Differential antibody responses to Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in sheep with naturally acquired caseous lymphadenitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J A Ellis  D A Hawk  L D Holler  K W Mills  D L Pratt 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1990,196(10):1609-1613

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis cell wall and bacteria-free supernatant with exotoxin preparations as antigens, and hemolysis inhibition tests were used to detect antibodies in the sera of adult range sheep with naturally acquired caseous lymphadenitis (CL). The extent and severity of lesions were quantitated on the basis of a lesion score, derived from an examination of the carcass (peripheral lymphoid tissue) and viscera (including internal lymphoid tissue) at the time of slaughter. The overall prevalence of C pseudotuberculosis-positive CL lesions in 104 sheep was 31.7%. The cell wall ELISA detected antibodies in 96.9% (32/33) of sheep with C pseudotuberculosis-positive CL lesions. The exotoxin ELISA detected antibodies in 84.8% (28/33) of positive sheep in the same group. Both ELISA resulted in a high number of apparent false-positives, with 64.7% and 49.2%, respectively, positive optical density (OD) values in sheep with no gross CL lesions and no apparent C pseudotuberculosis infection. There was no significant relationship between the extent of lesion development (lesion score) and OD values in both cell wall (r = 0.472) and exotoxin (r = 0.464) ELISA. Similarly, there was no significant relationship between the titer of antitoxin antibodies, as measured by the hemolysis inhibition test, and the extent of disease. These investigations indicate that those ELISA that use crude C pseudotuberculosis antigens are of questionable utility in the field, where C pseudotuberculosis infection is endemic in many sheep populations. Furthermore, these studies suggest that antibodies that are reactive with components of C pseudotuberculosis and that develop in response to infection may have little impact on the recovery of the host.  相似文献   

Mild to moderate overweight in dogs: is there an impact on routine hematological and biochemical profiles,echocardiographic parameters and cardiac autonomic modulation?     

Vieira  Aline Bomfim  Restrepo  Mariana Alvarez  Auzenne  Danielle  Molina  Kevin  O’Sullivan  Meghan  Machado  Marcus Vinicius  Cavanaugh  Sarah Marie 《Veterinary research communications》2022,46(2):527-535

Veterinary Research Communications - Obesity is considered the most common nutritional disease of dogs. Even though overt obesity is more likely to impair health, even moderately overweight dogs...  相似文献   

Green tea polyphenol extract regulates the expression of genes involved in glucose uptake and insulin signaling in rats fed a high fructose diet   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Cao H  Hininger-Favier I  Kelly MA  Benaraba R  Dawson HD  Coves S  Roussel AM  Anderson RA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(15):6372-6378

Green tea has antidiabetic, antiobesity, and anti-inflammatory activities in animal models, but the molecular mechanisms of these effects have not been fully understood. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to investigate the relative expression levels and the effects of green tea (1 and 2 g solid extract/kg diet) on the expression of glucose transporter family genes (Glut1/Slc2a1, Glut2/Slc2a2, Glut3/Slc2a3, and Glut4/Slc2a4) and insulin signaling pathway genes (Ins1, Ins2, Insr, Irs1, Irs2, Akt1, Grb2, Igf1, Igf2, Igf1r, Igf2r, Gsk3b, Gys1, Pik3cb, Pik3r1, Shc1, and Sos1) in liver and muscle of rats fed a high-fructose diet known to induce insulin resistance and oxidative stress. Glut2 and Glut4 were the major Glut mRNAs in rat liver and muscle, respectively. Green tea extract (1 g) increased Glut1, Glut4, Gsk3b, and Irs2 mRNA levels by 110, 160, 30, and 60% in the liver, respectively, and increased Irs1 by 80% in the muscle. Green tea extract (2 g) increased Glut4, Gsk3b, and Pik3cb mRNA levels by 90, 30, and 30% but decreased Shc1 by 60% in the liver and increased Glut2, Glut4, Shc1, and Sos1 by 80, 40, 60, and 50% in the muscle. This study shows that green tea extract at 1 or 2 g/kg diet regulates gene expression in the glucose uptake and insulin signaling pathway in rats fed a fructose-rich diet.  相似文献   

Glycoprofiling of bifidobacterial consumption of human milk oligosaccharides demonstrates strain specific, preferential consumption of small chain glycans secreted in early human lactation   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

LoCascio RG  Ninonuevo MR  Freeman SL  Sela DA  Grimm R  Lebrilla CB  Mills DA  German JB 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(22):8914-8919

The molecular basis by which human breast milk supports the development of a protective intestinal microbiome in infants is unknown. After lactose and lipids, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are quantitatively the third largest and most diverse component of breast milk. In this work, glycomic profiling of HMO consumption by bifidobacteria using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry reveals that one species, Bifidobacterium longum biovar infantis ATCC 15697, an isolate from the infant gut, preferentially consumes small mass oligosaccharides, representing 63.9% of the total HMOs available. These HMOs were detected in human breast milk at the onset and constantly through the first month of lactation by use of high performance liquid chromatography-chip time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Further characterization revealed that strain ATCC 15697 possesses both fucosidase and sialidase activities not present in the other tested strains. This work provides evidence that these small mass HMOs are selectively metabolized by select bifidobacterial strains and represent a potential new class of bioactive molecules functioning as prebiotics to facilitate a protective gut colonization in breast-fed newborns.  相似文献   

R.N. Williams (Ed.). Return to the River: Restoring Salmon to the Columbia River. Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam, 2005, 699 pp., Hardback, Price: £45, ISBN: 0-12-088414-3.     

Derek Mills   《Fisheries Research》2006,80(2-3):350-352

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Monitoring distances travelled by horses using GPS tracking collars     

BA Hampson  JM Morton  PC Mills  MG Trotter  DW Lamb  CC Pollitt 《Australian veterinary journal》2010,88(5):176-181

Objective The aims of this work were to (1) develop a low-cost equine movement tracking collar based on readily available components, (2) conduct preliminary studies assessing the effects of both paddock size and internal fence design on the movements of domestic horses, with and without foals at foot, and (3) describe distances moved by mares and their foals. Additional monitoring of free-ranging feral horses was conducted to allow preliminary comparisons with the movement of confined domestic horses. Procedures A lightweight global positioning system (GPS) data logger modified from a personal/vehicle tracker and mounted on a collar was used to monitor the movement of domestic horses in a range of paddock sizes and internal fence designs for 6.5-day periods. Results In the paddocks used (0.8–16 ha), groups of domestic horses exhibited a logarithmic response in mean daily distance travelled as a function of increasing paddock size, tending asymptotically towards approximately 7.5 km/day. The distance moved by newborn foals was similar to their dams, with total distance travelled also dependent on paddock size. Without altering available paddock area, paddock design, with the exception of a spiral design, did not significantly affect mean daily distance travelled. Feral horses (17.9 km/day) travelled substantially greater mean daily distances than domestic horses (7.2 km/day in 16-ha paddock), even when allowing for larger paddock size. Conclusions Horses kept in stables or small yards and paddocks are quite sedentary in comparison with their feral relatives. For a given paddock area, most designs did not significantly affect mean daily distance travelled.  相似文献   

Antigen specificity and activity of ovine antibodies induced by immunization with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis culture filtrate   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J A Ellis  D A Hawk  K W Mills  D L Pratt 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1991,28(3-4):303-316

Sheep were immunized three times with a vaccine composed of filtrate from a 36 h culture of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and a block polymer adjuvant. Immunization resulted in the development of exotoxin-neutralizing antibody. This corresponded to the recognition of a 31.6 kDa protein on sequential immunoblots of ammonium sulfate-precipitated filtrate. In addition sera from vaccinated sheep recognized at least eight bacterial cellular antigens on immunoblots of ether-extracted C. pseudotuberculosis, including bands of 12, 25.1, 31.6, 36.3, 39.8, 63.1, 70, 75 or 79.4 kDa. Sera from these sheep altered the colony growth characteristics of C. pseudotuberculosis in vitro. These results indicate that immunization with soluble C. pseudotuberculosis in vitro. These results indicate that immunization with soluble C. pseudotuberculosis antigen preparations that have been used in toxoid vaccines induces antibody responses to numerous cellular antigens in addition to exotoxin and suggest that serologically mediated antibacterial effects could be an important component in the protection from disease that has been reported following immunization with C. pseudotuberculosis toxoids.  相似文献   

Total diet study. Section C: pesticide residue content. 1963     

P A Mills 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1990,73(5):657-660

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Characterization of flavonols in cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) powder     

Vvedenskaya IO  Rosen RT  Guido JE  Russell DJ  Mills KA  Vorsa N 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(2):188-195

Flavonoids were extracted from cranberry powder with acetone and ethyl acetate and subsequently fractionated with Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The fraction eluted with a 60% methanol solution was composed primarily of phenolic constituents with maximum absorbance at 340 nm. A high-performance liquid chromatography procedure was developed, which resolved 22 distinct peaks with UV/vis and mass spectra corresponding to flavonol glycoside conjugates. Six new constituents not previously reported in cranberry or in cranberry products were determined through NMR spectroscopy to be myricetin-3-beta-xylopyranoside, quercetin-3-beta-glucoside, quercetin-3-alpha-arabinopyranoside, 3'-methoxyquercetin-3-alpha-xylopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-(6' '-p-coumaroyl)-beta-galactoside, and quercetin-3-O-(6' '-benzoyl)-beta-galactoside. Quercetin-3-O-(6' '-p-coumaroyl)-beta-galactoside and quercetin-3-O-(6' '-benzoyl)-beta-galactoside represent a new class of cranberry flavonol compounds with three conjugated components consisting of a flavonol, sugar, and carboxylic acid (benzoic or hydroxycinnamic acids). This is also the first report identifying quercetin-3-arabinoside in both furanose and pyranose forms in cranberry. Elucidation of specific flavonol glycosides in cranberry is significant since the specificity of the sugar moiety may play a role in the bioavailability of the flavonol glycosides in vivo.  相似文献   

Phospholipid interactions protect the milk allergen alpha-lactalbumin from proteolysis during in vitro digestion     

Moreno FJ  Mackie AR  Mills EN 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(25):9810-9816

Interactions with food components may alter the resistance of food proteins to digestion, a property thought to play an important role in determining allergenic properties. The kinetics of breakdown of the bovine milk allergen alpha-lactalbumin during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion was found to be altered by interactions with physiologically relevant levels of phosphatidylcholine (PC), a surfactant that is abundant both in milk and is actively secreted by the stomach. Breakdown during gastric digestion was slowed in the presence of PC and accompanied by small alterations in the profile of resulting peptides, with little effect being observed during subsequent duodenal digestion. alpha-Lactalbumin was found to unfold at gastric (acid) pH, giving a CD spectrum similar to that obtained for the partially folded state it is known to adopt at pH values below its isoelectric point. Fluorescence polarization studies performed at low pH indicated that this partially unfolded form of the protein was able to penetrate into the PC vesicles. These interactions are probably responsible for the slowing of gastric digestion by reducing the accessibility of the protein to pepsin. These findings show that interactions with other food components, such as lipids, may alter the rate of breakdown of food proteins in the gastrointestinal tract. It underlines the importance of the food matrix in affecting patterns of food allergen digestion and hence presentation to the immune system and that in vitro digestion systems used for assessing digestibility of allergens must take account of surfactants.  相似文献