Rapid sex identification of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) by real‐time PCR          下载免费PDF全文

Jonhard Eysturskarð  Margreta Dam  Sunnvør Klettskarð í Kongsstovu  Ása Jacobsen  Petra E Petersen 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(5):2618-2620

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Use of artificial substrates to enhance production of freshwater herbivorous fish in pond culture   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

P Keshavanath  B Gangadhar  T J Ramesh  J M van Rooij  M C M Beveridge  D J Baird  M C J Verdegem  & A A van Dam 《Aquaculture Research》2001,32(3):189-197

Two trials were conducted in mud‐bottomed concrete tanks to assess the potential of using artificial substrates to enhance fish production in ponds. Three substrate types were tested: bamboo poles, PVC pipes and sugarcane bagasse bundles. In one trial, periphyton was grown on the substrates in the absence of fish. In the second trial, masheer (Tor khudree Sykes) fingerlings were stocked at three densities. Results showed a significant effect of substrate type on fish growth (P≤ 0.001) and on net fish production (P≤ 0.05), with best growth in the tanks using the bamboo substrate. In the bagasse treatment, 100% fish mortality occurred. Highest extrapolated periphyton‐based gross fish yield (i.e. without feed inputs) was 450 kg ha^?1 90 d^?1 with PVC and 491 kg ha^?1 90 d^?1 with bamboo substrate. The best periphyton growth occurred on bamboo, followed by bagasse and PVC. Without fish, mean periphyton biomass during the culture period was 0.56–1.20 mg cm^?2 on bamboo [ash‐free dry matter (DM)], against 0.09–0.36 mg cm^?2 on PVC and 0.20–0.59 mg cm^–2 on bagasse. No clear effect of fish density or water depth on periphyton biomass could be seen. Only on bamboo, fish density seemed to have a negative effect on periphyton ash‐free dry matter and a positive effect on pigment content (chlorophyll‐a and phaeophytin). Periphyton from bamboo had a lower ash content (38–47% of DM) than from PVC (54–55% of DM) or bagasse (51–58% of DM). It is concluded that substrate type has a strong effect on periphyton productivity and composition, and on fish productivity. Good fish production was achieved without feed inputs. More research is needed to study the economic viability of periphyton‐based systems in the context of Indian aquaculture.  相似文献   

Gibberellic acid as a gametocide for cole crops     

Q. P. van der Meer  R. Van Dam 《Euphytica》1979,28(3):717-722

Summary In preliminary and more elaborate trials GA_4/7 appeared to be an effective gametocide for Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower and kale.After repeated spraying of 10, 50 of 100 mg GA_4/7 per I isopropyl alcohol, during at least two weeks from the beginning of bolting, large numbers of male sterile flowers occurred during the early part of the flowering period. Many plants turned complete male sterile for periods up to 24 days.It is concluded that, depending on the type of cole crop, higher quantities of GA_4/7 or longer spraying periods are needed for permanent male sterility.  相似文献   

Identification of epistatic interaction affecting glycoalkaloid content in tubers of tetraploid potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)     

Jacob van Dam  Ilan Levin  Paul C. Struik  David Levy 《Euphytica》2003,134(3):353-360

Glycoalkaloids are secondary metabolites characterised by an undesirable taste, and known to be toxic when consumed in large quantities. Their content in potato tubers should therefore be selected against and DNA markers can significantly facilitate such a process. This study was designed to describe the genetic control of the total content of glycoalkaloids (TGA) in the potato tuber and to enhance the development of DNA markers. A segregating population was constructed from tetraploid potatoclones, which were characterised by divergent TGA-content. The population had a high-TGA parent, LT7, and a low-TGA parent, NT8. We used 342 Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) single primers or two such primer combinations and 36 Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence (CAPS)primer pairs, digested with various restriction enzymes, to amplify random PCR products. Parental clones of both populations were used to identify polymorphic PCR products for further linkage analyses with TGA-content. In these analyses, one single ISSR marker was found to be significantly associated with TGA-content. A multiple regression analysis was also carried out using a ‘stepwise’ procedure. In this regression analysis TGA-content was the dependent variable whereas the polymorphic PCR products and all possible two-way interactions among them were the independent variables. The resulting best model consisted of an interaction between two loci in addition to a single locus effect. This interaction suggests that the expression of TGA-content is partially modulated by two interacting loci. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Assessment of endogenous growth hormone pulsatility in gelded yearling horses using deconvolution analysis     

de Graaf-Roelfsema E  Veldhuis PP  van Dam KG  Menheere PP  Keizer HA  Johnson ML  van Breda E  Wijnberg ID  van der Kolk JH 《The Veterinary quarterly》2011,31(2):63-71

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Distributed agro-hydrological modeling with SWAP to improve water and salt management of the Voshmgir Irrigation and Drainage Network in Northern Iran     

H. NooryS.E.A.T.M. van der Zee  A.-M. LiaghatM. Parsinejad  J.C. van Dam 《Agricultural Water Management》2011,98(6):1062-1070

The agro-hydrological model SWAP was used in a distributed manner to quantify irrigation water management effects on the water and salt balances of the Voshmgir Network of North Iran during the agricultural year 2006-2007. Field experiments, satellite images and geographical data were processed into input data for 10 uniform simulation areas. As simulated mean annual drainage water (312 mm) of the entire area was only 14% smaller than measured (356 mm), its distribution over the drainage units was well reproduced, and simulated and measured groundwater levels agreed well. Currently, water management leads to excessive irrigation (621-1436 mm year⁻¹), and leaching as well as high salinity of shallow groundwater are responsible for large amounts of drainage water (25-59%) and salts (44-752 mg cm⁻²). Focused water management can decrease mean drainage water (22-48%) and salts (30-49%), compared with current water management without adverse effects on relative transpiration and root zone salinity.  相似文献   

Relationship between esterase isozymes and some agronomic traits in F<Subscript>2</Subscript> populations derived from the crossing of Milyang 23 and Ashahi     

Dam Van Xuan  Il-Doo Jin 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2011,14(1):11-15

Esterase isozymes in the leaf blade were observed in the F₂ populations derived from the cross combination between a japonicaindica hybrid rice variety with EIZ 1 (EST ₁ , EST ₂ ^S , EST ₃ ^F ) and a japonica rice variety with EIZ 6 (EST ₁ , EST ₂ ^O , EST ₃ ^S . The esterase isozyme of the 6A (EST ₂ ^S band was controlled by a dominant allele, while the esterase isozymes of 12A (EST ₃ ^S and 13A (EST ₃ ^F ) bands were controlled by codominant alleles. No linkage relation was indicated while between EST ₂ and EST ₃ . The presence of esterase isozyme of 13A (EST ₃ ^F ) band is related to the grain shedding habit and esterase isozyme of 13A (EST ₃ ^F ) band itself is somewhat related to the cracking characteristics of the abscission layer. The presence of esterase isozyme of 6A (EST ₂ ^S ) band is related the days to heading and it might due to the panicle length and ratio of fertility. There was no difference in the plant height, culm length, and number of tillers per hill between EIZ in the F₂ population. Therefore, there were the relationships between esterase isozymes and some agronomic traits in rice plants.  相似文献   

Inheritance of grain shedding and abscission layers in the cross combination between rice varieties     

Dam Xuan Van  Il-Doo Jin 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2010,13(2):83-89

Seed shattering is an undesirable characteristic of rice cultivars affecting the loss of grain yield before and during harvesting. These grain losses are influenced by varietal characteristics. The histological peculiarities of the abscission region obtained were different among rice varieties, and had a close relationship with grain shedding. In order to obtain information for the breeding of new persistent shedding varieties, this study was designed to clarify the inheritance of grain shedding habits in relation to the abscission layer. In the cross combination of two easily shedding varieties, Milyang 23, a japonica-indica hybrid rice with cracked abscission layers and Ashahi, a japonica-type rice with uncracked abscission layers, the cracking of parenchymatous cells in the abscission layer was controlled by a single dominant gene. The breaking tensile strength coincided well with cracked and uncracked abscission layers. In four crosses between a persistent shedding variety without abscission layers and two easily shedding varieties with cracked abscission layers, and two medium shedding varieties with uncracked abscission layers, respectively, the formation of the abscission layer was controlled by a single dominant gene. The easily shedding and persistent shedding habits coincided well when the abscission layers were both present and absent. The easily shedding characteristics were dominant in cross combination. The close negative correlations were recognized between degrees of grain shedding and breaking tensile strengths.  相似文献   

Phosphorylated human lectin galectin-3: analysis of ligand binding by histochemical monitoring of normal/malignant squamous epithelia and by isothermal titration calorimetry     

Szabo P  Dam TK  Smetana K  Dvoránková B  Kübler D  Brewer CF  Gabius HJ 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2009,38(1):68-75

The human lectin galectin-3 is a multifunctional effector with special functions in regulation of adhesion and apoptosis. Its unique trimodular organization includes the 12-residue N-terminal sequence, a substrate for protein kinase CK1-dependent phosphorylation. As a step towards elucidating its significance, we prepared phosphorylated galectin-3, labelled it and used it as a tool in histochemistry. We monitored normal and malignant squamous epithelia. Binding was suprabasal with obvious positive correlation to the degree of differentiation and negative correlation to proliferation. The staining pattern resembled that obtained with the unmodified lectin. Basal cell carcinomas were invariably negative. The epidermal positivity profile was akin to distribution of the desmosomal protein desmoglein, as also seen with keratinocytes in vitro . In all cases, binding was inhibitable by the presence of lactose, prompting further investigation of the activity of the lectin site by a sensitive biochemical method, i.e. isothermal titration calorimetry. The overall affinity and the individual enthalpic and entropic contributions were determined. No effect of phosphorylation was revealed. This strategic combination of histo- and biochemical techniques applied to an endogenous effector after its processing by a protein kinase thus enabled a detailed monitoring of the binding properties of the post-translationally modified lectin. It underscores the value of using endogenous lectins as a histochemical tool. The documented approach has merit for applications beyond lectinology.  相似文献   

Are cadmium, lead and mercury concentrations in mosses across Europe primarily determined by atmospheric deposition of these metals?     

Winfried Schröder  Marcel Holy  Roland Pesch  Harry Harmens  Ilia Ilyin  Eiliv Steinnes  Renate Alber  Yuliya Aleksiayenak  Oleg Blum  Mahmut Coşkun  Maria Dam  Ludwig De Temmerman  Marina Frolova  Marina Frontasyeva  Laura Gonzalez Miqueo  Krystyna Grodzińska  Zvonka Jeran  Szymon Korzekwa  Miodrag Krmar  Eero Kubin  Kestutis Kvietkus  Sébastien Leblond  Siiri Liiv  Sigurður Magnússon  Blanka Maňkovská  Juha Piispanen  Åke Rühling  Jesus Santamaria  Zdravko Spiric  Ivan Suchara  Lotti Thöni  Viktor Urumov  Lilyana Yurukova  Harald G. Zechmeister 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2010,10(8):1572-1584

Purpose

This study aimed at investigating correlations between heavy metal concentrations in mosses and modelled deposition values as well as other site-specific and regional characteristics to determine which factors primarily affect cadmium, lead and mercury concentrations in mosses. The resulting relationships could potentially be used to enhance the spatial resolution of heavy metal deposition maps across Europe.

Materials and methods

Modelled heavy metal deposition data and data on the concentration of heavy metals in naturally growing mosses were integrated into a geographic information system and analysed by means of bivariate rank correlation analysis and multivariate decision trees. Modelled deposition data were validated annually with deposition measurements at up to 63 EMEP measurement stations within the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP), and mosses were collected at up to 7,000 sites at 5-year intervals between 1990 and 2005.

Results and discussion

Moderate to high correlations were found between cadmium and lead concentrations in mosses and modelled atmospheric deposition of these metals: Spearman rank correlation coefficients were between 0.62 and 0.67, and 0.67 and 0.73 for cadmium and lead, respectively (p?<?0.001). Multivariate decision tree analyses showed that cadmium and lead concentrations in mosses were primarily determined by the atmospheric deposition of these metals, followed by emissions of the metals. Low to very low correlations were observed between mercury concentrations in mosses and modelled atmospheric deposition of mercury. According to the multivariate analyses, spatial variations of the mercury concentration in mosses was primarily associated with the sampled moss species and not with the modelled deposition, but regional differences in the atmospheric chemistry of mercury and corresponding interactions with the moss may also be involved.

Conclusions

At least for cadmium and lead, concentrations in mosses are a valuable tool in determining and mapping the spatial variation in atmospheric deposition across Europe at a high spatial resolution. For mercury, more studies are needed to elucidate interactions of different chemical species with the moss.  相似文献