Behavioural interactions of diamondback terrapins with crab pots demonstrate that bycatch reduction devices reduce entrapment          下载免费PDF全文

Rebecca K. McKee  Kristen K. Cecala  Michael E. Dorcas 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2016,26(6):1081-1089

Identification of R-genes in Solanum stoloniferum     

R. K. McKee 《Euphytica》1962,11(1):42-46

The presence of the genes R ₂, R ₃, R ₄ and R ₆, in various combinations, was demonstrated in seven lines of Solanum stoloniferum by inoculation of progenies derived from them with specialized races of Phytophthora infestans; two other lines were fully susceptible. The inheritance of these genes in S. stoloniferum can be interpreted on a disomic basis.  相似文献   

Supplemental vitamin C and yeast cell wall beta-glucan as growth enhancers in newborn pigs and as immunomodulators after an endotoxin challenge after weaning     

Eicher SD  McKee CA  Carroll JA  Pajor EA 《Journal of animal science》2006,84(9):2352-2360

To test possible dietary immune modulators, 32 crossbred male pigs were given 1 of 4 dietary treatments (8 pigs/treatment): control, Saccharomyces cerevisiae with beta-glucan (Energy Plus, Natural Chem Industries LTD, Houston, TX; 0.312 g/kg of BW, 2.5% of diet), vitamin C (Stay C 35, DSM Nutritional Products Inc., Prisippany, NJ; 75 ppm), or beta-glucan plus vitamin C together (combination; 0.312 g/kg of BW and 75 ppm, respectively). Supplements were given in whole milk within 36 h of birth and then daily for 2 wk until weaning, when the supplement was given in feed for an additional 2 wk. Growth was recorded during the 4 wk of supplement delivery. An i.v. lipopolysaccharide challenge (LPS; 150 microg/kg) was given 14 d postweaning at 0900. Behavior was observed, and blood samples were collected every 30 min for 4 h via a jugular catheter from -1 (0800) to 3 (1200) h relative to challenge (-60, -30, 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min), and tissues were collected after exsanguination. Beta-glucan (glucan and combination) increased (P < 0.05) BW and ADG compared with vitamin C and control. Cortisol concentrations showed an interaction (P < 0.05) of the beta-glucan and vitamin C. Intestinal expression of tumor-necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha mRNA was greatest for vitamin C and beta-glucan compared with control and combination, and liver TNF-alpha mRNA expression showed a main effect (P < 0.01) of beta-glucan. Lung expression of TNF-alpha mRNA exhibited a vitamin C effect (P < 0.01). In contrast, spleen had greater (P < 0.01) relative abundance of TNF-alpha mRNA in beta-glucan pigs. Intestinal expression of IL-1Ra mRNA was greater (P < 0.05) for vitamin C and beta-glucan treatments compared with the control and combination pigs. Liver expression of IL-1 receptor antagonist mRNA exhibited a vitamin C effect (P < 0.01). Lying and sleeping behaviors differed (P < 0.05) among treatments early in the observations (0700 to 0720), then sporadically until 50 min after the LPS injection. The vitamin C group slept less (P < 0.05) on those occasions. The time spent lying was least (P < 0.05) for the glucan and combination pigs immediately after the injection. These results show a complex interaction between vitamin C and this yeast product after LPS challenge, with differential expression in tissues by 2 h after LPS injections. The combination enhanced postweaning growth and reduced TNF-alpha expression of the intestinal and liver tissues, suggesting an important immunomodulatory role of the combination treatment.  相似文献   

Y-T humeral fractures with supracondylar comminution in five cats     

Macias C  Gibbons SE  McKee WM 《The Journal of small animal practice》2006,47(2):89-93

Five cats with Y-T fractures of the humeral condyle were reviewed. Breeds presented included domestic shorthair (four cats) and Maine Coon (one cat). Age ranged from two to 16 years. All the cats were neutered males. A road traffic accident was suspected in all cases. Four of the fractures were severely comminuted and one fracture had four fragments. The fractures were repaired via combined medial and lateral approaches. Fixation of the epicondylar ridges was performed using buttress plates in four cases and neutralisation plates in one case. The intracondylar fracture was stabilised using a 2.7 mm lag screw in four cases and a 3.5 mm lag screw in the other. A corticocancellous bone graft was applied in two cases. The intracondylar fracture was accurately reduced in all cases. Complete radiographic healing was documented in two cases 6 and 11 weeks following surgery. Failure of the fixation occurred in the most severely comminuted fracture five days postoperatively. Surgical revision was not performed, and the limb was amputated. Three cats were free of lameness and had resumed outdoor activities at follow-up (five to eight months after surgery). Marked lameness due to loss of elbow movement was observed in the other case.  相似文献   

Phospholipid nonwoven electrospun membranes     

McKee MG  Layman JM  Cashion MP  Long TE 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,311(5759):353-355

Nonwoven fibrous membranes were formed from electrospinning lecithin solutions in a single processing step. As the concentration of lecithin increased, the micellar morphology evolved from spherical to cylindrical, and at higher concentrations the cylindrical micelles overlapped and entangled in a fashion similar to polymers in semi-dilute or concentrated solutions. At concentrations above the onset of entanglements of the wormlike micelles, electrospun fibers were fabricated with diameters on the order of 1 to 5 micrometers. The electrospun phospholipid fibers offer the potential for direct fabrication of biologically based, high-surface-area membranes without the use of multiple synthetic steps, complicated electrospinning designs, or postprocessing surface treatments.  相似文献   

Body weight patterns in a country in transition: a population-based survey in Tirana City,Albania     

Shapo L  Pomerleau J  McKee M  Coker R  Ylli A 《Public health nutrition》2003,6(5):471-477

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Forecasting global biodiversity threats associated with human population growth     

Jeffrey K. McKee  Paul W. Sciulli  C.David Fooce 《Biological conservation》2004,115(1):161-164

The size and growth of the human population are often cited as key factors in threats to Earth’s biodiversity, yet the extent of their contribution to the endangerment and extinction of other species has remained unclear. Moreover, it could be valuable to know what additional threats may arise from continued human population growth. Here we quantify a model of the relationship between human population density and the number of threatened mammal and bird species by nation. Our multiple regression analysis revealed that two predictor variables, human population density and species richness (of birds and mammals), account for 88% of the variability in log-transformed densities of threatened species across 114 continental nations. Using the regression model with projected population sizes of each nation, we found that the number of threatened species in the average nation is expected to increase 7% by 2020, and 14% by 2050, as forecast by human population growth alone. Our findings strongly support the notion that abating human population growth is a necessary, if not sufficient, step in the epic attempt to conserve biodiversity on the global scale.  相似文献   

Radiographic evaluation of BFX acetabular component position in dogs     

Renwick A  Gemmill T  Pink J  Brodbelt D  McKee M 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2011,40(5):610-620

Objective: To assess the reliability of radiographic measurement of angle of lateral opening (ALO) and angle of version of BFX acetabular cups. Study Design: In vitro radiographic study. Sample Population: BFX cups (24, 28, and 32 mm). Methods: Total hip replacement constructs (cups, 17 mm femoral head and a #7 CFX stem) were mounted on an inclinometer. Ventrodorsal radiographs were obtained with ALO varying between 21° and 70° and inclination set at 0°, 10°, 20°, and 30°. Radiographs were randomized using a random sequence generator. Three observers blinded to the radiograph order assessed ALO using 3 methods: (1) an ellipse method based on trigonometry; (2) using a measurement from the center of the femoral head to the truncated surface of the cup; (3) by visual estimation using a reference chart. Version was measured by assessing the ventral edge of the truncated surface. Results: ALO methods 2 and 3 were accurate and precise to within 10° and were significantly more accurate and precise than method 1 (P<.001). All methods were significantly less accurate with increasing inclination. Version measurement was accurate and precise to within 7° with 0–20° of inclination, but significantly less accurate with 30° of inclination. Conclusions: Methods 2 and 3, but not method 1, were sufficiently accurate and precise to be clinically useful. Version measurement was clinically useful when inclination was ≤20°.  相似文献   

Complications following tarsal arthrodesis using bone plate fixation in dogs     

Roch SP  Clements DN  Mitchell RA  Downes C  Gemmill TJ  Macias C  McKee WM 《The Journal of small animal practice》2008,49(3):117-126

OBJECTIVES: To report the complications encountered following tarsal arthrodesis surgery with bone plate fixation and describe the previously unreported complication of plantar necrosis. METHODS: Medical records of 40 dogs that had been treated by tarsal arthrodesis with bone plate fixation were reviewed to determine the major and minor complications and the associated risk factors. RESULTS: The major complication rate was 32.5 per cent and the minor complication rate was 42.5 per cent. Pantarsal arthrodeses had a higher major complication rate than partial tarsal arthrodeses. Plantar necrosis was the most common major complication and occurred in 15 per cent of cases. Plantar necrosis occurred more frequently when a bone plate was applied to the medial aspect of the hock, and only occurred in cases where tarsometatarsal joint arthrodesis was performed. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Plantar necrosis is a catastrophic complication that may be associated with injury to the dorsal pedal artery or perforating metatarsal artery. Application of a bone plate to the medial aspect of the hock should be performed with care during tarsal arthrodesis, particularly where the tarsometatarsal joint is debrided of cartilage. Strict attention to surgical technique and proper postoperative coaptation is critical to reduce the potential for complications with tarsal arthrodesis.  相似文献   

Effect of humidity and nutrient feed K/Ca ratio on physiological responses and the accumulation of dry matter,Ca and K in tomato     

B. J. Mulholland  M. Fussell  R. N. Edmondson  I. G. Burns  J. M. T. McKee  J. Basham 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):713-722

Summary

Two levels of humidity, high, 0.1 kPa vapour pressure deficit (vpd) and control 0.5 kPa vpd, and four nutrient feed K/Ca mM ratios (4/7, 10/7, 4/2 and 10/2) were applied in all factorial combinations to a nine-week old tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) crop for 63 d. The effect on gas exchange, water relations, vegetative growth, yield and accumulation of Ca and K in the shoot was examined. High humidity had a deleterious effect on leaf expansion, delayed truss and fruit maturity and reduced fruit yield. Water uptake was reduced and the Ca concentration of leaf and fruit tissue was increased under high humidity compared with plants grown under control humidity; K accumulation was unaffected. The accumulation of K and Ca in the shoot appeared to be poorly related to the rate of transpiration. The high (10/2 mM) K/Ca ratio nutrient feed had little effect on vegetative growth and yield compared with the low (4/7 mM), but restricted Ca uptake to the fruits at both the high and the control humidity. During the measurement period, 0900–1300 hours, stomatal conductance and leaf water status remained high at elevated humidity, compared with a progressive reduction in leaf water status and low stomatal conductance in the control humidity. A/c_i gas exchange analysis where A is the net CO₂ assimilation rate and c_i is the intercellular partial pressure of CO₂ suggested that, at high humidity, the photosynthetic capacity of the leaves was reduced because of a lower in vivo carboxylation efficiency. However, the mechanism(s) responsible for reduced leaf expansion remains unclear. The complex interrelations between physiological responses, leaf expansion and the uptake and distribution of K and Ca to the shoot, are discussed.  相似文献