Isoproturon mineralization in an agricultural soil     

Talaat El Sebaï  Marion Devers-Lamrani  Bernard Lagacherie  Nadine Rouard  Guy Soulas  Fabrice Martin-Laurent 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2011,47(4):427-435

The impact of soil moisture content and temperature on isoproturon (3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-1,1-dimethyl-urea [IPU]) mineralization activity was assessed on an agricultural soil regularly exposed to this herbicide. Mineralization of ¹⁴C-IPU was monitored on soil microcosms incubated at different temperatures (10°C, 20°C, 28°C) and soil moisture contents (9%, 12%, 15, 18%, 21%, 24%). An increase in temperature and/or soil moisture significantly enhanced the maximum rate and percentage of IPU mineralization while it decreased the lag time before mineralization. The maximum rate and percentage of IPU mineralization respectively ranged from 0.18% day⁻¹ and 9% for the lowest temperature and soil moisture content pair (10°C–9%) to 1.51% day⁻¹ and 27.1% for the highest pair (28°C–24%). Statistics revealed a cross interaction of temperature and soil moisture content on the maximum rate of IPU mineralization. The optimum conditions for IPU mineralization, estimated from the double Gaussian model, were 25.8°C and 24% soil moisture content. The influence of fluctuations in soil moisture content on IPU-mineralization was investigated by subjecting the soil microcosms to drought stress. When IPU was added at the end of the drought stress, it had no statistical effect on IPU mineralization. However, when it was added before the drought stress, two mineralization phases were observed: (1) one corresponding to the drought stress for which mineralization was low and (2) another one observed after restoration of soil moisture content characterized by higher mineralization rate. It can be concluded that climatic fluctuations affect the activity of IPU mineralizing microbial community, and may lead to an increase in IPU persistence.  相似文献   

Phenolic composition and antioxidant properties of poplar bud (Populus nigra) extract: individual antioxidant contribution of phenolics and transcriptional effect on skin aging     

Dudonné S  Poupard P  Coutière P  Woillez M  Richard T  Mérillon JM  Vitrac X 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(9):4527-4536

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Genetic diversity assessment of Ethiopian tetraploid wheat landraces and improved durum wheat varieties using microsatellites and markers linked with stem rust resistance     

Jemanesh K. Haile  Karl Hammer  Ayele Badebo  Miloudi M. Nachit  Marion S. Röder 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2013,60(2):513-527

A set of 77 markers was used to describe the genetic diversity in a group of 58 tetraploid wheat accessions. Analysis was performed using 31 neutral SSR markers, 31 SSR/STS markers linked with reported major stem rust resistance genes and 15 SSR markers linked with QTL identified for resistance to Ethiopian stem rust races of Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. et E. Henn. (Pgt),including Ug99. The material consisted of 32 (Triticum durum s.l. incl. T. aethiopicum Jakubz., Triticum turgidum and Triticum polonicum) landraces and 22 registered T. durum varieties from Ethiopia that were released 1966–2009 and four T. durum varieties from ICARDA. A total of 720 alleles were detected. Considering the three marker sets, the mean number of alleles was higher for major stem rust resistance gene linked markers (9.9) followed by neutral SSR markers (9.2) and markers linked with QTL for stem rust resistance (8.5). Dendrograms derived from UPGMA analysis grouped the accessions into two major clusters. The principal component analysis based on the combination of the three marker sets formed three groups. The 1st group was composed of all the improved varieties, whereas the 2nd and the 3rd group contained the landraces. All the landraces that formed the 3rd group were susceptible to Ethiopian stem rust races of Pgt including Ug99. The information on the extent of the genetic diversity of the improved varieties obtained in this investigation will be helpful for developing appropriate breeding strategies to broadening the genetic base of durum wheat varieties in further breeding programmes.  相似文献   

THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND LOSS OF NUTRIENTS IN SILAGE MADE WITH THE ADDITION OF SODIUM METABISULPHITE AND HALOGENATED ACETATE OF GLYCOL     

J. C. Murdoch    Muriel C.  Holdsworth Marion  Wood 《Grass and Forage Science》1956,11(1):16-22

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Breeding for organic agriculture: the example of winter wheat in Austria   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Franziska Löschenberger  Andreas Fleck  Heinrich Grausgruber  Herbert Hetzendorfer  Gerhard Hof  Julia Lafferty  Marion Marn  Anton Neumayer  Georg Pfaffinger  Johann Birschitzky 《Euphytica》2008,163(3):469-480

Breeding for organic agriculture (BFOA) is a strategy for a commercial breeding company based on the exploitation of the frequently observed high correlation for many traits between conventional, low input (LI) and organic agriculture (ORG). Indirect selection under LI can be useful to roughly divide the germplasm into the genotypes better adapted to high input and those better adapted to LI or ORG conditions. BFOA is an evolving process, in which two methods are currently applied: early generations are either selected following the pedigree system under LI, or grown as bulk populations on ORG fields. In the latter case the system switches to LI after individual ear selection under ORG conditions. In both methods, the first replicated yield trial is grown parallel under ORG and LI. Subsequently, the genotypes are grouped into conventional or ORG advanced trial series. The BFOA strategy allows that the larger genetic variability of both the organic and conventional gene pool can be exploited in the selection for ORG. Hitherto, seven winter wheat varieties were released in Austria after exclusive organic VCU testing.  相似文献   

Recent Advances in Canine and Feline Nutrition, Vol II: 1998 lams Nutrition Symposium          下载免费PDF全文

Marion Smart 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2000,41(1):32

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Clinical effect of buprenorphine or butorphanol,in combination with detomidine and diazepam,on sedation and postoperative pain after cheek tooth extraction in horses     

Franziska R. Haunhorst  Klaus Hopster  Marion Schmicke  Astrid Bienert-Zeit  Sabine Kstner 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2022,63(1):39

The objective of this study was to compare effects of butorphanol (BUT) or buprenorphine (BUP), in combination with detomidine and diazepam, on the sedation quality, surgical conditions, and postoperative pain control after cheek tooth extraction in horses, randomly allocated to 2 treatment groups (BUT: n = 20; BUP: n = 20). A bolus of detomidine (15 μg/kg, IV) was followed by either BUP (7.5 μg/kg, IV) or BUT (0.05 mg/kg, IV). After 20 min, diazepam (0.01 mg/kg, IV) was administered and sedation was maintained with a detomidine IV infusion (20 μg/kg/h), with rate adjusted based on scores to 5 variables. All horses received a nerve block (maxillary or mandibular), and gingival infiltration with mepivacaine. Sedation quality was assessed by the surgeon from 1 (excellent) to 10 (surgery not feasible). A pain scoring system (EQUUS-FAP) was used to assess postoperative pain. Serum cortisol concentrations and locomotor activity (pedometers) were measured.Horses in BUP and BUT required a median detomidine infusion rate of 30.2 μg/kg/h (20 to 74.4 μg/kg/h) and 32.2 μg/kg/h (20 to 48.1 μg/kg/h), respectively (P = 0.22). Horses in the BUP group had better sedation quality (P < 0.05) during surgery and higher step counts (P < 0.001) postoperatively. Buprenorphine combined with detomidine provided a more reliable sedation than butorphanol. However, the EQUUS-FAP pain scale became unreliable because of BUP-induced excitement behavior.  相似文献   

Degradation and persistence of gamma-HCH and chlorpyrifos-methyl in Ponderosa pine bark     

Marion Page 《Pest management science》1983,14(6):571-575

Residues of gamma-HCH and chlorpyrifos-methyl in Ponderosa pine bark (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) were determined 7-300 days after spray treatment, by a rapid extraction method using ethyl acetate and sodium sulphate, and analysis by gasliquid chromatography using either an electron-capture or nitrogen-phosphorus detector. The residue data were fitted into a power curve equation, Y = ax^b, to determine the rates of insecticide disappearance. The half-life values (μg cm^?2), as interpolated from the power curve, indicate that 50% disappearance occurred in 43 (± 9) days for gamma-HCH and 102 (± 26) days for chlorpyrifos-methyl. When half-life values, however, are computed from extrapolated initial deposits, 50% disappearance occurred in 6 (± 1) days for gamma-HCH and 15 (±4) days for chlorpyrifos-methyl.  相似文献   

Parasitologic analyses of the sifaka (Propithecus verreauxi verreauxi) at Beza Mahafaly, Madagascar.     

Michael P Muehlenbein  Marion Schwartz  Alison Richard 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2003,34(3):274-277

A cross-sectional parasitologic survey of a population of wild sifaka (Propithecus verreauxi verreauxi) was conducted at the Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve in southwest Madagascar. Ninety fecal samples were collected from thirty 1- to 30-yr-old male and female sifakas, and the formalin-preserved and polyvinyl alcohol-preserved specimens were examined using the zinc sulfate flotation and formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation techniques. No intestinal parasites were recovered, possibly because the sifakas are arboreal in a dry, riverine habitat and lack human contact. Low rates of parasitic infection may have contributed to the evolution of later age at first reproduction and longer reproductive lifespan, for body mass, in Propithecus compared with other placental mammals.  相似文献   

Partially defatted black soldier fly larva meal inclusion in piglet diets: effects on the growth performance,nutrient digestibility,blood profile,gut morphology and histological features     

Ilaria Biasato  Manuela Renna  Francesco Gai  Sihem Dabbou  Marco Meneguz  Giovanni Perona  Silvia Martinez  Ana Cristina Barroeta Lajusticia  Stefania Bergagna  Luca Sardi  Maria Teresa Capucchio  Enrico Bressan  Andrea Dama  Achille Schiavone  Laura Gasco 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2019,(3)

Background: The aim of this trial was to investigate the effects of different inclusion levels of a partial y defatted black soldier fly(BSF, Hermetia il ucens L.) larva meal on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profile, gut morphology and histological features of piglets. A total of 48 newly weaned piglets were individual y weighed(initial body weight(IBW): 6.1 ± 0.16 kg) and randomly al ocated to 3 dietary treatments(4 boxes as replicates/treatment and 4 animals/box). BSF larva meal was included at increasing levels(0% [BSF0], 5% [BSF5] and 10% [BSF10]) in isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets formulated for two feeding phases: I(from d 1 to d 23) and I(from d 24 to d 61). The weight gain(WG), average daily gain(ADG), average daily feed intake(ADFI) and feed conversion ratio(FCR) were calculated for each feeding phase and for the whole trial. The haematochemical parameters and nutrient digestibility of the piglets were also evaluated. A total of 3 piglets per box were slaughtered on d 61 and the slaughtered piglets were submitted to morphometric investigations and histopathological examinations.Results: No overal significant differences were observed for growth performance(P 0.05), except for the ADFI of phase I, which showed a linear response to increasing BSF meal levels(P 0.05, maximum for the BSF10 group). Dietary BSF meal inclusion did not significantly influence the blood profile, except as far as monocytes and neutrophils are concerned,and these showed a linear and quadratic response, respectively, to increasing BSF meal levels(P 0.05, maximum for the BSF10 and BSF5 groups, respectively). On the other hand, the nutrient digestibility, gut morphology and histological features were not affected by dietary BSF meal inclusion(P 0.05).Conclusions: The obtained results show that a partial y defatted BSF larva meal can be used as a feed ingredient in diets for weaned piglets without negatively affecting their growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profile, gut morphology or histological features.  相似文献