Optimization of Compatible Mixed Cultures for Liquid State Bioconversion of Municipal Wastewater Sludge     

Alam  Md. Zahangir  Fakhru'l-Razi  A.  Abd-Aziz  Suraini  Molla  Abul H. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2003,149(1-4):113-126

The filamentous fungal strains such as Penicillium corylophilum (P), Aspergillus niger (A), Trichoderma harzianum (T) and Phanerochaete chrysosporium (PC) isolated from its relevant sources (wastewater, sewage sludge and sludge cake) were selected for compatible/incompatible mixed cultures. Six combinations of P. corylophilum and A. niger (P/A); P. corylophilum and P. chrysosporium (P/PC); P. corylophilum and T. harzianum (P/T); A. niger and T. harzianum (A/T); A. niger and P. chrysosporium (A/PC); T. harzianum and P. chrysosporium (T/PC) were used to evaluate their potential performance as compatible/incompatible mixed culture for the treatment of municipal wastewater sludge in a bioconversion process. The results of the present study showed that the combinations of P/A, P/PC and A/PC showed compatible growth and the rest of the combinations (P/T, A/T and T/PC) were incompatible cultures. A maximum production of dry biomass and dry filter cake were recorded in the compatible mixed culture of P. corylophilum and A. niger (P/A). A maximum reduction of COD (90%) and a decreased filtration time of treated sludge was observed in the case of P/A microbial mixed culture. The pH value was also affected by the fungal cultures. Effective results were observed by using microbial mixed culture after four days of treatment compared to other treatments (2 and 6 days).  相似文献   

Sequence Analysis of the Full‐Length Cloned DNA of a Chicken Anaemia Virus (CAV) Strain from Bangladesh: Evidence for Genetic Grouping of CAV Strains Based on the Deduced VP1 Amino Acid Sequences     

M. R. Islam  R. Johne  R. Raue  D. Todd  H. Müller 《Zoonoses and public health》2002,49(7):332-337

Chicken anaemia virus (CAV) was detected in the bursa of Fabricius of a 4‐week‐old chicken obtained from an outbreak of acute infectious bursal disease in Bangladesh. Repeated attempts to grow this virus in MDCC‐MSB1 cells were not successful. A full‐length PCR amplicon of the genome of this strain, designated as BD‐3 CAV, was cloned and sequenced. The complete nucleotide sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence were compared with those of 12 other CAV strains. The genetic analysis of the amino acid sequences of VP1 indicated the possible existence of genetic groups among CAV strains, as BD‐3 CAV along with four other strains (CIA‐1, L‐028, Isolate 704 and TR‐20) formed a distinct lineage. These strains have four signatory amino acids in VP1, such as ⁷⁵I/T, ⁹⁷L, ¹³⁹Q and ¹⁴⁴Q, out of which the latter two are located in a small hydrophilic peak.  相似文献   

Prevalence of larval taeniids in goats in Bangladesh     

Md. Jahurul Karim  Hefazuddin Shaikh  Md. Mozzammel Huq 《Tropical animal health and production》1982,14(3):166-166

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Seedbed Characteristics and Seeding Depth Effects on Emergence and Seedling Vigour of Upland Rice     

A. F. M. Ekramul Haque  A. Hamid    M. T. Islam  M. Mohiuddin 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1992,168(1):61-64

Effects of seedbed condition and seeding depth on the emergence and seedling vigour of upland rice was studied. Regardless of aggregate size distribution, seeds sown at 2 cm depth gave the maximum emergence rate (80-90 %) which was reduced to 47 % for sowing at 5 cm depth. Seeding at 10 cm depth caused total failure in emergence. When planted at 2 cm depth, aggregate size produced considerable variation in the speed of emergence but caused no significant differences in final emergence count. For seeds sown at 5 cm depth, seedbed with aggregate size < 2 mm resulted in poor emergence (12 %) while with aggregates > 8 mm reduced emergence by 34 % compared with balanced proportion of larger, moderate and smaller aggregates. Neither the seedbed condition nor seeding depth caused significant variation in seedling height or seedling dry weight.  相似文献   

Congenital meningocele-encephalocele in an experimental swine herd     

D W Vogt  M R Ellersieck  W E Deutsch  B Akremi  M N Islam 《American journal of veterinary research》1986,47(1):188-191

Fourteen instances of meningocele-encephalocele in an experimental herd were recorded over a 5-year period. Thirteen of these affected animals were subjected to extensive pedigree analyses. Familial associations were strong, and clearly the meningocele-encephalocele in this herd was under genetic influence. However, additional studies are needed to clarify the mode of inheritance and, perhaps, to identify other factors that might be involved.  相似文献   

Antagonistic rhizoplane bacteria induce diverse morphological alterations in Peronosporomycete hyphae during <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis> interaction     

Abhinandan?Deora  Yasuyuki?HashidokoEmail author  Md.?Tofazzal?Islam  Satoshi?Tahara 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2005,112(4):311-322

A total of 150 bacteria were isolated from rhizoplanes of the host and non-host plants of a phytopathogenic Peronosporomycete Aphanomyces cochlioides. Upon screening, 5% of the isolates were evaluated as antagonists as they inhibited radial growth of A. cochlioides AC-5 hyphae in a dual culture assay. In addition, those antagonistic bacteria also induced characteristic morphological alterations in the A. cochlioides AC-5 hyphae that grew towards bacterial colonies. Hyphal morphological alterations observed in AC-5 and other tested strains of Peronosporomycetes included excessive branching, curly growth, unusually longer and pointed tip formation and swelling; all of these were comparable to the alterations induced by known antimicrobial compounds. Among the antagonistic bacteria, Pseudomonas sp. strain EC-S101 induced a unique branching pattern (tree-like) in AC-5 hyphae by continuous apical bifurcation of successive hyphae, where increases in number of branches and hyphal area were linearly correlated with time up to 10 h. Our observations suggested that the pathogen might have lost its ability of normal branch production; however maintained the capability of self-branching. Soluble extracts from the culture fluids of Pseudomonas sp. strain EC-S101 and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia EC-S105 induced similar excessive branching and curly growth in A. cochlioides hyphae as the respective bacterium. These results revealed that bacterial metabolites appeared to be responsible for induction of morphological alterations. Interestingly, the antagonistic bacteria that induced hyphal morphological alterations, also efficiently suppressed in vivo damping-off disease caused by AC-5. We suggest that antagonistic rhizoplane bacteria have the capability to induce diverse morphological alterations in Peronosporomycetes hyphae during in vitro interactions. Hyphal morphological alterations associated with growth inhibition and the induction of characteristic morphological changes indicate antagonistic activity against the Peronosporomycete.  相似文献   

Molecular characterization of the major outer membrane protein of Haemophilus somnus     

Khan MS  Tanaka A  Ide H  Hoshinoo K  Hanafusa Y  Tagawa Y 《Veterinary microbiology》2005,107(3-4):179-192

The major outer membrane protein (MOMP) of Haemophilus somnus shows antigenic and molecular mass diversity that forms the basis of a preliminary grouping system for H. somnus strains. In this study, the gene encoding MOMP of H. somnus strain 8025 was cloned in three overlapping fragments by PCR techniques, and then sequenced. The gene consists of a 1164-bp open reading frame encoding a deduced 380-amino acid protein with a 19-amino acid signal sequence, giving a mature protein with a calculated molecular mass of 39,913 Da. Significant homology was found between MOMP and porin protein sequences of bacteria in Pasteurellaceae species. When expressed in Escherichia coli, the protein from the MOMP gene directed by the T7 promoter was identical in size (approximately 40 kDa) to native MOMP and reacted with MOMP-specific antibodies. Comparisons of the MOMP gene sequences from six unrelated strains of H. somnus to that of strain 8025 revealed that the genes of three MOMP type 1 strains were highly conserved with that of strain 8025 in length and sequence. However, two MOMP type 3c strains and one MOMP type 3a strain differed markedly from the MOMP of strain 8025 in their 3'-terminal halves. Their deduced MOMP amino acid sequences differed in sequence (3c, 80.5 and 82.7% identity; 3a, 62.4% identity) and in length (3c, 384 and 376; 3a, 316), indicating that the molecular differences are the basis of antigenicity and molecular mass differences of H. somnus MOMP. In the predicted MOMP secondary structure, the variable sequences primarily mapped to putative surface-exposed loops, and a variable and surface-exposed epitope of MOMP-specific antibody was identified in the seventh-largest loop. These findings are useful for understanding the structural and immunological characteristics of H. somnus.  相似文献   

Rice Pi-ta gene Confers Resistance to the Major Pathotypes of the Rice Blast Fungus in the United States   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jia Y  Wang Z  Fjellstrom RG  Moldenhauer KA  Azam MA  Correll J  Lee FN  Xia Y  Rutger JN 《Phytopathology》2004,94(3):296-301

ABSTRACT The Pi-ta gene in rice prevents the infection by Magnaporthe grisea strains containing the AVR-Pita avirulence gene. The presence of Pi-ta in rice cultivars was correlated completely with resistance to two major pathotypes, IB-49 and IC-17, common in the U.S. blast pathogen population. The inheritance of resistance to IC-17 was investigated further using a marker for the resistant Pi-ta allele in an F(2) population of 1,345 progeny from a cross of cv. Katy with experimental line RU9101001 possessing and lacking, respectively, the Pi-ta resistance gene. Resistance to IC-17 was conferred by a single dominant gene and Pi-ta was not detected in susceptible individuals. A second F(2) population of 377 individuals from a reciprocal cross between Katy and RU9101001 was used to verify the conclusion that resistance to IC-17 was conferred by a single dominant gene. In this cross, individuals resistant to IC-17 also were resistant to IB-49. The presence of Pi-ta and resistance to IB-49 also was correlated with additional crosses between 'Kaybonnet' and 'M-204', which also possess and lack Pi-ta, respectively. A pair of primers that specifically amplified a susceptible pi-ta allele was developed to verify the absence of Pi-ta. We suggest that Pi-ta is responsible for resistance to IB-49 and IC-17 and that both races contain AVR-Pita genes.  相似文献   

Comparing apparent electrical conductivity measurements on a paddy field under flooded and drained conditions     

Mohammad Monirul Islam  Eef Meerschman  Timothy Saey  Philippe De Smedt  Ellen Van De Vijver  Marc Van Meirvenne 《Precision Agriculture》2012,13(3):384-392

Every growing season, paddy fields are kept both flooded and drained for a significant period of time. As a consequence, these soils develop distinct physico-chemical characteristics. For practical reasons, these soils are mostly sampled under dry conditions, but the question arises how representative the results are for the wet growing conditions. Therefore, the apparent electrical conductivity (EC_a) of a 1.4 ha alluvial paddy field located in the Brahmaputra floodplain of Bangladesh was measured in both dry and wet conditions by a sensing system using the electromagnetic induction sensor EM38, which does not require physical contact with the soil, and compared both surveys. Due to the smooth water surface under wet conditions which ensured increased stability of the sensing platform, the results of the survey showed considerably reduced micro-scale variability of EC_a. Furthermore, the wet survey results more reliably furnished soil-related information mainly due to the absence of soil moisture dynamics. The differences between EC_a under wet and dry conditions were attributed to differences in soil texture, mainly the sand content variation having considerable effect on soil moisture differences when flooded following drainage. Accordingly, the largest differences between EC_a under wet and dry conditions were found in those parts of the field with a large sand content. Hence, the conclusion was that an EC_a survey on flooded fields has an added value to precision soil management.  相似文献   

Milk progesterone enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as a tool to investigate ovarian cyclicity of water buffaloes in relation to body condition score and milk production     

Turgish A Banu  Mohammed Shamsuddin  Jayonta Bhattacharjee  Mohammad F Islam  Saiful I Khan  Jalal U Ahmed 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2012,54(1):30

Background

Application of assisted reproductive technologies in buffaloes is limited to some extent by farmers’ inability to detect oestrus because of its poor expression. The present study aimed at investigating reliability of a milk progesterone enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to assess the ovarian cyclicity during post partum, oestrus and post-breeding periods in water buffaloes.

Methods

Progesterone concentrations were measured by an ELISA in milk of 23 postpartum buffaloes in relation to oestrus, pregnancy, body condition score (BCS) and milk production. Two milk samples were taken at 10 days intervals, every month starting from day 30 and continued to day 150 post partum. BCS and milk production were recorded during sample collection. Milk samples from bred buffaloes were collected at Day 0 (day of breeding), Days 10–12 and Days 22–24. Defatted milk was preserved at −80°C until analysis. Pregnancy was confirmed by palpation per rectum on Days 70–90.

Results

Seventeen buffaloes had 47 ovulatory cycles, one to four in each, 13 were detected in oestrus once (28 % oestrus detection rate). Progesterone concentration ≥1 ng/ml in one of the two 10-day-interval milk samples reflected ovulation and corpus luteum formation. The intervals between calving to first luteal activity and to first detected oestrus varied from 41 to 123 days (n = 17) and 83 to 135 (n = 13) days, respectively. Eight buffaloes were bred in the course of the study and seven were found pregnant. These buffaloes had a progesterone profile of low (<1 ng/ml), high (≥ 1 ng/ml) and high (≥ 1 ng/ml) on Day 0, Days 10–12 and Days 22–24, respectively. Buffaloes cycling later in the postpartum period had fewer missed oestruses (P < 0.05). Buffaloes with a superior BCS had a shorter calving to oestrus interval and produced more milk (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Milk progesterone ELISA is a reliable tool for monitoring ovarian cyclicity and good BCS may be an indicator of resuming cyclicity in water buffalo.  相似文献