Assessment of the Impact Produced by the Traffic Source on VOC Level in the Urban Area of Canosa di Puglia (Italy)     

Paolo Bruno  Maurizio Caselli  Gianluigi de Gennaro  Lucia Scolletta  Livia Trizio  Maria Tutino 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2008,193(1-4):37-50

Volatile organic compounds (VOC) have been monitored in 12 sites of Canosa di Puglia, a city located in the Southern of Italy, in order to identify the main VOC source—vehicular traffic or industrial—and to evaluate the critical situations in the city. Monitoring, carried out by using Radiello® diffusive samplers, has been planned taking into account the traffic density and the architecture of the city. From the study of the data it has been emerged that, among all considered VOC, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) are the pollutants at higher concentration. However no critical situation has appared from the present monitoring. Maps of daily benzene and toluene concentrations have shown that the most significant pollution phenomena happens in the center of the urban area which is in a valley with narrow roads and high buildings that do not allow an efficient dispersion of pollutants. The study of the diagnostic ratios between the toluene and benzene concentrations in the several areas (average T/B?=?3.4) and the high Pearson’s coefficient among the pollutants, and in particular between benzene and toluene concentrations (r?=?0.9505), have suggested that in urban area these pollutants are emitted from the same source: the vehicular traffic.  相似文献   

Phyllostoxin and phyllostin, bioactive metabolites produced by Phyllosticta cirsii, a potential mycoherbicide for Cirsium arvense biocontrol     

Evidente A  Cimmino A  Andolfi A  Vurro M  Zonno MC  Motta A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(3):884-888

Phyllosticta cirsii, a fungal pathogen isolated from diseased Cirsium arvense leaves and evaluated as a biocontrol agent of this noxious perennial weed, produces different phytotoxic metabolites with potential herbicidal activity when grown in liquid cultures. Phyllostictines A-D, four novel oxazatricycloalkenones, were recently isolated from this pathogen and chemically and biologically characterized. Further purification of the same organic extract provided two other metabolites, named phyllostoxin (1) and phyllostin (2), which were characterized by spectroscopic technique (essentially NMR and MS). Phyllostoxin and phyllostin proved to be a new pentasubstituted bicyclo-octatrienyl acetic acid ester and a new pentasubstituted hexahydrobenzodioxine carboxylic acid methyl ester, respectively. When tested on punctured C. arvense leaves, phyllostoxin proved to be highly phytotoxic, causing rapid and large necrosis, whereas phyllostin had no phytotoxicity in this bioassay. This is not surprising, considering the noteworthy structural differences between the two compounds, suggesting the presence of active functional groups in phyllostoxin not present in the other metabolite. These results further support the focused approach of finding novel metabolites with herbicidal properties by looking at the culture extracts of weed fungal pathogens.  相似文献   

Influence of the decrease in oxygen during malaxation of olive paste on the composition of volatiles and phenolic compounds in virgin olive oil     

Servili M  Taticchi A  Esposto S  Urbani S  Selvaggini R  Montedoro G 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(21):10048-10055

The sensory and health properties of virgin olive oil (VOO) are highly related to its volatile and phenolic composition. Oxygen control in the pastes during malaxation may be a new technological parameter to regulate enzymatic activities, such as polyphenoloxidase, peroxidase, and lipoxygenase, which affect the phenolic and volatile composition of VOO. In this work, we monitored CO2 and O2 concentrations during industrial-scale olive paste malaxation with various initial O2 concentrations within the malaxer headspace. Results show that the O2 concentration in the malaxer headspace did not affect CO2 production during processing, whereas a strong influence was observed on the changes of the phenolic composition of olive pastes and VOOs, with high correlation coefficient for the total phenols (R = 0.94), especially for oleuropein and demethyloleuropein derivatives (R = 0.81). In contrast, aroma production during malaxation was minimally affected by the O2 concentration in the malaxer headspace.  相似文献   

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MSn) Analysis and Bioactivity Useful for Prevention of “Diabesity” of Allium commutatum Guss     

Loizzo  Monica R.  Tundis  Rosa  Sut  Stefania  Dall’Acqua  Stefano  Ilardi  Vincenzo  Leporini  Mariarosaria  Falco  Tiziana  Sicari  Vincenzo  Bruno  Maurizio 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2020,75(1):124-130

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - This study aimed at evaluating and comparing the chemical profile obtained by HPLC-ESI-MSn analysis, the inhibitory activity of enzymes linked to obesity...  相似文献   

Localization and genotyping of canine papillomavirus in canine inverted papillomas     

Margherita Orlandi  Maurizio Mazzei  Marta Vascellari  Erica Melchiotti  Claudia Zanardello  Ranieri Verin  Francesco Albanese  Fabiano Necci  Luca Pazzini  Giulia Lazzarini  Francesca Abramo 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2021,33(6):1069

Numerous canine papillomaviruses (CPVs) have been identified (CPV1–23). CPV1, 2, and 6 have been associated with inverted papillomas (IPs). We retrieved 19 IPs from 3 histopathology archives, and evaluated and scored koilocytes, inclusion bodies, giant keratohyalin granules, cytoplasmic pallor, ballooning degeneration, and parakeratosis. IHC targeting major capsid proteins of PV was performed, and CPV genotyping was achieved by PCR testing. Tissue localization of CPV DNA and RNA was studied by chromogenic and RNAscope in situ hybridization (DNA-CISH, RNA-ISH, respectively). IPs were localized to the limbs (50%), trunk (30%), and head (20%), mainly as single nodules (16 of 19). In 15 of 19 cases, immunopositivity was detected within the nuclei in corneal and subcorneal epidermal layers. PCR revealed CPV1 in 11 IPs and CPV2 DNA in 3 IPs. Overall, 14 of 17 cases were positive by both DNA-CISH and RNA-ISH, in accord with PCR results. A histologic score >5 was always obtained in cases in which the viral etiology was demonstrated by IHC, DNA-CISH, and RNA-ISH. IHC and molecular approaches were useful to ascertain the viral etiology of IPs. Although IHC is the first choice for diagnostic purposes, ISH testing allows identification of PV type and the infection phase. RNA-ISH seems a promising tool to deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis of different PV types in animal species.  相似文献   

Reproductive indicators during the male sexual maturation of Steindachneridion melanodermatum (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) in captivity     

Lucelia Tessaro  Talita Sarah Mazzoni  Robie Allan Bombardelli  Arno Juliano Butze  Irani Quagio‐Grassiotto 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(12):3507-3518

The reproductive dynamics of a species is important information to have for the maintenance and reproduction of animals in captivity, for either commercial or conservation purposes. Steindachneridion melanodermatum is an endemic fish that has been reproduced by breeding protocols, but knowledge related to the maturation and reproductive cycle of this species is scarce. The purpose of this research was to observe different parameters related to the reproductive biology of males born in captivity over a 24‐month period to determine the first maturation and reproductive activity of S. melanodermatum males maintained in captivity. Body development changes (weight and length) were observed, and gonadosomatic index (GSI) and plasma sex steroids (testosterone and 17β‐estradiol) were measured monthly. Phases of the reproductive cycle were detected based on macroscopic changes and histological observations of the testes. The obtained data were correlated, demonstrating that the GSI values accompanied testis development and sex steroid peaks. Additionally, immunohistochemistry was performed for the detection of KI‐67, 3β‐HSD and Vasa protein. Our data analysis indicated that the first maturity in males bred in captivity occurred after one year (at 22‐month‐old fish), with a reproductive period occurring from September to November, which is the spring season in the southern hemisphere.  相似文献   

A bacterium against the tiger: preliminary evidence of fertility reduction after release of Aedes albopictus males with manipulated Wolbachia infection in an Italian urban area     

Beniamino Caputo  Riccardo Moretti  Mattia Manica  Paola Serini  Elena Lampazzi  Marco Bonanni  Giulia Fabbri  Verena Pichler  Alessandra della Torre  Maurizio Calvitti 《Pest management science》2020,76(4):1324-1332

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Agar‐based pellets as feed for sea urchins (Paracentrotus lividus): rheological behaviour,digestive enzymes and gonad growth     

A Fabbrocini  M G Volpe  M Di Stasio  R D'Adamo  D Maurizio  E Coccia  M Paolucci 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(3):321-331

The algal polysaccharide agar has long been used as a food binder due to its structure, rheological behaviour, stability and interactions – properties that help to generate firm, round, disk‐shaped pellets that may be used in recirculating sea urchin‐rearing systems. Three algae‐based diets (Ulva lactuca, Gracilaria gracilis, Cystoseira sp.) containing 3% and 6% agar were tested on the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus in order to examine the effect of varying percentages of agar on pellet stability in water and sea urchin gonad growth. The kinetics of water absorption and solute leaching of pellets were measured by immersing quadruplicate samples of the pellets in water for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 days. Our results show that the pellets had good water stability, were readily consumed by sea urchins and the presence of agar did not hamper sea urchin gonad growth. Animals fed Ulva‐containing pellets reached a more advanced gametogenic stage with respect to animals fed Cystoseira‐ and Gracilaria‐containing pellets. Moreover, the presence of agarase activity in the digestive system indicated that agar may be an energy source. Pellets are relatively low cost and easy to prepare and store. They may represent a useful resource for rearing sea urchins under intensive conditions.  相似文献   

Agronomic and nutritional quality,and fresh and processing attitude,of globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus) cultivars and an Italian landrace     

Roberto Cappelletti  Francesca Balducci  Jacopo Diamanti  Luca Mazzoni  Franco Capocasa  Maurizio Battino 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2016,91(6):634-644

Globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus) plants of a typical landrace (‘Montelupone A’) from the Marche region (Italy) and three commercial cultivars (‘Apollo’, ‘Romanesco C3’, ‘Exploter’) were compared as a detailed analysis of their productive, morphological, qualitative, and nutritional parameters was carried out to characterise their particularities and suitability for the fresh market or the processing industry. Cultivar ‘Apollo’ stands out for its qualitative and agronomic aspects, with ‘Romanesco C3’ showing high flower head yield, as the most important Romanesco cultivar that is widely cultivated in central Italy. ‘Exploter’ shows high productivity and qualitative characteristics. The lower phenol content of ‘Exploter’ indicates its suitability for processing as a fresh cut preparation. The ‘Montelupone A’ landrace is characterised by beneficial nutritional values that indicate its use for fresh consumption and as a source of antioxidant compounds. The ‘Apollo’ and ‘Romanesco C3’ commercial cultivars show higher processing yield due to flower head characteristics. In particular, ‘Apollo’ has an interesting profile according to its technological qualitative and nutritional value. ‘Exploter’ differs in its high yield and suitability for the fresh market. Analysis of the ‘Montelupone A’ landrace confirms its interesting qualitative and nutritional values.  相似文献   

Preventing species invasion: A role for integrative taxonomy?          下载免费PDF全文

Maria V. MAZZAMUTO  Andrea GALIMBERTI  Giacomo CREMONESI  Benoît PISANU  Jean‐Louis CHAPUIS  Jan STUYCK  Giovanni AMORI  Haijun SU  Gaetano ALOISE  Damiano G. PREATONI  Lucas A. WAUTERS  Maurizio CASIRAGHI  Adriano MARTINOLI 《Integrative zoology》2016,11(3):214-228

Integrative taxonomy, a multi‐disciplinary approach adding modern techniques to traditional morphology‐based methods (e.g. molecular and morphological criteria), can play an important role in bioinvasion research to identify introduced taxa, discover pathways of introduction and inform authorities to control and prevent future introductions. The present study is the first on introduced populations of Callosciurus, Asiatic tree squirrels, known as potentially invasive species in Europe (Italy, Belgium and France). We combined molecular (mitochondrial DNA markers: CoxI, D‐loop) and morphometric analysis on skulls, comparing them to the widest morphological and molecular datasets ever assembled for Callosciurus. Squirrels collected in Italy and Belgium share the same haplotypes and skull characteristics, but are conspicuously different from the French population in Antibes. Genetic data revealed close similarity between French squirrels and Pallas's squirrels, Callosciurus erythraeus, from Taiwan, China. Italian and Belgian squirrels formed an independent taxonomic lineage in genetic analyses, whose taxonomic rank needs further investigation. The morphological and morphometric characteristics of these 2 populations are, however, similar to known specimens assigned to Callosciurus erythraeus. These results may indicate a common origin for the populations found in Belgium and Italy. In contrast, French specimens suggest an independent introduction event of squirrels originating from Asia.  相似文献