Serum ferritin levels associated with increased risk for developing CHD in a low-income urban population     

Olesnevich ME  Kuczmarski MF  Mason M  Fang C  Zonderman AB  Evans MK 《Public health nutrition》2012,15(7):1291-1298

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Report of the late blight investigations committee     

R. Bonde  John Niederhauser  M. E. Gallegly  J. R. Wallin  K. Graham  Carl J. Eide  W. R. Mills 《American Journal of Potato Research》1959,36(11):421-423

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The effect of high correlated colour temperature office lighting on employee wellbeing and work performance     

Peter R Mills  Susannah C Tomkins  Luc JM Schlangen 《Journal of circadian rhythms》2007,5(1):2-9

Background  

The effects of lighting on the human circadian system are well-established. The recent discovery of 'non-visual' retinal receptors has confirmed an anatomical basis for the non-image forming, biological effects of light and has stimulated interest in the use of light to enhance wellbeing in the corporate setting.  相似文献   

The effects of skin disease on the penetration kinetics of hydrocortisone through canine skin in vitro     

Ahlstrom LA  Cross SE  Mills PC 《Veterinary dermatology》2011,22(6):482-489

This study investigated the effects of allergic skin disease on the penetration kinetics of hydrocortisone through canine skin in vitro. Full-thickness lesional and nonlesional (normal) skin was removed from the dorsal lumbosacral and dorsocaudal thoracic regions, respectively, of five canine cadavers. The dogs were suspected of having flea allergy dermatitis based on their distribution and types of skin lesions. Nonlesional skin was confirmed to be histologically normal, and the histopathology of the lesional skin was consistent with allergic dermatitis. Excised skin was clipped, mounted in Franz-type diffusion cells, and the transdermal penetration of a saturated, radiolabelled hydrocortisone solution was measured over 30 h. When the penetration data for all five dogs were pooled, a restricted (or residual) maximal likelihood mixed model predicted that the permeability coefficient and pseudosteady-state flux of hydrocortisone was more than twice as great (95% confidence interval 1.55-2.71 times as great; P < 0.0001) through lesional compared with nonlesional skin. There was no significant difference in the lag time for hydrocortisone penetration through lesional compared with nonlesional skin of the dogs. This study has confirmed that the transdermal penetration of hydrocortisone may be altered, typically increased twofold, but could be as high as 10-fold, through lesional compared with nonlesional skin of dogs with suspected flea allergy dermatitis. This is likely to be affected by variables such as disease severity, concurrent infections and interindividual differences in skin characteristics.  相似文献   

Influence of ammonium: Nitrate ratios on the growth and nitrogen uptake of pearl millet     

R. L. Smith  H. A. Mills  C. S. Hoveland  W. W. Hanna 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(5):541-553

Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is a potentially high‐yielding grain crop for the Southern Coastal Plain region of the USA. Information on the growth and N nutrition of pearl millet is limited; therefore, this study was initiated with the objective of studying pearl millet growth, N content, N uptake patterns and N‐form preference. Plants were grown in solution culture using a modified Hoagland's solution. Solutions were changed weekly and transpirational losses replaced daily. The N‐form ratios were 1:0, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3 and 0:1 NH₄ ⁺ to NO₃ ^‐ Uptake was determined by difference between the initial and final solutions. Nitrate and NH₄ ⁺ uptake patterns were different from each other and were influenced by the ratio of NH₄ ⁺ to NO₃ ^‐. After the plants had been transferred to the solutions, ammonium was preferred for the first two weeks, with NO₃ ^‐ preferred thereafter. Nitrate uptake was highest during the grain filling period. Plant growth as measured by leaf, stem, root, and seed weight, plant height, average seed weight, and head length was generally reduced as NH₄ ⁺ increased. The largest reduction was observed between the 3:1 and 1:0 ratios. Ammonium nutrition had an overall negative effect on pearl millet growth. Ammonium fertilization of pearl millet under conditions that increase absorption of NH₄ ⁺ over NO₃ ^‐ may have a negative effect on pearl millet growth and development.  相似文献   

Nitrapyrin,terrazole, atrazine and simazine influence on denitrification and corn growth     

Zana C. Somda  S.C. Phatak  H.A. Mills 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(9):1195-1208

In modern agriculture, long‐term soil fertility and crop productivity are maintained by a combination of inorganic fertilizers and pesticide inputs which, in turn, create environmental and health concerns. Therefore, studies were initiated to evaluate two commonly used herbicides (atrazine and simazine) and two biological nitrification inhibitors (nitrapyrin and terrazole) applied with NO₃‐N source fertilizer for their effects on denitrification and on corn (Zea mays L.) growth and yields. Each chemical applied at the rate of 10, 50, or 100 mg a.i. L^‐1 suppressed denitrification of NO₃ ^‐ in a liquid medium inoculated with a Tifton loamy sand in a laboratory study. Nitrapyrin and terrazole selectively suppressed NO₃ ^‐ or NO₂ ^‐ or both reduction while atrazine and simazine suppressed NO₂ ^‐ or N₂O or both reduction. In greenhouse pot culture studies, chemical application resulted in higher percent N recovery relative to the control. When atrazine or simazine was part of the chemical treatment, concentrations of NO₃ ^‐ and NO₂ ^‐ in corn (Zea mays L.) plants increased, and plant growth was restricted due to NO₂ ^‐ toxicity. During two consecutive years of field studies using split‐banded applications of N fertilization with nitrapyrin and terrazole, corn ear yields increased 78% and 25% in the first and second year, respectively. With atrazine and simazine, however, yields increased significantly in the first season only. Mixing either herbicide with nitrapyrin or terrazole had no effect on yields during both seasons.

Chemical Names: atrazine = [2‐chloro‐4‐ethylamino‐6‐isopropylamino‐s‐triazine]; simazine = [2‐chloro‐4,6‐bis(ethylamino)‐s‐triazine]; nitrapyrin = [2‐chloro‐6‐(trichloromethyl)pyridine]; terrazole = [ethoxy‐3‐trichloromethyl‐1,2,4‐thiadiazole].  相似文献   

Nutrient uptake and yield of sweet pepper as affected by stage of development and N form     

Hector R. Marti  Harry A. Mills 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(11):1165-1175

Uptake of NO₃ ^‐, NH₄ ⁺, P, K⁺⁺, Ca⁺⁺ and Mg⁺⁺, as influenced by the stage of plant development and three NO₃ ^‐: NH₄ ⁺ ratios (1: 0, 1: 1, and 0: 1), was determined for sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. ‘California Wonder'). Uptake was highest during fruit development and immediately after fruit harvest, indicating that fruit removal promotes nutrient uptake. When NO₃ ^‐ and NH₄ ⁺ were supplied in equal concentrations, NO₃ ^‐ was absorbed more readily. Each increment in NH₄ ⁺ decreased the uptake of K⁺, Ca⁺⁺, and Mg⁺⁺ by fruit tissue, while no significant effect on the N and P content of the fruit was observed. Ammonium nutrition reduced plant dry weight and fruit yield in comparison to NO₃ ^‐. Results from this study suggest that NO₃ ^‐ is the preferred N form, and that fertilizer application should be scheduled according to specific physiological stages to maximize nutrient uptake. Nutrient content of vegetative tissue was not indicative of potential yield.  相似文献   

Calcium uptake and concentration in bell pepper plants as influenced by nitrogen form and stages of development     

Hector R. Marti  Harry A. Mills 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(11):1177-1185

Calcium uptake by bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. ‘California Wonder') varied by stage of plant development and N form supplied (NO₃ ^‐NH₄ ⁺ ratios: 1:0, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3, and 0:1) in a hydroponic study. Uptake of Ca⁺⁺ was highest at bloom and during fruit expansion, making the fruit development stage the highest demand period. Calcium uptake declined with each increasing increment of NH₄ ⁺ relative to NO₃ ^‐ supplied, although fruit yield was not significantly reduced until the ratio of NH₄ ⁺ to NO₃ ^‐ exceeded 50%. Tissue Ca⁺⁺ levels in the blossom‐end of the fruit were reduced whenever NH₄ ⁺ was included with N supplied. Vegetative yield of plants followed the same trend as that observed for total fruit dry weights. Our results indicate that pepper yields are higher when NO₃ ^‐ is the predominant form of N. Also, these results strongly suggest that Ca⁺⁺ fertilizer applications should precede the bloom period and continue during fruit development to ensure adequate Ca⁺⁺ availability for fruit development.  相似文献   

Effect of N‐form on growth and nutrient content of creeping bentgrass 1     

James N. McCrimmon  Harry A. Mills  Keith J. Karnok 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(8):1235-1252

Abstract

The primary nitrogen forms utilized by plants are ammonium and nitrate. Although the importance of nutrients other than nitrogen for proper turfgrass growth is well established, the amounts of these nutrients in the plant tissue in relation to the use of different N‐forms has not been clearly documented. This study was conducted under greenhouse conditions to determine the effect of N‐form and cutting regime on growth, macronutrient, and micronutrient content of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds. ‘Penncross'). Treatments consisted of 100% NO3^? (calcium nitrate), 100% NH₄ ⁺ (ammonium sulfate), and a 50:50 ratio of NH₄ ⁺:NO₃ ^?. Half the turfgrass plants were maintained at a height of 1 cm (cut), while the other half of the plants were not cut until the end of the study (uncut). The uncut 50:50 treatment yielded the highest shoot, verdure, and total plant dry matter, while the uncut NO₃ ^? treatment produced the highest root dry matter. The uncut NH₄ ⁺ treatment yielded the least shoot, root, and total plant dry matter. Plants of the uncut NO₃ ^? treatment had greater accumulation of macronutrients in the shoot and root tissue compared to plants of the NH₄ ⁺ treatment. The uncut NO₃ ^? and 50:50 treatments had higher total accumulation of micronutrients compared to the uncut NH₄ ⁺‐treated plants. The cut NO₃ ^? treatment resulted in the highest macronutrient and micronutrient contents in the root tissue in comparison to other cut treatments. The cut treatments had the highest percentage accumulation of nutrients in the verdure tissue, while the uncut treatments had the highest percentage accumulation of nutrients in the shoot tissue.  相似文献   

Injury of leatherleaf fern and tomato from volatilized ammonia after fertilizer application     

A. W. Schumann  H.A. Mills 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(3-4):573-593

Abstract

A commercially blended 7–2–11 fertilizer containing 27 g ? kg^‐1 soluble ammoniacal nitrogen (NH₄‐N) was evaluated for ammonia (NH₃) volatilization and injury to leatherleaf fern (Rumohra adiantiformis) and an indicator plant, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Closed system laboratory incubation studies on pH‐buffered sand medium indicated a very highly significant response (p≤0.001) of NH₃ volatilization to sand pH. The greatest risk from NH₃ emissions at pH 8.6 and 32°C appeared to be in the 5 to 70 hour period after fertilizer application. Gypsum (CaSO₄) did not affect NH₃ volatilization. Ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) was identified as the main source of NH₃ volatilization from this fertilizer formulation, while on an equal mass basis, ammonium sulphate [(NH₄)₂SO₄] was more important. Both tomato and immature leatherleaf fern fronds were highly sensitive to volatilized NH₃ from the fertilizer. A critical phytotoxic NH₃(aq) concentration in sand solution of 0.14 mM was estimated for immature fern fronds. Mature fern fronds were significantly more tolerant of NH₃ emissions, which may explain their observed resistance to NH₃ injury in the field. Assessment of selected soil and irrigation water pH's from a leatherleaf fern growing area in Florida indicated a strong likelihood that volatilized NH₃ injury to foliage can occur under field conditions.  相似文献