Diversity of Enterococcus cecorum from chickens     

Boerlin P  Nicholson V  Brash M  Slavic D  Boyen F  Sanei B  Butaye P 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,157(3-4):405-411

Enterococcus cecorum is a normal inhabitant of the intestine of birds and other vertebrates. It has recently emerged in Canada and other countries as an important cause of arthritis and osteomyelitis in chickens. The objectives of this study were to assess if this emergence was caused by a particular clone of E. cecorum and to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility of this organism. One hundred and thirteen E. cecorum isolates from infections in Canadian chickens (cases) and from the ceca of control chickens from Canada and Belgium were examined. Isolates were identified using biochemical tests and, for a number of them, identification was confirmed by partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Case and control isolates were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using the broth microdilution method. Cecal isolates from control birds were genetically very diverse but the vast majority of those from cases belonged to a single major clonal lineage. Reduced susceptibility was widespread for tetracycline, bacitracin, and erythromycin. Isolates from cases were generally less susceptible to antimicrobial agents than isolates from control birds.  相似文献   

Acid-base and biochemical stabilization and quality of recovery in male cats with urethral obstruction and anesthetized with propofol or a combination of ketamine and diazepam     

Gabrielle C. Freitas  Marina G. Monteiro Carvalho Mori da Cunha  Kleber Gomes  Jo?o P. Monteiro Carvalho Mori da Cunha  Monique Togni  Ney L. Pippi  Adriano B. Carregaro 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2012,76(3):201-208

This study compared acid-base and biochemical changes and quality of recovery in male cats with experimentally induced urethral obstruction and anesthetized with either propofol or a combination of ketamine and diazepam for urethral catheterization. Ten male cats with urethral obstruction were enrolled for urethral catheterization and anesthetized with either ketamine-diazepam (KD) or propofol (P). Lactated Ringer’s solution was administered by intravenous (IV) beginning 15 min before and continuing for 48 h after relief of urethral obstruction. Quality of recovery and time to standing were evaluated. The urethral catheter was maintained to measure urinary output. Hematocrit (Hct), total plasma protein (TPP), albumin, total protein (TP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, pH, bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻), chloride, base excess, anion gap, sodium, potassium, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide in mixed venous blood (pvCO₂) were measured before urethral obstruction, at start of fluid therapy (0 h), and at subsequent intervals. The quality of recovery and time to standing were respectively 4 and 75 min in the KD group and 5 and 16 min in the P group. The blood urea nitrogen values were increased at 0, 2, and 8 h in both groups. Serum creatinine increased at 0 and 2 h in cats administered KD and at 0, 2, and 8 h in cats receiving P, although the values were above the reference range in both groups until 8 h. Acidosis occurred for up to 2 h in both groups. Acid-base and biochemical stabilization were similar in cats anesthetized with propofol or with ketamine-diazepam. Cats that received propofol recovered much faster, but the ketamine-diazepam combination was shown to be more advantageous when treating uncooperative cats as it can be administered by intramuscular (IM) injection.  相似文献   

Recent progress in West Nile virus diagnosis and vaccination     

De Filette M  Ulbert S  Diamond M  Sanders NN 《Veterinary research》2012,43(1):16

ABSTRACT: West Nile virus (WNV) is a positive-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family, a large family with 3 main genera (flavivirus, hepacivirus and pestivirus). Among these viruses, there are several globally relevant human pathogens including the mosquito-borne dengue virus (DENV), yellow fever virus (YFV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and West Nile virus (WNV), as well as tick-borne viruses such as tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). Since the mid-1990s, outbreaks of WN fever and encephalitis have occurred throughout the world and WNV is now endemic in Africa, Asia, Australia, the Middle East, Europe and the Unites States. This review describes the molecular virology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and highlights recent progress regarding diagnosis and vaccination against WNV infections.  相似文献   

Effects of a standardized anesthetic protocol on hematologic variables in healthy cats     

Dhumeaux MP  Snead EC  Epp TY  Taylor SM  Carr AP  Dickinson RM  Leis ML 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2012,14(10):701-705

This study evaluated the effects of an anesthetic protocol using intravenous ketamine and midazolam, and intramuscular buprenorphine on hematologic variables in cats. Twelve healthy adult cats had blood collected for a complete blood count before and after the induction of anesthesia. There were significant decreases in red blood cell counts, hemoglobin concentrations and hematocrits after the induction of anesthesia. On average, red blood cell counts and hematocrits decreased by 25%, and hemoglobin concentrations decreased by 24%. Based on hematocrit, 3/12 samples (25%) taken while the cats were anesthetized would have been interpreted as belonging to anemic patients while none of the cats would have been considered anemic before anesthesia. This study suggests that a complete blood count performed on blood taken under anesthesia with this anesthetic protocol should be interpreted cautiously in order to not make a false diagnosis of anemia.  相似文献   

The effects of drug detection training on behavioral reactivity and blood neurotransmitter levels in drug detection dogs: A preliminary study     

Jacopo Riva  Stefano P. Marelli  Veronica Redaelli  Gianpietro P. Bondiolotti  Elisabetta Sforzini  Michele Matteo Santoro  Corrado Carenzi  Marina Verga  Fabio Luzi 《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2012,7(1):11-20

The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of drug detection training on behavior and blood neurotransmitter levels in drug detection dogs so as to investigate some variables influencing dog reactivity and responsiveness to training. In all, 20 dogs were sampled out of the Guardia di Finanza canine population. All the subjects were born, reared, housed, and trained in the same facility and followed the same training sessions. Dogs’ behavioral reactivity was scored according to a standardized working dogs test to evaluate natural dog attitudes. Plasma samples were analyzed by the high-performance liquid chromatography method to evaluate adrenaline, noradrenaline, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, homovanillic acid (HVA), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol acid (MHPG), 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels. 5-HT and 5-HIAA were also analyzed from platelets. The analysis was carried out considering training, breed, and sex as independent variables. From a behavioral point of view, significant differences were recorded before and after training in “sociability,” “playfulness,” “predatory instinct,” and “aggressiveness” scores. Lower levels of platelet 5-HT and 5-HIAA were found after training. Plasma L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine levels differed between sexes, with males showing higher concentrations. These results underline the importance of complete and objective evaluations protocols of the dogs before, during, and after drugs search training to determine effective and successful selection strategies and training procedures.  相似文献   

有关猪肺炎支原体感染诊断方法和流行病学的最新观点   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Marina Sibila  Maria Pieters  Thomas Molitor  Dnminiek Maes  沈权 《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》2009,29(3)

猪肺炎支原体是猪地方性肺炎(Enzootic Pneumonia,EP)的主要病原体,本病是一种主要影响肥育猪的慢性呼吸道疾病.尽管人们在控制猪肺炎支原体感染及其带来的不利影响上花费了大量的精力,但是猪地方性肺炎仍继续给全球养猪生产造成重大的经济损失.猪肺炎支原体通常是通过引进亚临床型感染的动物而侵入猪群的,或通过短距离的空气传播发生感染,但后一种情况较少.一旦侵入猪群,猪肺炎支原体可通过与受感染的母猪直接接触而将病原体传给后代或在同圈猪只之间进行传播.用于诊断猪肺炎支原体感染的"黄金标准"技术--细菌学培养非常费劲,通常很少使用.酶联免疫吸附试验和聚合酶链式反应检测方法以及以屠宰场监测或田间剖解为形式的死后检查,是用于调查猪肺炎支原体是否参与了猪呼吸道疾病的最常用技术.这些技术已被用来监测受猪地方性肺炎影响的猪群猪肺炎支原体的临床型和亚临床型感染猪群、免疫猪群或非免疫猪群以及处于不同的生产条件和管理条件下的猪群的发生情况.猪场水平上的猪地方性肺炎临床过程差异以及猪肺炎支原体疫苗接种效果的差异表明,猪肺炎支原体的不同田间分离株的传播和毒力特性存在差异.本文综述了猪肺炎支原体感染的流行病学最新知识,包括其传播、感染和血清转化动力学,并且还比较了用来监测猪地方性肺炎的各种流行病学方法.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the presence of selected viral and bacterial nucleic acids in pericardial samples from dogs with or without idiopathic pericardial effusion     

Zini E  Glaus TM  Bussadori C  Borgarelli M  Santilli RA  Tarducci A  Margiocco ML  Rampazzo A  Meli ML  Maisch B  Pankuweit S 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2009,179(2):225-229

Many viruses have been identified in pericardial fluid and in tissue samples from humans with pericarditis by means of molecular diagnostics. In canine idiopathic pericardial effusion there is as yet no conclusive evidence to support the involvement of an infectious agent. This study was designed to investigate a possible relationship between idiopathic pericardial effusion in dogs and viruses most commonly encountered in humans affected with viral pericarditis. Coxsackievirus B3 RNA, influenza virus type A RNA, human adenovirus type 2 DNA, human cytomegalovirus DNA, and parvovirus B19 DNA were investigated using PCR on pericardial effusion samples and pericardial tissue specimens collected from 14 dogs with idiopathic pericardial effusion. PCR was also used to test for two bacteria, Borrelia burgdorferi and Chlamydia pneumoniae. The same microorganisms were also looked for in pericardial effusions or pericardial washes from 10 dogs with neoplastic pericardial effusion, and in samples collected from 10 dogs which died of a non-cardiac disease. One pericardial effusion sample from a dog with the idiopathic form of the disease tested positive for influenza virus type A and sequencing of the amplicon confirmed the PCR result. In another dog from the same group a cytomegalovirus was detected by PCR in the effusion, but sequencing showed this to be a false-positive result. The genomes of the microorganisms investigated were not detected in neoplastic effusions or pericardial washes. The results indicate that viral and bacterial DNA/RNA of relevance for human pericarditis is rare in pericardial samples from dogs with idiopathic pericardial effusion. The finding of influenza type A viral RNA in pericardial fluid from one dog with the idiopathic form of the disease warrants further investigation.  相似文献   

Use of ITS nuclear sequences from Phelipanche aegyptiaca as a direct tool to detect single seeds of broomrape species in the soil     

Radi Aly  Hanan Eizenberg  Marina Kocherman  Jacklin Abu-Nassar  Leena Taha  Ibrahim Saadi 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2012,133(3):523-526

Broomrape (Phelipanche and Orobanche spp.) are obligate holoparasites that attack roots of almost all economically-important crops in semiarid regions of the world. Broomrape seeds are extremely small (dust-like seeds), averaging 200 to 300?μm in size and because of the miniscule seed size it is difficult to detect and confirm via conventional methods. In this study our aim was to develop a PCR-based assay specific for broomrape soil-borne seeds and sensitive enough to detect a single or few broomrape seeds in a soil sample. For this purpose, we used complementary polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers based upon unique sequences in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the nuclear ribosomal DNA of Phelipanche aegyptiaca. Genomic DNA was extracted from soil samples artificially infested with broomrape seeds or tissue of Phelipanche aegyptiaca Pers., Orobanche cumana Wallr. and Phelipanche crenata Forsk. and subjected to PCR analysis. Using ITS-350 primers, a specific PCR product (350?bp) was amplified and detected in all samples containing broomrape species, but was not detected in soil sample free of broomrape seeds or tissues. Additionally, the PCR-based assay was sensitive enough to detect even a single broomrape seed in the soil. As expected the universal internal control primers amplified a PCR product (555?bp) of genomic DNA extracted from soil samples with or without broomrape tissues or seeds. This diagnostic method is simple, reliable and rapid and could help for assessment of broomrape seed contamination in a crop field.  相似文献   

Seroprevalence of anaplasmosis among cattle in Switzerland in 1998 and 2003: no evidence of an emerging disease     

Dreher UM  Hofmann-Lehmann R  Meli ML  Regula G  Cagienard AY  Stärk KD  Doherr MG  Filli F  Hässig M  Braun U  Kocan KM  Lutz H 《Veterinary microbiology》2005,107(1-2):71-79

Anaplasma marginale infection in Europe has been limited to the Mediterranean and eastern countries, to Austria and to very sporadic cases in Switzerland. There are no reports of its occurrence in the countries north of Switzerland. A severe outbreak of anaplasmosis in August 2002 in a cattle farm in the canton Grisons, Switzerland, north of the Alps, with more than 300 cattle that had to be culled, came unexpected and gave reason to hypothesize presence of an increased yet undetected prevalence of A. marginale in Switzerland. Randomly selected bovine serum samples collected in 1998 and 2003 were tested using a competitive inhibitory ELISA (cELISA) to test the hypothesis. Our validation of the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of this test, done in the outbreak herd, yielded 99.2 and 83.3%, respectively, probably underestimating the true specificity. The true seroprevalence of anaplasmosis in Swiss cattle determined by cELISA was likely to be zero with upper 95% confidence limits of 2.49% in the canton Grisons and 1.17% in the rest of Switzerland, respectively, in 1998. For 2003, these estimates were even lower. There was no significant difference in apparent prevalences between 1998 and 2003. In search of a possible reservoir, three chamoises out of 46 free ranging wild ruminants from the Swiss National Park, Grisons, tested positive in the cELISA. This reaction is in accordance with A. marginale or a cross reacting agent such as Anaplasma ovis. From our results we conclude that the hypothesis of an increased prevalence of anaplasmosis in cattle in Switzerland must be rejected.  相似文献   

Dynamics of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in 12 farms with different production systems          下载免费PDF全文

Marina Sibila  Maria Calsamiglia  Dolors Vidal  Lloren? Badiella  álvaro Aldaz    Jens C. Jensen 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2004,68(1):12-18

This study had 2 objectives: 1) to determine the involvement of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in respiratory outbreaks in herds of pigs, with the use of a nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); and 2) to determine if the dynamics of M. hyopneumoniae infection differ between 3-site versus 1- or 2-site production systems (in which at least farrowing/gestation and nursery pigs are on the same site). Animals of different ages from 12 Spanish farms with respiratory problems were randomly sampled. Blood samples and nasal swabs were collected in a single farm visit, and ELISA and nPCR tests, respectively, were performed. All the farms demonstrated M. hyopneumoniae. According to the proportions of infected animals and the appearance of clinical signs in the different age groups, the farms were divided into 2 groups: farms in which M. hyopneumoniae probably played an important role in the observed respiratory outbreak and farms in which M. hyopneumoniae was not the main agent involved in the outbreak. Although seroconversion occurred in most herds in the finishing units, the number of seropositive pigs in the first group of farms was greater than the number in the second group. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.0001) between farms with a 1- or 2-site production system versus those with a 3-site production system were detected in nPCR results but not in rates of seroconversion. The farm effect also had a great influence on both controlled parameters: the pathogen’s DNA and antibody detection. Thus, although M. hyopneumoniae was present in all the studied farms, there were significant differences in the infection dynamics and clinical implications according to the type of production system, and M. hyopneumoniae colonization and seroconversion were greatly influenced by the effect of the individual farm.  相似文献