Neoplasia of captive yellow sea horses (Hippocampus kuda) and weedy sea dragons (Phyllopteryx taeniolatus)     

LePage V  Dutton CJ  Kummrow M  McLelland DJ  Young K  Lumsden JS 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2012,43(1):50-58

Syngnathidae is the family of fish that includes sea horses, pipefish, and sea dragons. To date, only a single publication has described neoplasia in syngnathids, a fibrosarcoma of the brood pouch in an aquarium-reared lined sea horse (Hippocampus erectus). From 1998 until 2010, the Toronto Zoo submitted 172 syngnathids for postmortem; species included the spotted or yellow sea horse (Hippocampus kuda), the pot-bellied sea horse (Hippocampus abdominalis) and the weedy sea dragon (Phyllopteryx taeniolatus). Seven neoplasms and two neoplastic-like lesions were identified from these cases. Under light microscopy, the neoplasms had morphological characteristics of a cardiac rhabdomyosarcoma, renal adenocarcinoma, renal adenoma, renal round cell tumors, which were likely lymphomas, exocrine pancreatic carcinoma, and intestinal carcinoma. Of these neoplasms, four had clear evidence of metastasis: the pancreatic and intestinal carcinomas and both round cell tumors. As syngnathids are highly fastidious animals, they can be difficult to maintain in captivity. In order to improve their husbandry, preventative and palliative care, as well as treatment, it is important to investigate and document the types of diseases affecting syngnathids.  相似文献   

CH₄ emission from different stages of thermokarst formation in Central Yakutia, East Siberia     

Alexey R. DESYATKIN  Fumiaki TAKAKAI  Pavel P. FEDOROV  Maya C. NIKOLAEVA  Roman V. DESYATKIN  Ryusuke HATANO 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2009,55(4):558-570

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Structural elucidation of condensed tannin from the bark waste of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acacia crassicarpa</Emphasis> plantation wood in Indonesia     

Maya Ismayati  Akiko Nakagawa-izumi  Hiroshi Ohi 《Journal of Wood Science》2017,63(4):350-359

Recently, Acacia crassicarpa has been planted in peatland areas with acidic soil in Indonesia for use in pulp and paper materials. Its bark is not suitable to produce bleached pulp; hence, it is discarded as waste. Meanwhile, in South Africa and other countries, Acacia mearnsii has been planted for a long time, and its bark extracts have been used as a leather tanning agent. First, the structure of condensed tannin from the bark waste of A. crassicarpa is characterized. The yield of the extracts obtained from A. crassicarpa using a 70% acetone aqueous solution (7% based on bark weight) is less than that obtained from A. mearnsii (34%). A novel flavan dimer from the condensed tannin, specific to A. crassicarpa, is isolated from the bark extracts. To the best of our knowledge, this dimer is a new compound as evidenced from pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses; it corresponds to a gallocatechin–catechin flavan dimer with the absence of one oxygen atom at the 3C of the pyran ring. In addition, 2,4,6-trimethoxybenzoic acid methyl ester is identified as a novel pyrolysis product obtained from the cleavage of the pyran ring.  相似文献   

Propofol–medetomidine–ketamine total intravenous anaesthesia in thiafentanil–medetomidine-immobilized impala (Aepyceros melampus)     

Roxanne K. Buck  Leith R.C. Meyer  George F. Stegmann  Sabine B.R. Kästner  Maya Kummrow  Christina Gerlach  Geoffrey T. Fosgate  Gareth E. Zeiler 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(1):138-143

Objective

To characterize a propofol–medetomidine-ketamine total intravenous anaesthetic in impala (Aepyceros melampus).

Study design

Prospective clinical study.

Animals

Ten adult female impala.

Materials and methods

Impala were immobilized at 1253 m above sea level with 2.0 mg thiafentanil and 2.2 mg medetomidine via projectile darts. Propofol was given to effect (0.5 mg kg^?1 boluses) to allow endotracheal intubation, following which oxygen was supplemented at 2 L minute^?1. Anaesthesia was maintained with a constant-rate infusion of medetomidine and ketamine at 5 μg kg^?1 hour^?1 and 1.5 mg kg^?1 hour^?1, respectively, and propofol to effect (initially 0.2 mg kg^?1 minute^?1) for 120 minutes. The propofol infusion was titrated according to reaction to nociceptive stimuli every 15 minutes. Cardiopulmonary parameters were monitored continuously and arterial blood gas samples were analysed intermittently. After 120 minutes' maintenance, the thiafentanil and medetomidine were antagonized using naltrexone (10:1 thiafentanil) and atipamezole (5:1 medetomidine), respectively.

Results

All impala were successfully immobilized. The median dose [interquartile range (IQR)] of propofol required for intubation was 2.7 (1.9–3.3) mg kg^?1. The propofol–medetomidine–ketamine combination abolished voluntary movement and ensured anaesthesia for the 120 minute period. Propofol titration showed a generally downward trend. Median (IQR) heart rate [57 (53–61) beats minute^?1], respiratory rate [10 (9–12) breaths minute^?1] and mean arterial blood pressure [101 (98–106) mmHg] were well maintained. Arterial blood gas analysis indicated hypoxaemia, hyper- capnia and acidaemia. Butorphanol (0.12 mg kg^?1) was an essential rescue drug to counteract thiafentanil-induced respiratory depression. All impala regurgitated frequently during the maintenance period. Recovery was calm and rapid in all animals. Median (IQR) time to standing from antagonist administration was 4.4 (3.2–5.6) minutes.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

A propofol–medetomidine–ketamine combination could provide adequate anaesthesia for invasive procedures in impala. The propofol infusion should begin at 0.2 mg kg^?1 minute^?1 and be titrated to clinical effect. Oxygen supplementation and airway protection with a cuffed endotracheal tube are essential.  相似文献   

The activation of triadimefon and its role in the selectivity of fungicide action     

Maya Gasztonyi  Gyula Josepovits 《Pest management science》1979,10(1):57-65

The uptake and metabolism of triadimefon by mycelia of fungi, sensitive or resistant to triadimefon, were studied. In the mycelia the triadimefon content accumulated to 20-40-fold of the external concentration, irrespective of the sensitivity of the fungus. In the course of the metabolism a highly fungitoxic product, triadimenol, was formed. In mycelia of sensitive fungi this transformation was at a high rate whereas it could not be demonstrated or only to a low extent in resistant types. The material produced by the sensitive fungi was effective also against fungi basically resistant to triadimefon. Based on these observations, triadimefon has to be regarded as the precursor of triadimenol. In the species investigated, selectivity may be related mainly to the rate of activation. In higher plants the metabolism of triadimefon showed a similar pattern, but was slower than with fungi. As the transformation into triadimenol (activation) begins thus early in the host tissues, the systemic fungitoxic effect is also influenced by the host plant itself. Regarding the speed of activation differences were found between the four plant species investigated.  相似文献   

Characterization of Italian Plasmopara viticola populations for resistance to oxathiapiprolin     

Federico Massi  Stefano FF Torriani  Maya Waldner-Zulauf  Piero A Bianco  Mauro Coatti  Paolo Borsa  Lorenzo Borghi  Silvia L Toffolatti 《Pest management science》2023,79(3):1243-1250

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First detection of canine parvovirus type 2c in South America   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Pérez R  Francia L  Romero V  Maya L  López I  Hernández M 《Veterinary microbiology》2007,124(1-2):147-152

Since its sudden emergence in the early 1970s, canine parvovirus type-2 (CPV-2) has been evolving through the generation of novel genetic and antigenic variants (CPV-2a/b/c and a number of additional mutations) that are unevenly distributed throughout the world. In order to develop strategies to control the spread of these variants and to understand virus evolution is fundamental to genotype field isolates from different geographic locations. In the present paper we have examined 25 isolates of CPV from clinical samples of Uruguayan dogs collected during year 2006. A fragment of the VP2 gene of the virus was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and DNA sequence analysis. Out of the 25 isolates analyzed, only one was characterized as CPV-2a and 24 were characterized as CPV-2c, indicating that this type is currently the prevalent field CPV circulating in Uruguay. This is the first report of CPV-2c in the American continent and it also represents the highest frequency of this type observed in a dog population so far. Its presence in South American supports the assumption that CPV-2c is reaching a worldwide distribution as occurred with 2a/2b antigenic types.  相似文献   

An overview of the utilisation of microalgae biomass derived from nutrient recycling of wet market wastewater and slaughterhouse wastewater     

Maizatul  A. Y.  Radin Mohamed  Radin Maya Saphira  Al-Gheethi  Adel A.  Hashim  M. K. Amir 《International Aquatic Research》2017,9(3):177-193

International Aquatic Research - Microalgae have high nutritional values for aquatic organisms compared to fish meal, because microalgae cells are rich in proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates....  相似文献   

Comparison of methods used to diagnose generalized inflammatory disease in manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris).     

Kendal Harr  John Harvey  Robert Bonde  David Murphy  Mark Lowe  Maya Menchaca  Elsa Haubold  Ruth Francis-Floyd 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2006,37(2):151-159

Manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) are afflicted with inflammatory and infectious disease secondary to human interaction, such as boat strike and entanglement, as well as "cold stress syndrome" and pneumonia. White-blood-cell count and fever, primary indicators of systemic inflammation in most species, are insensitive in diagnosing inflammatory disease in manatees. Acute phase-response proteins, such as haptoglobin and serum amyloid A, have proven to be sensitive measures of inflammation/infection in domestic large animal species. This study assessed diagnosis of generalized inflammatory disease by different methods including total white-blood-cell count, albumin: globulin ratio, gel electrophoresis analysis, C-reactive protein, alpha, acid glycoprotein, haptoglobin, fibrinogen, and serum amyloid A. Samples were collected from 71 apparently healthy and 27 diseased animals during diagnostic medical examination. Serum amyloid A, measured by ELISA, followed by albumin:globulin ratio, measured by plasma gel electrophoresis, were most sensitive in diagnosing inflammatory disease, with diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of approximately 90%. The reference interval for serum amyloid A is <10-50 microg/ml with an equivocal interval of 51-70 microg/ml. The reference interval for albumin:globulin ratio by plasma gel electrophoresis is 0.7-1.1. Albumin: globulin ratio, calculated using biochemical techniques, was not accurate due to overestimation of albumin by bromcresol green dye-binding methodology. Albumin:globulin ratio, measured by serum gel electrophoresis, has a low sensitivity of 15% due to the lack of fibrinogen in the sample. Haptoglobin, measured by hemoglobin titration, had a reference interval of 0.4-2.4 mg/ml, a diagnostic sensitivity of 60%, and a diagnostic specificity of 93%. The haptoglobin assay is significantly affected by hemolysis. Fibrinogen, measured by heat precipitation, has a reference interval of 100-400 mg/dl, a diagnostic sensitivity of 40%, and a diagnostic specificity of 95%.  相似文献   

Assessing disease risk at the wildlife–livestock interface: A study of Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep     

Deana L. Clifford  Brant A. Schumaker  Thomas R. Stephenson  Vernon C. Bleich  Maya L. Cahn  Ben J. Gonzales  Walter M. Boyce  Jonna A.K. Mazet   《Biological conservation》2009,142(11):2559-2568

Despite evidence that domestic sheep diseases threaten the persistence of bighorn sheep populations, the economic consequences of restricting domestic sheep grazing has polarized the debate, with some arguing that disease risk posed by domestic sheep has been exaggerated and grazing restrictions should be eased. We constructed a model to assess how different management strategies (grazing allotment closures, grazing time reductions, and reduced probability of stray domestic sheep) affect the risk of respiratory disease transmission from domestic sheep to endangered Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep, and to predict population-level impacts of an outbreak. Even when management strategies reduced risk of interspecies contact to less than 2% per year, our model predicted a 50% probability of a catastrophic respiratory disease outbreak during the next 10 bighorn sheep generations. If an outbreak occurs in the near future, the model predicts that the smallest Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep population would have a 33% probability of quasi-extinction. To eliminate all risk of contact and potential disease transmission, domestic sheep cannot be grazed on allotments that overlap with areas utilized by Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep. Where wildlife and domestic animal populations share limited habitat, and there is documented evidence of a substantial disease threat and extinction risk, stakeholders must recognize that the only way to eliminate contact and risk of disease transmission is to give priority to one species or the other. If conservation is the priority, difficult decisions will need to be made to balance trade-offs between economic livelihoods and species conservation.  相似文献