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61.
Hiroshi Aiki Katsuhiko Takayama Takashi Tamaru Nobuhiro Mano Masafumi Shimada Hiroshi Komaki Hitomi Hirose 《Fisheries Science》2009,75(4):903-908
The Japanese eight-barbel loach Lefua echigonia, which is a freshwater fish native to Japan, is distributed from the Tohoku to Kinki districts and is divided into six regional
populations according to mtDNA analysis. In this study, we investigated L. echigonia collected from several locations in Yamagata Prefecture and neighboring prefectures using mtDNA control region sequences
and confirmed the spatial distribution pattern among the new regional population (Yamagata population). The new population
was limited to the Mogami river system in the inland area of Yamagata Prefecture and is distinguished from other regional
populations by high sequence divergences. 相似文献
62.
Masafumi SHIMIZU Yoshiko NAKAGAWA Yukio SATO Tamotsu FURUMAI Yasuhiro IGARASHI Hiroyasu ONAKA Ryuji YOSHIDA Hitoshi KUNOH 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2000,66(4):360-366
To survey endophytic actinomycetes as potential biocontrol agents against fungal diseases of rhododendron, young plants of
rhododendron were surface-sterilized for use as an isolation source. Nine, six and two isolates, with distinguishing characteristics
based on the macroscopic appearance of colonies, were obtained from roots, stems and leaves, respectively, suggesting that
various species of actinomycetes grow in the respective organs of this plant as symbionts or parasites. On an agar medium,
only isolate R-5 commonly formed a clear growth-inhibition zone against two major fungal pathogens of rhododendron, Phytophthora cinnamomi and Pestalotiopsis sydowiana, indicating that this isolate can produce antifungal material(s). Acetone extracts of a liquid culture of R-5 had a broad antimicrobial
spectrum against Gram-positive bacteria, yeast and filamentous fungi. Isolate R-5 was identified as a Streptomyces sp. based on morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomical characteristics. The present results indicate that isolate
R-5 is a suitable candidate for the biocontrol of diseases of rhododendron.
Received 25 March 2000/ Accepted in revised form 18 May 2000 相似文献
63.
Noriko Amiya Masafumi Amano Masayuki Iigo Takeshi Yamanome Akiyoshi Takahashi Kunio Yamamori 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(5):1040-1046
Immunohistochemical localization of orexin/hypocretin in the brain of a pleuronectiform fish, the barfin flounder Verasper moseri was examined as the first step in unraveling the possible function of the hormone in the brain. Orexin-A-like immunoreactive
(ir) cell bodies were found to be located in the nucleus posterioris periventricularis (NPPv) of the hypothalamus, and orexin-A-like-ir
fibers were detected not only in the hypothalamus but also extensively throughout the brain. The orexin-A-like-ir cell bodies
did not project their fibers to the pituitary gland. Since melaninconcentrating hormone (MCH) and α-melanocyte-stimulating
hormone (α-MSH) are suggested to regulate food intake in addition to orexin/hypocretin in the teleost fish, it was examined
whether neural connections exist between orexin neurons and the MCH and α-MSH neurons in the barfin flounder brain by using
double-staining immunohistochemistry. Some orexin-A-like-ir fibers were in close contact with the MCH-ir and α-MSH-ir cell
bodies in the hypothalamus. Moreover, a few MCH-ir and α-MSH-ir fibers were in close contact with the orexin-A-like-ir cell
bodies in the hypothalamus. These results suggest that reciprocal connections exist between the orexin and MCH neurons and
between the orexin and α-MSH neurons in the brain of the barfin flounder. 相似文献
64.
WanXue Bao Takuya Nagasaka Shin Inagaki Sho Tatebayashi Iori Imazaki Shin-ichi Fuji Takashi Tsuge Masafumi Shimizu Koji Kageyama Haruhisa Suga 《Plant pathology》2020,69(5):901-910
Fusarium fujikuroi, the causative agent of bakanae disease in rice, produces many kinds of secondary metabolites. Recently, two phylogenetic subgroups (F and G groups) of Japanese F. fujikuroi have been identified and found to have differences in their gibberellin (GA) and fumonisin production. G-group F. fujikuroi produces large amounts of GA, but is a fumonisin nonproducer. F-group produces large amounts of fumonisin, but is a GA low or nonproducer. We investigated the cause of low GA production in the F-group. Genetic mapping suggests that low GA production in the F-group strain Gfc0825009 is due to a GA gene cluster for GA biosynthesis. Analysis of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the genes in the GA gene cluster showed >98.4% homology between the F-group strain Gfc0825009 and the G-group strain Gfc0801001. Following a 7-day culture under low nitrogen conditions, we found that expression of P450-1, P450-4, and P450-2 in the cluster increased in the G-group strain and not in the F-group strain. We hypothesized that complementation by GA genes in the G-group strain would be required to increase GA production in the F-group strain. However, we found that this occurred with a single gene complementation of DES, P450-1, P450-4, or P450-2. Simultaneous increase in the expression of P450-1, P450-4, and P450-2 were detected in the complementary transformants. Moreover, the same phenomenon was observed by reintegration of its own P450-1. Our results suggest the presence of unknown regulatory mechanisms of the GA gene cluster in F. fujikuroi. 相似文献
65.
Masafumi OteraMakie Kokubun Hiroko TabeiToshinori Matsunami Tomiya MaekawaMasumi Okada 《Agricultural and Forest Meteorology》2011,151(10):1385-1393
Yield responsiveness to elevated CO2 concentration [CO2] was previously found to be greater when nitrogen (N) was supplied in adequate amounts; however, it remains unclear whether genotypic differences in N2-fixing capacity affect yield responsiveness in soybean. We tested the hypothesis that yield responsiveness to elevated [CO2] in soybean is greater in a genotype with a higher capacity for N2 fixation. We used three near-isogenic genotypes with contrasting nodulation capacities: super-nodulating, normally nodulating and non-nodulating genotypes. Plants were subjected to two levels of [CO2] (ambient or elevated: ambient + 200 μmol mol−1) and two temperature regimes (low or high: low + ca. 4-5 °C) using temperature gradient chambers. The super-nodulating genotype exhibited a higher N content in leaves, regardless of [CO2] and temperature. Photosynthetic rates were enhanced by CO2 enrichment at earlier growth stages, but not at later growth stages, regardless of genotype. This photosynthetic acclimation was reflected in biomass production in all the genotypes examined. Yield responsiveness to elevated [CO2] was greater in the nodulating genotypes than in the non-nodulating genotype, but the genotypic differences were obscured between the normally nodulating and super-nodulating genotype, thus our hypothesis was not fully verified. 相似文献
66.
Masafumi Amano Masayuki IIgo Toshikazu Sunuma Mitsushi Yamashita Kiyoshi Furukawa Mitsuo Tabata Kunio Yamamori 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(4):800-807
Self-feeding of grouped ayu Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis was examined under an artificial light-dark (LD) cycle and natural day length using a trigger with a photosensitive sensor.
In Experiment 1, approximately 15 juvenile fish (mean body weight, 0.6 g) were kept in 60-L glass tanks (four tanks) under
LD 12∶12 (lighting period 06∶00–18∶00 hours) and self-feeding and locomotor activities were simultaneously recorded. Self-feeding
was detected within one day and feeding activities were strongly synchronized to the LD cycle, with almost strictly diurnal
feeding (98.2%). Although locomotor activities in the upper part of the tank were also greatest during the light phase (76.8%),
the activity profiles were different from those of self-feeding, suggesting the validity of the photosensitive sensor. In
Experiment 2,25 fish (mean body weight, 15 g) were kept in outdoor 1000-L tanks (four tanks) under natural day length and
water temperatures in May, and self-feeding was recorded from mid-August. Stable self-feeding was observed from early September
in all the tanks. Nearly all food demands were diurnal, and usually crepuscular. Somatic growth was seen in all tanks. These
results demonstrate that the self-feeding system using a photosensitive sensor is applicable for grouped juvenile ayu as small
as 0.6 g and adult fish reared under natural conditions. 相似文献
67.
ABSTRACT: Effects of feeding time on approaching behavior to food odor in goldfish Carassius auratus were examined using the Y-maze flow-through system to test whether the behavior differed according to feeding time and experimental time. Fish were fed at 08.00, 12.00 or 16.00 hours once a day or three times (08.00, 12.00 and 16.00 hours) a day for at least 3 weeks under a natural photoperiod, and at 22 ± 2°C, preference reactions to food odor were tested at 08.00, 10.00, 12.00, 14.00 and 16.00 hours. The fish fed once a day showed significant positive approaching behavior only at the time when they were normally fed. The fish fed three times a day showed no significant positive approaching behavior. These results suggest that goldfish can remember when food is available and/or that there exists a mechanism to inhibit approaching behavior when food is not available. 相似文献
68.
Masafumi KIMURA Toyomi TAKAHASHI Tetsuya TAKATSU Toshikuni NAKATANI Tatsuaki MAEDA 《Fisheries Science》2004,70(4):537-545
ABSTRACT: Effects of hypoxia on the principal prey and growth of flathead flounder Hippoglossoides dubius were studied in Funka Bay. Of the three dominant year-classes that occurred in recent years, the 1995 year-class was small in total length at age ≥ 3 and low in condition factor at age ≥ 2. Ophiuroids (almost Ophiura sarsi ), which were the dominant prey in the 1980s, were of little importance and instead, crustaceans such as mysids, natant decapods and pelagic amphipods, bivalves and fish were important prey items for H. dubius in 2000–2001. In addition, the feeding intensity of H. dubius in 2000–2001 was lower than that in the 1980s. These facts are closely related to a reduction of prey abundance, particularly ophiuroids. It seems that the hypoxia that occurred in the central part of the bay during the summer and autumn of 1995–1997 caused the poor food supply and low growth rate at ages 2–4 of the 1995 year-class. 相似文献
69.
The applicability of a strain gauge for monitoring the diurnal changes of tree stem diameters and the differences in diurnal
shrinkages between a stem and branches were investigated. Estimates of stem diameter changes obtained by a strain gauge were
compared with changes obtained by a differential transformer. Patterns of strain changes obtained by a strain gauge were remarkably
similar to the changes in the tree trunk diameter. This results demonstrated that a strain gauge is an effective technique
for examining the behavior of changes in tree trunk diameter. Diurnal changes of diameter at various parts of the a tree were
also measured with the help of several strain gauges. Diurnal strain changes of a stem and branches showed similar patterns
of shrinkage during the day and swelling at night. However, the precise times at which the branches had their maximum and
minimum strains differed from those observed in the stem, and the maximum rates of the strain changes lagged behind the stems
in a day. These results lead us to believe that there is a time lag in the supply of water, which is required for compensating
the water deficit between the stem and its branches.
A part of this paper was presented at the 105th Annual Meeting of Japanese Forestry Society (1994). 相似文献
70.
Water removal of wet veneer by roller pressing 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Koji?AdachiEmail author Masafumi?Inoue Kozo?Kanayama Roger M.?Rowell Shuichi?Kawai 《Journal of Wood Science》2004,50(6):479-483
High moisture content, flat sawn Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) veneer was compressed using a roller press to mechanically remove water. The amount of water removed depended on the amount of compression applied. At 60% compression, 400kg/m3 of water was removed. The process was not dependent on the size of the wood, the degree of compression, or the feed speed of the specimen. After compression, the remaining water contents were evenly distributed throughout the veneer regardless of the length of the specimen. The specimens did not completely recover to original thickness. High compression ratio and low temperature intensified the reduction of thickness. The bending strength after compression decreased in an inversely proportional manner with the thickness of the specimen and the compression degree.Part of this study was presented at the 50th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kyoto, April 2000 相似文献