Assessment of the Bacteriocinogenic Potential of Marine Bacteria Reveals Lichenicidin Production by Seaweed-Derived Bacillus spp.     

Maria Luz Prieto  Laurie O��Sullivan  Shiau Pin Tan  Peter McLoughlin  Helen Hughes  Paula M. O��Connor  Paul D. Cotter  Peadar G. Lawlor  Gillian E. Gardiner 《Marine drugs》2012,10(10):2280-2299

The objectives of this study were (1) to assess the bacteriocinogenic potential of bacteria derived mainly from seaweed, but also sand and seawater, (2) to identify at least some of the bacteriocins produced, if any and (3) to determine if they are unique to the marine environment and/or novel. Fifteen Bacillus licheniformis or pumilus isolates with antimicrobial activity against at least one of the indicator bacteria used were recovered. Some, at least, of the antimicrobials produced were bacteriocins, as they were proteinaceous and the producers displayed immunity. Screening with PCR primers for known Bacillus bacteriocins revealed that three seaweed-derived Bacillus licheniformis harbored the bli04127 gene which encodes one of the peptides of the two-peptide lantibiotic lichenicidin. Production of both lichenicidin peptides was then confirmed by mass spectrometry. This is the first definitive proof of bacteriocin production by seaweed-derived bacteria. The authors acknowledge that the bacteriocin produced has previously been discovered and is not unique to the marine environment. However, the other marine isolates likely produce novel bacteriocins, as none harboured genes for known Bacillus bacteriocins.  相似文献   

Cleaning and sterilisation of infant feeding equipment: a systematic review     

Renfrew MJ  McLoughlin M  McFadden A 《Public health nutrition》2008,11(11):1188-1199

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Prebiotics from Marine Macroalgae for Human and Animal Health Applications     

Laurie O’Sullivan  Brian Murphy  Peter McLoughlin  Patrick Duggan  Peadar G. Lawlor  Helen Hughes  Gillian E. Gardiner 《Marine drugs》2010,8(7):2038-2064

The marine environment is an untapped source of bioactive compounds. Specifically, marine macroalgae (seaweeds) are rich in polysaccharides that could potentially be exploited as prebiotic functional ingredients for both human and animal health applications. Prebiotics are non-digestible, selectively fermented compounds that stimulate the growth and/or activity of beneficial gut microbiota which, in turn, confer health benefits on the host. This review will introduce the concept and potential applications of prebiotics, followed by an outline of the chemistry of seaweed polysaccharides. Their potential for use as prebiotics for both humans and animals will be highlighted by reviewing data from both in vitro and in vivo studies conducted to date.  相似文献   

Cystoscopy: techniques and clinical applications     

Messer JS  Chew DJ  McLoughlin MA 《Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice》2005,20(1):52-64

Cystoscopy is a powerful tool for characterization of lower urinary tract disease in dogs and cats. Current applications of cystoscopy include diagnostic and interventional techniques. This article reviews cystoscopy equipment, procedures, and common applications of cystoscopy. A review of normal anatomy and common lower urinary tract lesions identifiable with cystoscopy is also presented.  相似文献   

Treatment of Renal Aspergillosis in a Dog Using Nephrostomy Tubes     

Robert J. Starkey  Mary A. McLoughlin 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1996,10(5):336-338

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What is your diagnosis? Lysis of the right temporal bone adjacent to the temporomandibular joint     

R Stickle  M McLoughlin  R Dunstan 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1989,194(1):119-120

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Efficacy of decoquinate against eleven strains of Eimeria tenella and development of a decoquinate-resistant strain   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

D K McLoughlin  M B Chute 《Avian diseases》1971,15(2):342-345

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Detection and antigenic characterization of salmonid alphavirus isolates from sera obtained from farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and farmed rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)     

Jewhurst VA  Todd D  Rowley HM  Walker IW  Weston JH  McLoughlin MF  Graham DA 《Journal of fish diseases》2004,27(3):143-149

A simple method of detecting the presence of the salmonid alphaviruses (SAVs), salmon pancreas disease virus (SPDV) and sleeping disease virus (SDV), from serum samples is described. Using a 96-well tissue-culture plate format, test sera are diluted in medium and added to chinook salmon embryo (CHSE-214) cells. After incubation for 3 days at 15 degrees C, plates are fixed and stained using a monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based immunoperoxidase (IPX) detection system, and virus-infected cells are observed microscopically by white light. Application of this screening test, which is now used routinely in our laboratory in conjunction with an IPX-based virus neutralization (IPX-VN) test for detecting antibodies to SAVs, has resulted in the recovery of 12 additional isolates from salmon sera and four additional isolates from trout sera. A low level of antigenic variation was detected when these SAV isolates were investigated by indirect immunofluorescence using a panel of mAbs raised to reference SPDV and SDV isolates.  相似文献   

A comparative study of marine salmonid alphavirus subtypes 1-6 using an experimental cohabitation challenge model     

Graham DA  Frost P  McLaughlin K  Rowley HM  Gabestad I  Gordon A  McLoughlin MF 《Journal of fish diseases》2011,34(4):273-286

A comparative challenge study of six marine isolates representing subtypes 1-6 of salmonid alphavirus (salmon pancreas disease virus, Genus Alphavirus, Family Togaviridae) was conducted in Atlantic salmon in a fresh water cohabitation trial. Histopathological lesions typical of pancreas disease were observed with all subtypes, and virus was re-isolated from serum of cohabitant fish in each case. Using a virus neutralization (VN) test neutralizing salmonid alphavirus (SAV) subtype 1 strain F93-125, VN antibodies were detected in all challenge groups, consistent with serological cross-reactivity between these subtypes. Using real-time RT-PCR, SAV RNA was detected in heart tissue from 2 to 3 weeks post-challenge (wpc) in all cohabitant groups excluding controls. The results obtained suggested differences in the dynamics of infection between strains of SAV and potentially between subtypes. Results for SAV subtypes 1 and 3 suggested essentially synchronous infection of cohabitant fish. These two study groups also had the highest virus load in heart tissue as measured by quantitative RT-PCR and also had the most extensive histopathological changes. In contrast, results for SAV subtypes 2 and 6 strains were consistent with asynchronous infection in the cohabitant fish and were characterized by slow spread, low virus loads and mild histopathological changes. The SAV subtype 4 and 5 strains occupied an intermediate position in this regard. Despite the use of concentration procedures, it was not possible to detect SAV RNA in water samples from selected study tanks. However, testing of faeces from the SAV subtypes 1, 3 and 6 challenge groups found positive signals in each beginning at 1-3 wpc and remaining detectable for a further 2-3 weeks. Parallel testing of mucus samples found these became positive at 2-3 wpc and remained positive for a further 1-3 weeks. These results demonstrate for the first time that shedding and transmission of virus may occur by both these routes and suggest that dispersal in these matrices should be included in any disease transmission models.  相似文献   

Clinical and histopathological features of naturally occurring pancreas disease in farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.     

M F McLoughlin  R N Nelson  J I McCormick  H M Rowley  & D B Bryson 《Journal of fish diseases》2002,25(1):33-43

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