Ascorbic acid biosynthesis in hens producing strong and weak eggshells     

Maurice DV  Lightsey SF  Toler JE 《British poultry science》2004,45(3):404-408

1. An experiment was conducted with two strains of layers to ascertain whether the reduction in eggshell strength occurring at the end of the production cycle is the result of reduced ascorbic acid biosynthesis. 2. Hens producing strong and weak eggshells were identified within each strain and egg production, egg weight, per cent shell, shell surface density, plasma, adrenal and hepatic ascorbic acid and renal L-gulonolactone oxidase activity were measured. 3. The strains differed in ascorbic acid synthesis, as measured by L-gulonolactone oxidase activity, and tissue ascorbic acid concentration. 4. Comparison of results from birds producing eggs of similar weight but markedly different in shell strength detected neither a shell strength group x strain interaction nor an effect of shell strength group on plasma and hepatic ascorbic acid and activity of L-gulonolactone oxidase. 5. The results did not support the hypothesis that tissue ascorbate and ascorbic acid biosynthesis are reduced in old hens producing weak eggshells.  相似文献   

In vivo studies on cytokine involvement during acute viral respiratory disease of swine: troublesome but rewarding     

Van Reeth K  Van Gucht S  Pensaert M 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2002,87(3-4):161-168

The early cytokines interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1, -6 and -8 (IL-1, -6, -8) are produced during the most early stage of an infection. The activities of these cytokines have been studied extensively in vitro and in rodents, but in vivo studies on the role of these cytokines in infectious diseases of food animals are few. This review concentrates on in vivo studies of cytokine involvement in infectious respiratory diseases of swine, with an emphasis on viral infections. First evidence for the role of early cytokines in pneumonia in swine came from experimental infections with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. The role of TNF-alpha and IL-1 in the symptoms and pathology of porcine pleuropneumonia has recently been proven by use of an adenovirus vector expressing the anti-inflammatory IL-10. In the authors' laboratory, studies were undertaken to investigate the relationship between viral respiratory disease and bioactive lung lavage levels of IFN-alpha, TNF-alpha, IL-1 and IL-6. Out of three respiratory viruses-porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and swine influenza virus (SIV)-only SIV induced acute respiratory disease and severe lung damage by itself. Disease and lung pathology were tightly associated with the simultaneous production of IFN-alpha, TNF-alpha, IL-1 and IL-6. In challenge studies of SIV-vaccinated pigs, levels of IFN-alpha, TNF-alpha and IL-6, but not IL-1 were correlated with clinical and virological protection. Multifactorial respiratory disease was reproduced by combined inoculations with PRCV or PRRSV followed by LPS from Escherichia coli. In comparison with the respective single inoculations, which were subclinical, there was a true potentiation of disease and production of TNF-alpha, IL-1 and IL-6. TNF-alpha and IL-6 were best correlated with disease. In further studies, we will use more specific strategies to dissect the role of cytokines during viral infections.  相似文献   

Descriptive epidemiology of calfhood morbidity and mortality in New York holstein herds     

Charles R. Curtis  Hollis N. Erb  Maurice E. White 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1988,5(4):293-307

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COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY OF RAMBOUILLET SHEEP AFFECTED WITH NEURONAL CEROID LIPOFUSCINOSIS     

Philip R.  Woods  DVM  PHD  Michael A.  Walker  DVM  Vicki A.  Weir  ARRT  Ralph W.  Storts  DVM  PHD  Carl  Menzies  PHD  Maurice  Shelton  PHD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1993,34(4):259-262

Computed tomography (CT) was performed on 3 normal Rambouillet sheep and 6 Rambouillet sheep affected with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Characteristic lesions seen in the brain of affected sheep included dramatically enlarged lateral ventricles and reduced cerebral thickness. The lesions were seen in sheep as young as 4 months of age. Antemortem CT observations correlated well with postmortem findings in this model of Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis.  相似文献   

Rickettsial diseases of North Cameroon; epidemiological study     

Y Maurice  R Fernagut  R Gerome 《Revue d'élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux》1968,21(3):341-349

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Mucosal disease in Central Africa: epizootiological and clinical observations     

A Provost  K B?gel  C Borredon  Y Maurice 《Revue d'élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux》1967,20(1):27-49

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Stability of dietary ascorbic acid and the effect of supplementation on reproductive performance of broiler breeder chickens     

Creel LH  Maurice DV  Lightsey SF  Grimes LW 《British poultry science》2001,42(1):96-101

1. The purpose of the study was to determine the stability of dietary ascorbic acid and the reproductive responses of broiler breeder chickens to supplemental 75 mg ascorbic acid/kg diet. 2. Six breeder flocks of 13,000 birds each were studied. Egg production, eggshell porosity, fertility, hatchability and plasma ascorbic acid were measured. 3. Storage of the diets under dry heat resulted in a linear decrease in ascorbic acid content and the rate of decline was 5-fold higher in the supplemented diet. 4. Differences were not detected between treatments in egg production, egg weight, eggshell porosity, fertility, hatchability or plasma ascorbic acid. 5. The results did not provide evidence of a beneficial reproductive response to the inclusion of ascorbic acid in commercial broiler breeder diets.  相似文献   

Irrigation scheduling for potatoes in Michigan     

Maurice L. Vitosh 《American Journal of Potato Research》1984,61(4):205-213

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Development of two species-specific primer sets to detect the cereal cyst nematodes Heterodera avenae and Heterodera filipjevi   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Fateh Toumi  Lieven Waeyenberge  Nicole Viaene  Amer Dababat  Julie M. Nicol  Francis Ogbonnaya  Maurice Moens 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2013,136(3):613-624

Twelve Heterodera species are of major economic significance in wheat and barley. Of these, H. avenae, H. filipjevi and H. latipons are among the most important ones, and sometimes coexist. The identification of Heterodera species using morphological characteristics is time consuming, requires specialized skill and can be imprecise, especially when they occur mixed in field populations. Molecular techniques can provide a more accurate way for nematode identification. This study reports the results of experiments targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene to develop species-specific primers that could be used for the identification of H. avenae and H. filipjevi. The COI gene of 9 Heterodera spp. and Punctodera punctata was partially sequenced and the resultant sequences were aligned to find unique sites suitable for the design of primers. The alignment showed variability between H. avenae, H. filipjevi and other Heterodera species. Two sets of species-specific primers were identified for the identification of both species and the conditions for their use in PCR were optimised. The specificity of the designed primers was checked by comparison with one population of P. punctata and populations of 14 other Heterodera species, nine populations of H. avenae and 10 populations of H. filipjevi originating from different countries. To test the sensitivity, the PCR was run with DNA extracted from five second-stage juveniles (J2) of H. avenae or five J2 of H. filipjevi mixed with DNA extracted from varying numbers of J2 of H. latipons. It was possible to detect as few as five J2 of H. avenae or H. filipjevi among 100 J2 of H. latipons. The two primers sets allow the detection of H. avenae and H. filipjevi where they occur in mixed populations with other Heterodera spp.  相似文献   

Assessment of the Probiotic Potential of a Dairy Product Fermented by Propionibacterium freudenreichii in Piglets     

FJ Cousin  B Foligné  SM Deutsch  S Massart  S Parayre  YL Loir  G Boudry  G Jan 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(32):7917-7927

Dairy propionibacteria, including Propionibacterium freudenreichii , display promising probiotic properties, including immunomodulation. These properties are highly strain-dependent and rarely studied in a fermented dairy product. We screened 10 strains, grown in a newly developed fermented milk ultrafiltrate, for immunomodulatory properties in vitro. The most anti-inflammatory strain, P. freudenreichii BIA129, was further tested on piglets. P. freudenreichii -fermented product improved food intake and growth of piglets. Colonic mucosa explants of treated pigs secreted less interleukin 8 (-25%, P < 0.05) and tumor necrosis factor α (-20%, P < 0.05), either in basal conditions or after a lipopolysaccharide challenge. By contrast, the gut structure, barrier function (measured ex vivo in Ussing chambers), microbial diversity (assessed by 16S rRNA pyrosequencing), and colonic short-chain fatty acid content were unchanged, assuming maintenance of normal intestinal physiology. In conclusion, this work confirms in vivo probiotic properties of dairy propionibacteria-fermented products, which are promising for the prevention or healing of inflammatory bowel diseases.  相似文献