Genomic analysis of influenza A virus from captive wild boars in Brazil reveals a human-like H1N2 influenza virus     

Natalha Biondo  Rejane Schaefer  Danielle Gava  Mauricio E. Cantão  Simone Silveira  Marcos A.Z. Mores  Janice R. Ciacci-Zanella  David E.S.N. Barcellos 《Veterinary microbiology》2014

Influenza is a viral disease that affects human and several animal species. In Brazil, H1N1, H3N2 and 2009 pandemic H1N1 A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza A viruses (IAV) circulate in domestic swine herds. Wild boars are also susceptible to IAV infection but in Brazil until this moment there are no reports of IAV infection in wild boars or in captive wild boars populations. Herein the occurrence of IAV in captive wild boars with the presence of lung consolidation lesions during slaughter was investigated. Lung samples were screened by RT-PCR for IAV detection. IAV positive samples were further analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRRT-PCR), virus isolation, genomic sequencing, histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Eleven out of 60 lungs (18.3%) were positive for IAV by RT-PCR and seven out of the eleven were also positive for A(H1N1)pdm09 by qRRT-PCR. Chronic diffuse bronchopneumonia was observed in all samples and IHC analysis was negative for influenza A antigen. Full genes segments of H1N2 IAV were sequenced using Illumina's genome analyzer platform (MiSeq). The genomic analysis revealed that the HA and NA genes clustered with IAVs of the human lineage and the six internal genes were derived from the H1N1pdm09 IAV. This is the first report of a reassortant human-like H1N2 influenza virus infection in captive wild boars in Brazil and indicates the need to monitor IAV evolution in Suidae populations.  相似文献   

The relative influence of catchment and site variables on fish and macroinvertebrate richness in cerrado biome streams     

Diego R. Macedo  Robert M. Hughes  Raphael Ligeiro  Wander R. Ferreira  Miriam A. Castro  Nara T. Junqueira  Deborah R. Oliveira  Kele R. Firmiano  Philip R. Kaufmann  Paulo S. Pompeu  Marcos Callisto 《Landscape Ecology》2014,29(6):1001-1016

Landscape and site-scale data analyses aid the interpretation of biological data and thereby help us develop more cost-effective natural resource management strategies. Our study focused on environmental influences on stream assemblages and we evaluated how three classes of environmental variables (geophysical landscape, land use and cover, and site habitat), influence fish and macroinvertebrate assemblage richness in the Brazilian Cerrado biome. We analyzed our data through use of multiple linear regression (MLR) models using the three classes of predictor variables alone and in combination. The four MLR models explained dissimilar amounts of benthic macroinvertebrate taxa richness (geophysical landscape R ² ≈ 35 %, land use and cover R ² ≈ 28 %, site habitat R ² ≈ 36 %, and combined R ² ≈ 51 %). For fish assemblages, geophysical landscape, land use and cover, site habitat, and combined models explained R ² ≈ 28 %, R ² ≈ 10 %, R ² ≈ 31 %, and R ² ≈ 47 % of the variability in fish species richness, respectively. We conclude that (1) environmental variables differed in the degree to which they explain assemblage richness, (2) the amounts of variance in assemblage richness explained by geophysical landscape and site habitat were similar, (3) the variables explained more variability in macroinvertebrate taxa richness than in fish species richness, and (4) all three classes of environmental variables studied were useful for explaining assemblage richness in Cerrado headwater streams. These results help us to understand the drivers of assemblage patterns at regional scales in tropical areas.  相似文献   

Tolerance of Juvenile Flatfish Paralichthys orbignyanus to Acid Stress   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Wilson  Wasielesky  Jr. Adalto  Bianchini  Marcos H. S.  Santos Luis H.  Poersch 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1997,28(2):202-204

Abstract.— The tolerance of juvenile flatfish Paralichthys orbignyanus to acid stress, was studied in 30-L plastic tanks using ten flatfishes (95 ± 13 g) per treatment. Water pH was monitored every 3 h and re-adjusted to the test pH using either HCl or NaOH. The photoperiod was fixed at 12L:12D, water temperature at 23 ± 0.8 C, and salinity at 30 ppt. Fish survival and ventilatory rate were monitored daily. At pH 4.0, we observed 100% mortality and ventilation rates different from controls. At pH 5.2, there was 100% survival even after 96 h. However, ventilation rate was higher than in controls. At pH equal or higher than 6.0, we observed 100% survival and normal ventilation rates. The estimated pH which would kill 50% of test organisms were: 4.51, 4.50 and 4.40 after 48, 72, and 96 h of experiment, respectively. These results show that juvenile flatfish are relatively tolerant to acid stress.  相似文献   

Tenerife's freshwater macroinvertebrates: Status and threats (Canary Islands,Spain)     

Bjrn Malmqvist  Anders N. Nilsson  Marcos Baez 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》1995,5(1):1-24

• 1 This paper lists 171 freshwater macroinvertebrate taxa from Tenerife (excluding chironomids) based on this study and other published information. Canarian endemism and a Mediterranean origin are dominant features in the data set. At least 14 species are Tenerife endemics. Endemism is especially high in the Diptera, Trichoptera and Coleoptera.
• 2 Extensive investigations were carried out at 57 sites in six different habitat categories and from at least two seasons. The most species-rich habitats were those with permanently running water, a biotope that is rare and diminishing in Tenerife.
• 3 The principal threat to freshwater environments is an increase in human exploitation of the water resources, which, if it is not moderated, will cause extinctions in the near future. Taxa that do not favour man-made canals are especially at risk—a risk that is increased by the small number of populations. These include the Canarian endemics Wormaldia tagananana, Tinodes canariensis (Trichoptera), Dixa tetrica (Diptera) and Baetis pseudorhodani (Ephemeroptera). Thirty-nine species were found at five or fewer sites.
• 4 Some species can survive in intermittent streams, although we found less than half of the taxa present in this habitat, indicating the extent of the diversity reductions that might be expected to follow the drying up of permanent streams.
• 5 Species living in the thin film of water in the madicolous habitats are similarly at risk. Three Canarian endemics were found exclusively in this habitat: Hydrotarsus pilosus, Limnebius punctatus (Coleoptera) and Satchelliella binunciolata (Diptera).
• 6 As a first step, protective measures are proposed for five of the most species-rich streams. If these were to be implemented, they would make a significant contribution towards maintaining biodiversity in the fresh waters of Tenerife.

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Deposition of gold mining tailings in tropical soils: metal pollution and toxicity to earthworms     

Cesar  Ricardo  Arruda  Fernanda  Ramiro  Vanessa  Faria  Roberto  Barcelos  Daniel  Pontes  Fernanda  Passos  Fabiano  Kaiser  Karoline  dos Santos Teixeira  Aline Maria  Serrano  Aline  Abreu  Leticia  Siqueira  Danielle  Teixeira  Matheus  Vezzone  Mariana  Polivanov  Helena  Castilhos  Zuleica 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2022,22(2):547-558

Journal of Soils and Sediments - This study consists of the evaluation of metals acute toxicity levels taking into consideration a hypothetic scenario of dam breaking and land deposition of two...  相似文献   

Purification and characterization of an N-acetylglucosamine-binding lectin from Koelreuteria paniculata seeds and its effect on the larval development of Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) and Anagasta kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)     

Macedo ML  Damico DC  Freire Md  Toyama MH  Marangoni S  Novello JC 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(10):2980-2986

This study describes the purification of an N-acetylglucosamine-binding lectin from Koelreuteria paniculata seeds and its effects on the larval development of Callobruchus maculatus and Anagasta kuehniella. The lectin (KpLec) was characterized and isolated by gel filtration, affinity column, and reverse phase chromatography. SDS-PAGE indicated that this lectin is a dimer composed of subunits of 22 and 44 kDa. The N terminus exhibited 40% similarity with Urtiga dioica agglutinin. KpLec was tested for anti-insect activity against C. maculatus and A. kuehniella. With regard to C. maculatus, an artificial diet containing 0.7 and 1% KpLec produced LD(50) and ED(50) value, respectively. However, for A. kuenhiella, an artificial diet containing 0.65% KpLec produced an LD(50), whereas 0.2% KpLec produced an ED(50). The transformation of genes coding for this lectin could be useful in the development of insect resistance in important agricultural crops.  相似文献   

Biofiltration of volatile organic emissions in reference to flexographic printing processes     

M. Rothenbühler  M. Heitz  M. Beerli  B. Marcos 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1995,83(1-2):37-50

A great deal of research has been directed toward the problem of reduction and control of volatile organic solvents (VOS). The aim of this research was to find a process that is both efficient and low cost. We have been able to use to our advantage the increased interest in biotechnology of the past few years in order to further our research for an environmentally safe aerobic system to degrade VOS emissions from a print shop by using biofiltration technology. Our biofilter is an aerobic system for treating air-borne organic pollutants (in this case: VOS) using the degradation properties of microbial flora. This process consists in diffusing polluted gas across a filter bed into which a microbial cultural has previously been introduced. Peat was the medium of choice for inoculation with microorganisms because of its adsoption/absorption properties, its ability to retain moisture and its buffering capacity. The peat we used was spherical in shape thus it was possible for us to avoid problems due to compacting, and work with a biofilter 2 m in height. We were able to achieve promising results from biofiltration of three types of VOS (n-propanol-1, alcohol 2A and Universal 30 solvent) present in emissions from a Montreal print shop (flexographer). We concluded that it was possible to meet our objective of complying with the clean air standards set out under the Montreal urban Community's by-laws, namely: 5 kg h^?1 of VOS or 90% removal of VOS.  相似文献   

Thermal denaturation of myofibrillar proteins of striated and smooth adductor muscles of scallop (Zygochlamys patagonica). A differential scanning calorimetric study     

Paredi ME  Tomas MC  Crupkin M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(4):830-834

Denaturation of proteins from striated and smooth muscles of scallop (Zygochlamys patagonica) was studied with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) by monitoring maximum temperatures of transition and denaturation enthalpies. DSC thermograms of both striated and smooth whole muscles showed two transitions: Tmax 55.0, 79.2 degrees C; and Tmax 54.7, 78.7 degrees C, respectively. The DSC thermograms of myofibrils and actomyosin were similar to those corresponding to their respective whole muscles. As pH and ionic strength increased, the thermal stability of whole muscles decreased. The pH increase (5.0-8.0) significantly (p < 0.01) decreased the denaturation enthalpies (deltaH total, deltaH peakI, and deltaH peakII) of whole striated muscles. A significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the deltaH total and the deltaH peakI was also observed in DSC thermograms of smooth muscles at pH 8.0. Denaturation enthalpies (deltaH total and deltaH peakI) significantly decreased (p < 0.01) when the ionic strength increased from 0.05 to 0.5 in both types of muscles. Striated muscles were more affected than smooth muscles by changes in the chemical environment.  相似文献   

The effect of aqueous extract of gross and commercial yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) on intra-abdominal and epididymal fat and glucose levels in male Wistar rats     

Silva RD  Bueno AL  Gallon CW  Gomes LF  Kaiser S  Pavei C  Ortega GG  Kucharski LC  Jahn MP 《Fitoterapia》2011,82(6):818-826

This study analyzed the plasma lipid profile, glucose levels and fat deposits in male rats treated with aqueous extract of gross yerba mate, commercial yerba mate or water. Yerba mate treatment did not change body weight gain and lipid profile. The consumption of gross yerba mate significantly increased blood glucose (6.6 mmol/L) as compared to the water (4.8 mmol/L) and commercial group (5.2 mmol/L) and decreased epididymal and intra-abdominal deposits (10.1 mg/g and 23.7 mg/g of weight) as compared to the water (15.4 mg/g and 36.9 mg/g of weight) and commercial group (12.5 mg/g and 28 mg/g of weight). The results suggest that gross yerba mate reduces fat more efficiently but produces a greater increase in blood glucose when compared to commercial yerba mate and water groups.  相似文献   

Dissolved and Particulate Heavy Metals in the Salado River (Santa FE, Argentina)     

Marcos Gallo  Alfredo Trento  Ana Alvarez  Horacio Beldoménico  Darío Campagnoli 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2006,174(1-4):367-384

The objective of this work is to analyze Fe, Mn, Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn distributions in the water column in terms of total, dissolved, and particulate concentrations in the Salado River (Santa Fe – Argentina); their relationship with total, dissolved and suspended solids; and the impact of two pollution sources on the watercourse: a stream that collects domestic and industrial wastewater discharges of the region and a direct discharge that releases urban and industrial effluents to the river. Water samples obtained from 5 surveys were analyzed. The Salado River transported a load of heavy metals that ranged from 700 g/s to 2200 g/s of Fe, 20 g/s to 60 g/s of Mn and 1 g/s to 3 g/s of Cr. Results show that most metals were found in particulate form, that the metal input from the direct discharge may be significant at low water levels, whereas a lesser impact was produced by the stream, and that both pollution sources were negligible at high water levels.  相似文献