Changes in lipid class content and composition of Isochrysis sp. (T-Iso) grown in batch culture     

Tim D. Nalder  Matthew R. Miller  Michael A. Packer 《Aquaculture International》2015,23(5):1293-1312

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Turbidity‐induced changes in emergent effects of multiple predators with different foraging strategies     

Matthew M. VanLandeghem  David H. Wahl 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2011,20(2):279-286

Abstract – In natural systems, prey frequently interact with multiple predators and the outcome often cannot be predicted by summing the effects of individual predator species. Multiple predator interactions can create emergent effects for prey, but how those change across environmental gradients is poorly understood. Turbidity is an environmental factor in aquatic systems that may influence multiple predator effects on prey. Interactions between a cruising predator (largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides) and an ambush predator (muskellunge Esox masquinongy) and their combination foraging on a shared prey (bluegill Lepomis macrochirus) were examined across a turbidity gradient. Turbidity modified multiple predator effects on prey. In clear water, combined predators consumed in total more prey than expected from individual predator treatments, suggesting risk enhancement for prey. In moderately turbid water, the predators consumed fewer prey together than expected, suggesting a risk reduction for prey. At high turbidity, there were no apparent emergent effects; however, the cruising predator consumed more prey than the ambush predator, suggesting an advantage for this predator. Understanding multiple predator traits across a gradient of turbidity increases our understanding of how complex natural systems function.  相似文献   

The effects of maternal nutrition during the first 50 d of gestation on the location and abundance of hexose and cationic amino acid transporters in beef heifer uteroplacental tissues     

Matthew S Crouse  Kyle J McLean  Josephine Dwamena  Tammi L Neville  Ana Clara B Menezes  Alison K Ward  Lawrence P Reynolds  Carl R Dahlen  Bryan W Neville  Pawel P Borowicz  Joel S Caton 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(1)

We hypothesized that maternal nutrition during the first 50 d of gestation would influence the abundance of hexose transporters, SLC2A1, SLC2A3, and SLC2A5, and cationic amino acid transporters, SLC7A1 and SLC7A2, in heifer uteroplacental tissues. Angus-cross heifers (n = 43) were estrus synchronized, bred via artificial insemination, and assigned at breeding to 1 of 2 dietary intake groups (CON = 100% of requirements to achieve 0.45 kg/d of BW gain or RES = 60% of CON intake) and ovariohysterectomized on day 16, 34, or 50 of gestation (n = 6 to 9/d) in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Uterine cross-sections were collected from the horn ipsilateral to the corpus luteum, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, sectioned at 5 µm, and stained via immunofluorescence for transporters. For each image, areas of fetal membrane (FM; chorioallantois), luminal epithelium (ENDO), superficial glands (SG), deep glands (DG), and myometrium (MYO) were analyzed separately for relative intensity of fluorescence as an indicator of transporter abundance. Analysis of FM was only conducted for days 34 and 50. No transporters in target areas were influenced by a day × treatment interaction (P ≥ 0.06). In ENDO, all transporters were differentially abundant from days 16 to 50 of gestation (P ≤ 0.04), and SLC7A2 was greater (P = 0.05) for RES vs. CON. In SG, SLC7A1 and SLC7A2 were greater (P ≤ 0.04) at day 34 vs. day 16. In DG, SLC2A3 and SLC7A1 were greater (P ≤ 0.05) for CON vs. RES heifers; furthermore, SLC7A1 was greater (P < 0.01) at day 50 vs. days 16 and 34 of gestation. In MYO, SLC7A1 was greater (P < 0.01) for CON vs. RES and was greater (P = 0.02) at days 34 and 50 vs. day 16. There were no differences in FM (P ≥ 0.06). Analysis of all uterine tissues at day 16 determined that SLC2A1, SLC2A3, and SLC7A2 were all differentially abundant across uterine tissue type (P < 0.01), and SLC7A1 was greater (P = 0.02) for CON vs. RES. Analysis of all uteroplacental tissues at days 34 and 50 demonstrated that all transporters differed (P < 0.01) across uteroplacental tissues, and SLC7A1 was greater (P < 0.01) for CON vs. RES. These data are interpreted to imply that transporters are differentially affected by day of gestation, and that hexose and cationic amino acid transporters are differentially abundant across utero-placental tissue types, and that SLC7A1 is responsive to maternal nutritional treatment.  相似文献   

Development and characterization of a technique for percutaneous radiologic gastrojejunostomy tube placement in the dog          下载免费PDF全文

Rebekah M. Mack DVM  DACVIM  Benjamin Staiger DVM  Daniel K. Langlois DVM  DACVIM  Stephen J. Mehler DVM  DACVS  Nathaniel Lam DVM  DACVS  Trevor Moore DVM  DACVIM  Andrew Brown DVM  DACVECC  DECVECC  Matthew W. Beal DVM  DACVECC 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2016,26(5):646-653

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In Vitro Evaluation of the Aberdeen Knot for Continuous Suture Patterns with Large Gauge Suture          下载免费PDF全文

Alex M. Gillen  Amelia S. Munsterman  Ramsis Farag  Matthew O. D. Coleridge  R. Reid Hanson 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2016,45(7):955-961

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In vitro effects of reactive oxygen metabolites, with and without flunixin meglumine, on equine colonic mucosa     

Inoue OJ  Freeman DE  Wallig MA  Clarkson RB 《American journal of veterinary research》2007,68(3):305-312

OBJECTIVE: To determine effects of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs), with and without flunixin meglumine, on equine right ventral colon (RVC) in vitro. ANIMALS: 18 healthy horses and ponies. PROCEDURES: In 3 groups of 6 animals each, short-circuit current and conductance were measured in RVC mucosa in Ussing chambers. The 3 groups received physiologic saline (0.9% NaCl) solution, IV, 10 minutes before euthanasia and tissue incubation in Krebs-Ringer-bicarbonate (KRB) solution; flunixin meglumine (1.1 mg/kg, IV) 10 minutes before euthanasia and tissue incubation in KRB solution; or physiologic saline solution, IV, 10 minutes before euthanasia and incubation in KRB solution with 2.7 x 10(5)M flunixin meglumine. Incubation conditions included control (no addition) and ROM systems, including addition of 1 mM xanthine and 80 mU of xanthine oxidase (to produce the superoxide radical), 1 mM H(2)O(2), and 1 mM H(2)O(2) and 0.5 mM ferrous sulfate (to produce the hydroxyl radical). RESULTS: All ROMs that were added or generated significantly increased the short-circuit current except in tissues coincubated with flunixin meglumine, and they induced mild epithelial vacuolation and apoptosis, but did not disrupt the epithelium nor change conductance, lactate dehydrogenase release, or [(3)H]mannitol flux. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Responses to ROMs could be attributed to increased chloride secretion and inhibited neutral NaCl absorption in equine RVC, possibly by stimulating prostaglandin production. The ROMs examined under conditions of this study could play a role in prostaglandin-mediated colonic secretion in horses with enterocolitis without causing direct mucosal injury.  相似文献   

Diagnostic use of cytologic examination of bone marrow from dogs with thrombocytopenia: 58 cases (1994-2004)     

Miller MD  Lunn KF 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2007,231(10):1540-1544

OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnostic use of cytologic examination of bone marrow from dogs with thrombocytopenia. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 58 dogs with thrombocytopenia. PROCEDURES: Medical records were searched and reviewed for dogs with thrombocytopenia. Dogs that had thrombocytopenia and cytologic examination of bone marrow were included in the study. Dogs with other hematologic abnormalities, with a previous diagnosis of hematopoietic neoplasia, or that had previous treatment with cytotoxic drugs were excluded. Bone marrow cytologic findings were reviewed. Results were compared between dogs with severe thrombocytopenia (< 20,000 platelets/microL) and dogs with mild to moderate thrombocytopenia (20,000 to 200,000 platelets/microL). RESULTS: 58 dogs met the inclusion criteria. Of 55 dogs with diagnostic bone marrow aspirates, 36 had severe thrombocytopenia. Cytologic evaluation of bone marrow did not reveal substantial nonmegakaryocytic bone marrow abnormalities or result in a definitive diagnosis in any of these dogs. Nineteen dogs with mild to moderate thrombocytopenia had diagnostic bone marrow aspirates. Bone marrow cytologic findings revealed nonmegakaryocytic abnormalities in 4 of these dogs. Significantly fewer dogs with severe thrombocytopenia had abnormalities identified on cytologic examination of bone marrow, compared with dogs with mild to moderate thrombocytopenia. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Cytologic examination of bone marrow is unlikely to provide specific diagnostic or prognostic information in dogs with severe thrombocytopenia.  相似文献   

Tibial plateau symmetry and the effect of osteophytosis on tibial plateau angle measurements     

Ritter MJ  Perry RL  Olivier NB  Kim SY  Dejardin LM 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2007,43(2):93-98

A novel technique was developed to estimate the caudal medial tibial plateau landmark in the face of osteophytosis to improve accuracy in tibial plateau angle measurements. Using this technique, tibial plateau angles were evaluated in 31 normal dogs before and 8 months after right cranial cruciate ligament transection. There was no significant difference in mean tibial plateau angle before or after induction of osteophytosis. Additionally, it was determined that 90% of dogs had a difference of =2 degrees between right and left tibial plateau angles, which was considered symmetrical.  相似文献   

Effects of copper and zinc oxide nanoparticles on German cockroach development,indoxacarb resistance,and bacterial load     

Chen Zha  Matthew Turner  Ritesh Ray  Dangsheng Liang  Jose E. Pietri 《Pest management science》2023,79(8):2944-2950

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Comparison between the penetration characteristics of methyl bromide and ethanedinitrile through the bark of pine (Pinus radiata D.Don) logs     

Matthew K.D. Hall  Anthony R. Adlam 《Pest management science》2023,79(4):1442-1451

BACKGROUND

Ethanedinitrile (EDN) is a fumigant being commercialized worldwide as an alternative phytosanitary treatment to methyl bromide (MB) for forest products. The penetration characteristics of MB and EDN were measured through the bark of wooden blocks (100 × 100 × 50 mm) cut from the upper (average bark thickness 5 ± 2 mm) and lower (average bark thickness 25 ± 5 mm) trunk of recently felled pine (Pinus radiata D.Don) trees. Doses of 48 g m⁻³ MB and 50 g m⁻³ EDN were applied to chambers at 10 and 20°C for 10 h.

RESULTS

Penetration of MB was influenced by the interaction between fumigation time and temperature, with concentrations increasing at a higher rate at 20°C compared with at 10°C. After 10 h, an average concentration of 8.05 ± 0.89 g m⁻³ had penetrated the bark of log sections at 20°C, whereas 5.20 ± 0.89 g m⁻³ was measured at 10°C. By contrast, the factors examined in this study did not significantly impact the penetration of EDN. Concentration × time (CT) values for MB under the bark were 35.20 ± 2.30 g h m⁻³ at 10°C and 55.85 ± 9.58 g h m⁻³ at 20°C; whereas for EDN, CT values were 19.50 ± 6.80 g h m⁻³ at 10°C and 19.08 ± 4.10 g h m⁻³ at 20°C.

CONCLUSION

MB can achieve a higher concentration under the bark of log sections during simulated fumigations, but all of the factors examined affected the ability of MB to penetrate the bark of wooden blocks. By comparison, the penetration of EDN through the bark is more consistent than MB under laboratory conditions. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.  相似文献