Recent Advances in Canine and Feline Nutrition, Vol II: 1998 lams Nutrition Symposium          下载免费PDF全文

Marion Smart 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2000,41(3):243

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Histopathological findings,phenotyping of inflammatory cells,and expression of markers of nitritative injury in joint tissue samples from calves after vaccination and intraarticular challenge with Mycoplasma bovis strain 1067     

Vemuri Rama Devi  Fran?ois Poumarat  Dominique Le Grand  Renate Rosengarten  Kathrin Hermeyer  Marion Hewicker-Trautwein 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2014,56(1):45

Background

The pathogenesis of caseonecrotic lesions developing in lungs and joints of calves infected with Mycoplasma bovis is not clear and attempts to prevent M. bovis-induced disease by vaccines have been largely unsuccessful. In this investigation, joint samples from 4 calves, i.e. 2 vaccinated and 2 non-vaccinated, of a vaccination experiment with intraarticular challenge were examined. The aim was to characterize the histopathological findings, the phenotypes of inflammatory cells, the expression of class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC class II) molecules, and the expression of markers for nitritative stress, i.e. inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitrotyrosine (NT), in synovial membrane samples from these calves. Furthermore, the samples were examined for M. bovis antigens including variable surface protein (Vsp) antigens and M. bovis organisms by cultivation techniques.

Results

The inoculated joints of all 4 calves had caseonecrotic and inflammatory lesions. Necrotic foci were demarcated by phagocytic cells, i.e. macrophages and neutrophilic granulocytes, and by T and B lymphocytes. The presence of M. bovis antigens in necrotic tissue lesions was associated with expression of iNOS and NT by macrophages. Only single macrophages demarcating the necrotic foci were positive for MHC class II. Microbiological results revealed that M. bovis had spread to approximately 27% of the non-inoculated joints. Differences in extent or severity between the lesions in samples from vaccinated and non-vaccinated animals were not seen.

Conclusions

The results suggest that nitritative injury, as in pneumonic lung tissue of M. bovis-infected calves, is involved in the development of caseonecrotic joint lesions. Only single macrophages were positive for MHC class II indicating down-regulation of antigen-presenting mechanisms possibly caused by local production of iNOS and NO by infiltrating macrophages.  相似文献   

Antepartal insulin-like growth factor concentrations indicating differences in the metabolic adaptive capacity of dairy cows     

Marion Piechotta  Lars Holzhausen  Marcelo Gil Araujo  Maike Heppelmann  Anja Sipka  Chistiane Pfarrer  Hans-Joachim Schuberth  Heinrich Bollwein 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2014,15(3):343-352

Cows with different Insulin-like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I) concentrations showed comparable expression levels of hepatic growth hormone receptor (GHR). Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2), could be responsible for additional inhibition of the GHR signal cascade. The aims were to monitor cows with high or low antepartal IGF-I concentrations (IGF-I^high or IGF-I^low), evaluate the interrelationships of endocrine endpoints, and measure hepatic SOCS2 expression. Dairy cows (n = 20) were selected (240 to 254 days after artificial insemination (AI)). Blood samples were drawn daily (day -17 until calving) and IGF-I, GH, insulin, thyroid hormones, estradiol, and progesterone concentrations were measured. Liver biopsies were taken (day 264 ± 1 after AI and postpartum) to measure mRNA expression (IGF-I, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-4, acid labile subunit (ALS), SOCS2, deiodinase1, GHR1A). IGF-I concentrations in the two groups were different (p < 0.0001). However, GH concentrations and GHR1A mRNA expression were comparable (p > 0.05). Thyroxine levels and ALS expression were higher in the IGF-I^high cows compared to IGF-I^low cows. Estradiol concentration tended to be greater in the IGF-I^low group (p = 0.06). It was hypothesized that low IGF-I levels are associated with enhanced SOCS2 expression although this could not be decisively confirmed by the present study.  相似文献   

The dynamic architecture of Hox gene clusters     

Noordermeer D  Leleu M  Splinter E  Rougemont J  De Laat W  Duboule D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,334(6053):222-225

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Structures of glycoprotein Ibalpha and its complex with von Willebrand factor A1 domain     

Huizinga EG  Tsuji S  Romijn RA  Schiphorst ME  de Groot PG  Sixma JJ  Gros P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,297(5584):1176-1179

Transient interactions of platelet-receptor glycoprotein Ibalpha (GpIbalpha) and the plasma protein von Willebrand factor (VWF) reduce platelet velocity at sites of vascular damage and play a role in haemostasis and thrombosis. Here we present structures of the GpIbalpha amino-terminal domain and its complex with the VWF domain A1. In the complex, GpIbalpha wraps around one side of A1, providing two contact areas bridged by an area of solvated charge interaction. The structures explain the effects of gain-of-function mutations related to bleeding disorders and provide a model for shear-induced activation. These detailed insights into the initial interactions in platelet adhesion are relevant to the development of antithrombotic drugs.  相似文献   

The effect of dietary supplementation with globin and spray-dried porcine plasma on performance,digestibility and histomorphological traits in broiler chickens     

Sihem Dabbou  Angela Trocino  Gerolamo Xiccato  Joana Nery  Josefa Madrid  Silvia Martinez  Fuensanta Hernández  Isabelle D. Kalmar  Maria Teresa Capucchio  Elena Colombino  Ilaria Biasato  Lucia Bailoni  Laura Gasco  Cecilia Mugnai  Achille Schiavone 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2021,105(Z2):42-51

This study evaluated the effects of globin and spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) on growth performance, digestibility, nitrogen retention, energy retention efficiency (ERE) and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. A total of 336-day-old male broiler chickens were reared from 1 to 40 days of age and fed 3 diets (8 replicates/diet, 14 birds/replicate) during 3 feeding phases: starter (1–12 days), grower (12–25 days) and finisher (25–40 days). Isonitrogenous diets were formulated by replacing gluten protein isolate contained in the control diet (C diet) with 2% (starter) or 1% (grower and finisher) spray-dried porcine plasma in the plasma diet (SDPP diet). The globin diet (G diet) was obtained by adding globin on the top of C diet at a dose of 0.08% for the whole rearing period. Total tract apparent digestibility (aD), nitrogen retention and ERE were assessed during the three growing phases. At 12  and 40 days of age, one bird per pen was slaughtered to sample gut, liver, spleen and bursa of Fabricius for histomorphological investigations. The SDPP diet increased body weights of chickens at 12 (+60 g; p < .001), 25 (+101 g; p < .001) and 40 days (+130 g; p = .018) of age compared to C and G diets. Also SDPP improved crude protein aD (+9.7%) and ERE (+12.3%) during the starter phase (p < .001). Dietary globin and SDPP inclusion did not affect either the gut morphology or the histopathological findings in birds at 12 and 40 days of age, despite a numerical (+6.90% and +7.40% respectively) villus height improvement in the SDPP group. Overall, these results confirm that dietary supplementation with SDPP and, to a lesser extent, with globin can improve growth performance and dietary protein and energy utilization in broiler chickens without effect on gut functionality.  相似文献   

In vitro effects of lipopolysaccharides on bovine uterine contractility     

Maraike Wiebe  Christiane Pfarrer  Lara Górriz Martín  Marion Schmicke  Martina Hoedemaker  Heiner Bollwein  Maike Heppelmann 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2021,56(1):172-182

Metritis is an important disorder in dairy cows during the early postpartum period. Myometrial contractility is a prerequisite for uterine involution; however, very scanty literature is available about the effect of metritis on this process and endocrine responsiveness. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of inflammation on uterine contractility in vitro, and the inflammation was induced by incubating myometrial strips with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Myometrial samples were collected from 17 healthy Holstein Friesian cows during caesarean section. Eight longitudinal strips from each cow were incubated in organ baths with LPS concentrations of 0 (LPS₀), 0.1 (LPS_0.1), 1 (LPS₁) and 10 µg/ml (LPS₁₀). Spontaneous contractility and contractility induced by increasing concentrations of oxytocin (10^–10 – 10^–7 mol/L) were recorded during nine 30-min intervals (T1 to T9). The minimum amplitude (minA), maximum amplitude (maxA), mean amplitude (meanA) and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated for each time interval. LPS had an effect (p ≤ .05) on maxA, meanA and AUC. In T1, myometrial strips incubated with LPS_0.1 and LPS₁ had higher (p ≤ .05) maxA, meanA and AUC than the strips incubated with LPS₀. In T9 without oxytocin, LPS₀ led to higher (p ≤ .05) maxA, meanA and AUC than LPS_0.1 and LPS₁. In T8 and T9 with oxytocin, LPS₁ had lower (p ≤ .05) maxA, meanA and AUC than the other LPS concentrations. Interestingly, the results show that LPS has a transient positive effect on myometrial contractility in vitro and that this effect is dependent on LPS concentration and duration of incubation.  相似文献   

Does apoplastic ascorbic acid enhance manganese tolerance of Vigna unguiculata and Phaseolus vulgaris?     

Marion M. Fecht‐Christoffers  Walter J. Horst 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2005,168(4):590-599

In cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), the development of manganese (Mn) toxicity is considered to be accompanied by the formation of reactive oxygen species, oxidized Mn, and phenoxy radicals in the leaf apoplast. Ascorbic acid (AA) is a common antioxidant in plants, and the oxidation of AA, particularly in the leaf apoplast, contributes to the first line of defence against several biotic and abiotic stress factors. The objective of the present study was to contribute to a better understanding of the role of AA in Mn leaf‐tissue tolerance of cowpea and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Five cowpea cultivars (cvs.) differed greatly in Mn tolerance, which was expressed in differences in numbers of brown spots on leaves and in peroxidase (POD) activity in the apoplastic washing fluid (AWF). In a Mn‐sensitive cv., after 3 d of Mn treatment, brown spots were formed, and POD activities were increased, accompanied by a release of proteins into the apoplast. In the AWF, the concentration of AA and the ratio of AA : (AA+DHA) decreased already after 1 d, and to only 2% after 3 d. In the leaf tissue, the ratio was nearly unaffected, and the total AA+DHA content in the leaf tissue was even increased with advanced expression of Mn toxicity. The application of AA solutions in the range of 5–10 μM via the petiole slightly enhanced Mn tolerance as indicated by the reduction of brown spots (however inconsistently) and POD activity (consistently) in the AWF. Common bean cultivars differing in ozone tolerance, which has been reported to be due to a high AA availability in the leaf apoplast, were studied for their Mn tolerance. Clear differences in Mn tolerance between the cultivars existed, however, these differences were not related to their ozone tolerance. From these results, we conclude that the maintenance of sufficient AA levels in the leaf apoplast contribute to Mn tolerance, but does not fully explain genotypic differences in Mn tolerance in cowpea and common bean.  相似文献   

Insectivorous songbirds as early indicators of future defoliation by spruce budworm     

Germain  Marion  Kneeshaw  Daniel  De Grandpré  Louis  Desrochers  Mélanie  James  Patrick M. A.  Vepakomma  Udayalakshmi  Poulin  Jean-François  Villard  Marc-André 《Landscape Ecology》2021,36(10):3013-3027

Landscape Ecology - Although the spatiotemporal dynamics of spruce budworm outbreaks have been intensively studied, forecasting outbreaks remains challenging. During outbreaks, budworm-linked...  相似文献   

Granulomatous mural folliculitis in a dog treated with ciclosporin and methotrexate     

Pauline Panzuti  Marion Mosca  Didier Pin 《Veterinary dermatology》2020,31(2):170-e35

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