content while green, immature red, and red ripe peppers showed a 4-5-fold reduction. Ascorbic acid was the main form of vitamin C, and its content increased as the pepper reached maturity. The red ripe stage had a relevant impact on the carotenoids content. Thus, immature green peppers showed the highest content of polyphenols, while red ripe fruits had the highest content of vitamin C and provitamin A. 相似文献
114.
Helianthinin, the main storage protein of sunflowers, has low water solubility and does not form a gel when heated; this behavior is different from other 11S globulins and limits its food applications. To understand this particular behavior, changes on helianthinin association-dissociation state induced by modifications in pH and ionic strength were analyzed. The influence of these different medium conditions on its thermal stability and tendency to form aggregates was also studied. Helianthinin behavior at different pH values and ionic strengths is similar to other 11S globulins except that it remains in a trimeric form at pH 11. Helianthinin thermal stability is higher than other 11S globulins but is lower than oat 11S globulin. Alkaline pH produces a 10 degrees C decrease of its denaturation temperature and also of the cooperativity of denaturation process, but it does not affect the denaturation activation energy. The decrease in thermal stability with the pH increase is also manifested by its tendency to form aggregates by SH/SS interchange reactions. When thermal treatments at alkaline pH are performed, all helianthinin subunits form aggregates, characterized by a higher proportion of beta-polypeptides than alpha-polypeptides, which is an indication that aggregation is accompanied by dissociation. Treatments at 80 degrees C are sufficient to induce aggregation but not to produce denaturation, and in these conditions hexameric forms remain after the treatment. 相似文献
115.
María Eugenia Salgado Salomón Carolina Barroetaveña Mario Rajchenberg 《New Forests》2011,41(2):191-205
We investigated if Pinus ponderosa plantations in Patagonia are able to produce viable mycorrhizal inocula towards adjacent grasslands, which only harbor endomycorrhizal
vegetation. We hypothesized that these inocula have the potential to contribute to the establishment of naturally disseminated
seedlings. Also, we determined the main fungal taxa involved in this process. Seven plantations in the onset of their reproductive
phase and located in the Patagonian native forest/steppe ecotone (Argentina) were selected. Soil samplings were obtained at
nine points along a 450 m long, W-E transect established in each plantation. Soil bioassays were performed in a greenhouse,
with P. ponderosa seedlings acting as hosts for mycorrhizal inocula present in soil samples, during 12 months. Mycorrhization percentage, morphotype
richness and morphotype composition was determined through morphological evaluation. Viable ecto- and ectendomycorrhizal inocula
were found disseminated outside plantations. The amount of mycorrhizal inoculum followed a decreasing function with distance
to plantation edges. Mycorrhizal fungal genus Rhizopogon and “E-strain” mycorrhizal types appeared as pioneering taxa regarding seedlings colonization, being the most persistent
and frequent symbionts found. Plantations, thus, facilitate the surrounding terrain for newcoming seedlings through the dispersion
of mycorrhizal fungal inocula. 相似文献
116.
Commercial Tectona grandis plantations using clones have attracted considerable interest for lumber production in tropical regions where small areas
are frequent. However, studies on wood properties are limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to group clones with
similar wood color characteristics using the CIELab system, and mechanical resistance by dynamic stiffness (Ed) in order to obtain different types of clones for different climate and edaphic conditions. It was found that lightness (L*), yellowness (b*), redness (a*), and Ed are similar to those found for other plantation trees. These wood characteristics are significantly influenced by clone and
site. Variance due to clone and site went from 31 to 53% and from 2.95 to 24.22%, respectively. Another source of variance
was distance from pith, with the exception of parameter b*, which was not affected. Finally, clones were grouped (using multivariate analysis) according to color and mechanical resistance.
This analysis established 4 groups by color and 5 groups by Ed. Clone clustering will allow us to choose or use clones with similar wood properties according to site and environmental
conditions increasing area production and wood quality uniformity. 相似文献
117.
Guillermo J. Martínez Pastur Pablo L. Peri Juan M. Cellini María V. Lencinas Marcelo Barrera Horacio Ivancich 《Annals of Forest Science》2011,68(3):587-594
•Introduction
Silviculture systems applied in Nothofagus pumilio forests are based on opening the canopy to stimulate natural regeneration by modifying light and soil moisture. The objective is to evaluate regeneration dynamics of N. pumilio along different forest canopy and solar radiation gradients. 相似文献118.
Celia Herrero de Aza María Belén Turrión Valentín Pando Felipe Bravo 《Annals of Forest Science》2011,68(6):1067-1076
• Context
Understanding biological processes in forests is necessary to orientate ecosystem management towards potential C sequestration. To achieve this, information is required about changes in forest biomass C pools, including the stem components (bark, sapwood and heartwood). 相似文献119.
José Javier Peguero-Pina José María Alquézar-Alquézar Stefan Mayr Hervé Cochard Eustaquio Gil-Pelegrín 《Annals of Forest Science》2011,68(3):565-574
Introduction
Scots pine populations in the SE “Sistema Ibérico” range suffered a severe defoliation in the S face of the crown in isolated trees of thinned stands. This process was detected at the end of the winter 2001–2002. 相似文献120.
Cortés C Esteve MJ Frígola A Torregrosa F 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(8):2203-2212
A method was established for the identification and quantification of carotenoids including geometrical isomers in fruit and vegetable juices by liquid chromatography with an ultraviolet-diode array detector, using a C(18) Vydac 201TP54 column. The mobile phase used was the ternary methanol mixture (0.1 M ammonium acetate), tert-butyl methyl ether and water, in a concentration gradient, and a temperature gradient was applied. Retinol palmitate was added as an internal standard. An extraction process (ethanol/hexane, 4:3, v/v) was performed, followed by saponification with diethyl ether/methanolic KOH (0.1%, w/v, BHT) (1:1, v/v) for 0.5 h at room temperature. Seventeen different (cis and trans) carotenoids were identified by UV-vis spectra and retention times in HPLC in the juices analyzed. The analytic parameters show that the method proposed is sensitive, reliable, accurate, and reproducible. 相似文献