The burden of cardiovascular disease and cancer attributable to low fruit and vegetable intake in the European Union: differences between old and new Member States     

Pomerleau J  Lock K  McKee M 《Public health nutrition》2006,9(5):575-583

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the burden of disease attributable to low fruit and vegetable intake in the 15 countries that were members of the European Union (EU) before May 2004 (EU-15) and the 10 countries that then joined it (EU-10). DESIGN: Data on fruit and vegetable intake, target levels of intake and estimates of relative risks, deaths and disability were combined to obtain the burden of ischaemic heart disease, ischaemic stroke and four types of cancer (lung/bronchus/trachea, stomach, oesophagus, and colon/rectum) attributable to low fruit and vegetable consumption. SETTING: EU-15 and EU-10 Member States. RESULTS: The number of lives potentially saved annually from the selected outcomes if fruit and vegetable intake increased to 600 g person(-1) day(-1) reached 892,000 and 423,000 in the EU-15 and EU-10, respectively; total disease burden could decrease by 1.9% and 3.6%, respectively. The burden of ischaemic heart disease and stroke could be reduced by up to 17% and 10%, respectively, in the EU-15 and by 24% and 15%, respectively, in the EU-10; potential reductions for the selected cancers varied from 1% to 12% in the EU-15 and from 2% to 17% in the EU-10. CONCLUSIONS: The potential health gain of increased fruit and vegetable intake is particularly large in the new Member States, and particularly high for cardiovascular diseases, a main cause of health divide in Europe. This stresses the need for better nutrition programmes and policies that take account of economic, social and cultural specificities.  相似文献   

Precision of a Novel Computed Tomographic Method for Quantification of Femoral Varus in Dogs and an Assessment of the Effect of Femoral Malpositioning     

Bill Oxley MA VetMB CertSAS  Toby J. Gemmill BVSc MVM DSAS Diplomate ECVS  Jonathan Pink BSc BVetMed CertSAS Diplomate ECVS  Stephen Clarke BVM&S DSAS Diplomate ECVS  Andrew Parry MA VetMB CertVDI Diplomate ECVDI  W. Malcolm McKee BVMS MVS MACVSc DSAO 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2013,42(6):751-758

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Comparison of Complication Rates and Clinical Outcome Between Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy and a Modified Cranial Closing Wedge Osteotomy for Treatment of Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease in Dogs     

Bill Oxley MA VetMB CertSAS  Toby J. Gemmill BVSc MVM DSAS Diplomate ECVS  Alasdair R. Renwick BVMS DSAS  W. Malcolm McKee BVMS MVS MACVSc DSAO 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2013,42(6):739-750

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Preliminary experiences of the triple tibial osteotomy procedure: tibial morphology and complications   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

A. I. C. Renwick    W. M. McKee  T. D. Emmerson  †  A. K. House  † 《The Journal of small animal practice》2009,50(5):212-221

O bjective : To document the effect of variable tibial morphology on the planning and execution of the triple tibial osteotomy (TTO) procedure in dogs and complications encountered while becoming familiar with the technique.
M ethods : The records of 21 consecutive cases that had a TTO performed were reviewed. Preoperative tibial morphology was assessed. Modifications in the described technique and complications were documented. Postoperative outcome was evaluated using a client-based questionnaire.
R esults : The size of the tibial wedge ostectomy was modified because of variable tibial morphology in four dogs (19 per cent) to avoid over or under correction of the tibial plateau angle (TPA). Intraoperatively, fracture through the caudal tibial cortex occurred in nine cases (41 per cent) and through the distal tibial crest cortex in four cases (18 per cent). Major complications occurred in five (23 per cent) of cases with four (18 per cent) requiring further surgery. The client questionnaire results demonstrated significant improvements in all parameters and no significant difference from the preinjury status.
C linical S ignificance : TPA measurement is recommended when planning a TTO to avoid over or under correction of the TPA. Despite frequent minor complications, it appears that the TTO is an effective procedure for management of cranial cruciate ligament rupture in the dog.  相似文献   

Total hip replacement for the treatment of atraumatic slipped femoral capital epiphysis in dogs     

TJ Gemmill  J Pink  SP Clarke  WM McKee 《The Journal of small animal practice》2012,53(8):453-458

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Serologic prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis,Ehrlichia canis,and Borrelia burgdorferi infections in Brazil     

Labarthe N  de Campos Pereira M  Barbarini O  McKee W  Coimbra CA  Hoskins J 《Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine》2003,4(1):67-75

Dogs infected with Dirofilaria immitis, Ehrlichia canis, or Borrelia burgdorferi may show nonspecific clinical signs or may be asymptomatic. In Brazil, E. canis and D. immitis infections are frequently diagnosed based on the presence of classical signs; however, serologic tests are seldom performed to confirm the presence of infection. To estimate the seroprevalence of these three canine diseases in Brazil, 2,553 dogs presented at veterinary practices for various tests, routine treatments, or examinations were evaluated by an in-office commercial ELISA test kit (SNAP 3Dx, IDEXX Laboratories). Each dog was examined by the veterinarian, and a whole-blood sample was collected and immediately tested for the simultaneous detection of B. burgdorferi and E. canis antibodies and D. immitis antigen. D. immitis infection was detected in 51 dogs (2.0%) and E. canis antibodies were present in 505 dogs 19.8%). Only one dog tested positive for B. burgdorferi antibodies.  相似文献   

Bilateral fixation of Y-T humeral condyle fractures via medial and lateral approaches in 29 dogs     

McKee WM  Macias C  Innes JF 《The Journal of small animal practice》2005,46(5):217-226

OBJECTIVES: To describe bilateral fixation of Y-T fractures of the humeral condyle via combined medial and lateral approaches, and to determine the technique's clinical and radiographic short-term outcomes. METHODS: Details of 30 consecutive fractures in 29 dogs were reviewed. These included signalment, method of fixation, complications, and follow-up limb function and range of elbow joint motion. RESULTS: The age of the dogs ranged from three months to nine years, and bodyweight ranged from 1.9 to 48 kg. The humeral condyle was reattached to the shaft using medial and lateral bone plates in 18 fractures, a medial plate and lateral Kirschner wire(s) in six fractures, and medial and lateral Kirschner wire(s) in six fractures. Major complications were recorded in four fractures and minor complications in two fractures. Limb function at follow-up was graded as excellent in 12, good in 15 and fair in three fractures. The range of elbow flexion was normal in seven, mildly reduced in 18, moderately reduced in four and severely reduced in one fracture. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: In contrast to the caudal approach, combined medial and lateral approaches decrease the extent of periarticular soft tissue dissection, avoid complications associated with olecranon osteotomy and enable exposure of the entire humeral diaphysis for fixation. Bilateral fixation is likely to be better at counteracting bending and torsional forces compared with unilateral fixation.  相似文献   

Caudal proximal tibial deformity and cranial cruciate ligament rupture in small-breed dogs     

Macias C  McKee WM  May C 《The Journal of small animal practice》2002,43(10):433-438

Eight dogs presented with chronic hindlimb lameness associated with cranial cruciate ligament rupture. Seven were small terriers. A caudal deformity of the proximal tibial shaft, originating at the proximal tibial physis, and an excessive caudal slope of the tibial plateau were present bilaterally in all dogs. The deformity was thought to be responsible for the cranial cruciate ligament failure and poor response to conservative management. Tibial plateau angles were in excess of 26 degrees in all dogs. The lameness was bilateral in three dogs. There was complete cranial cruciate ligament rupture in seven stifles and partial rupture in four. There were no meniscal injuries. Surgical correction resulted in a significant improvement (P<0.0001) in all dogs, with a mean follow-up of 12 months (range three to 24 months). There were no complications.  相似文献   

Thoracolumbar disc disease in large dogs: a study of 99 cases     

Macias C  McKee WM  May C  Innes JF 《The Journal of small animal practice》2002,43(10):439-446

The records of 99 dogs weighing over 20 kg with thoracolumbar disc disease were reviewed. Two types of disc disease were recognised: degenerative nuclear extrusion (n=63) and degenerative annular protrusion (n=36). Sixty-nine per cent of the affected discs were located between T12-T13 and L2-L3. Of the 63 dogs with degenerative nuclear extrusions, 35 were non-ambulatory and seven had no conscious pain perception at the time of presentation. Decompressive surgery was performed in 55 dogs, four dogs were managed non-surgically and three dogs were euthanased. A successful outcome was achieved in 49 (78 per cent) cases as assessed by the authors and in 53 (84 per cent) cases as assessed by the owners. Mean follow-up time was 11.7 months (range 1.5 to 48 months). Five dogs subsequently lost the ability to ambulate on their hindlimbs. Myelographic investigations in three of these dogs revealed a second thoracolumbar degenerative nuclear extrusion. Of the 36 dogs with degenerative annular protrusions, seven were non-ambulatory at the time of presentation. Fifteen cases had multiple protrusions. Twenty dogs were managed non-surgically, 12 surgically and four were euthanased. A successful outcome was achieved in eight (22 per cent) cases as assessed by the authors and in 19 (52 per cent) cases as assessed by the owners. Mean follow-up time was 9.2 months (range 1.5 to 30 months). The outcome of dogs with annular protrusions was significantly worse compared to the outcome of dogs with nuclear extrusions (P<0.001).  相似文献   

Ulnocarpal arthrodesis and limb lengthening for the management of radial agenesis in a dog     

McKee WM  Reynolds J 《The Journal of small animal practice》2007,48(10):591-595

Radial agenesis was diagnosed in a nine-week-old boxer. An ulnocarpal arthrodesis was performed when six months of age to improve limb alignment and enable weight bearing. When the dog was 10 months old, a hinged circular fixator was applied to the limb to gradually lengthen the ulna and correct angular and rotational deformity. The fixator was removed at 16 months of age. At this time, there was 1·7 cm (6 per cent) shortening of the affected antebrachium-metacarpus and 2·6 cm (15 per cent) compensatory overgrowth of the humerus compared with the contralateral limb. Inability to extend the digits was a complication that improved with physiotherapy. Follow-up at 23 months of age showed good limb use when walking and running. Radiographs of the elbow showed periarticular osteophytes and subcoronoid sclerosis of the ulna.  相似文献