Brewing by-products: their use as animal feeds.     

Michael L Westendorf  James E Wohlt 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2002,18(2):233-252

Brewers grains, a by-product of beer production, are often used as a livestock feed. Because brewers grains provide protein, fiber, and energy, they can be useful in a variety of diets. Protein in brewers grains can meet a significant portion of supplemental protein requirements; in addition, they provide fiber and needed bulk in the diets of ruminants and horses. Brewers grains and other brewers by-products have also been fed to pigs, sheep, and poultry. Currently, the primary market for wet brewers grains is as a dairy cattle feed; however, some may be fed to beef cattle in feedlots. Brewers grains have historically been marketed wet or dry, but wet brewers grains currently make up the majority of the marketed product. Brewers grains provide protein, energy, and fiber in livestock diets, but product variability can influence their utilization and necessitate a testing program to determine nutrient content.  相似文献   

Genetic analysis and phenotypic associations for drought tolerance in Hordeum spontaneum introgression lines using SSR and SNP markers     

Berhane Lakew  Robert J. Henry  Salvatore Ceccarelli  Stefania Grando  Jason Eglinton  Michael Baum 《Euphytica》2013,189(1):9-29

Associations between markers and drought related traits were investigated on a set of 57 advanced barley breeding lines, carrying various levels of introgression from Hordeum spontaneum lines 41-1 and 41-5, the best sources of drought tolerance in the ICARDA barley breeding program, using 74 simple sequences repeats (SSR) and 20 single nucleotide polymorphism markers. The 57 lines were evaluated for grain yield and drought related traits for three years (2003/04, 2004/05, 2005/06) in nine Mediterranean low rainfall environments. A high level of polymorphism was found with SSR markers, and the mean polymorphism information content and gene diversity values were 0.67 and 0.71, respectively. The number of alleles per locus varied from 2 to 11, with an average of 5.8 alleles per marker. Considering all the 57 lines, the linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis was significant at a comparison-wise P?<?0.01 level in nearly 9 % of the SSR marker pairs used and a decay of LD was observed to a value of r ²?<?0.2 at a genetic distance of 40?cM. The association analysis revealed a total of 147 significant marker?Ctrait associations for grain yield and drought related traits. A total of 72 (49 %) marker?Ctrait associations showed favorable effects of the exotic germplasm where the H. spontaneum lines contributed to an improvement of the trait under drought stress conditions. The number of significant marker?Ctrait associations per trait were: 12 for growth habit; 2 for growth vigor; 11 for peduncle extrusion; 5 for number of grains per spike; 20 for peduncle length; 16 for days to heading; 20 for plant height; 8 for spike length; 17 for thousand kernel weight; 30 for grain yield; 4 for harvest index and 2 for biological yield. The phenotypic variation explained by individual marker?Ctrait associations ranged from 7.6 % to 36.2 %. The identification of genomic regions associated with grain yield and drought related traits is useful for the genetic improvement of cultivars better adapted to drought stress environments. Thus, the present study is encouraging in identifying significant marker?Ctrait associations through LD based association mapping analysis, which could complement and augment previous quantitative trait loci information for the potential use of Marker Assisted Selection for drought.  相似文献   

Comparison of different approaches for automatic bark detection on log images     

Julia K. Denzler  Andreas Weidenhiller  Michael Golser 《Wood Science and Technology》2013,47(4):749-761

The sawmilling industry stores and measures logs with bark in order to maximize efficiency, quality conservation and preservation. However since billing is based on the diameter under bark, it is necessary to differentiate between bark areas and wood areas automatically or via manual assignment. This paper compares different methodologies to automatically differentiate between these areas based on colour images of the log surface of two species, spruce and pine. Additionally, the performance of the different methodologies is evaluated using the proportion of correctly detected bark areas, correctly detected wood areas and the total amount of detected bark and wood areas. In the end, an algorithm taking into account colour and texture information was found to perform well on both species. Based on a larger dataset, this methodology has the potential to detect the diameter under bark based on measurements of logs with bark.  相似文献   

Vascular Diseases in Birds of Prey     

Michael P. Jones 《Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine》2013,22(4):348-357

In birds of prey, vascular disease can be caused by a number of infectious or noninfectious agents and is in all likelihood underdiagnosed. This review attempts to provide a discussion of the available literature regarding vascular diseases in raptors by describing a number of conditions or etiological agents (e.g., atherosclerosis, aneurysms, bacterial and septicemic conditions, thromboembolic disease, and viral, fungal, parasitic, and miscellaneous diseases) and the vascular pathology that may occur with each.  相似文献   

Ochetostoma Erythrogrammon (Leuckart & Rüppell 1828) (Echiurida) from Isipingo Beach,Natal, South Africa     

Michael Webb 《African Zoology》2013,48(2):521-532

The first record of O. erythrogrammon from Isipingo was found in a crevice at the high-water mark. The specimen has a mucilaginous cap covering the posterior end of the trunk. The anatomy shows that the intestinal siphon terminates posteriorly at the opening of the rectal diverticulum into the rectum. There is a pair of anal vesicles beset with numerous stalked ciliated funnels. Replacement setae are found associated with each of the two functional setae. Each nephridium is provided with a single outgrowth which divides into two coiled appendages. There are 12 muscle bundles of limited extent.  相似文献   

A Novel Mouse Model for Frostbite Injury     

Lauren J. Auerbach  Michael G. Galvez  Brittney K. De Clerck  Jason Glotzbach  Mackenzie R. Wehner  Edward I. Chang  Geoffrey C. Gurtner  Paul S. Auerbach 《The Forestry Chronicle》2013,24(2):94-104

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Jumping Sturgeon in the Suwannee River     

Coben D. Thorn  Michael L. Falgiani 《The Forestry Chronicle》2013,24(3):298-299

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Understanding the ecology of wireworms and improving their control: a special issue     

Michael Traugott  Nikolaus Schallhart  Karin Staudacher  Corinna Wallinger 《Journal of pest science》2013,86(1):1-2

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Foaling Rates After Surgical Repair of Ventral Cervical Lacerations Using a Trendelenburg Position in 18 Anesthetized Mares     

John Mark O' Leary BVMS  Dwayne Rodgerson DVM  MSc  Diplomate ACVS  Michael Spirito DVM  Jorge Gomez MVZ  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2013,42(6):716-720

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Effects of substituting soya bean meal (SBM) with blood meal (BM) on biochemical profile of pregnant pigs     

Festus Otaka Abonyi  Ndubuisi Samuel Machebe  Michael Sunday Ezea  James I. Eze  Benjamin Chigozie Omeke  Benjamin Nwabueze Marire 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(4):957-963

Twenty-four Large White × Landrace crossbreed primigravid pigs, aged 7.50 to 8.00 months weighing between 86.15 and 88.24 kg were used to study the effects of feeding graded levels of soya bean meal (SBM) replaced blood meal (BM) diets on serum biochemical profile in gestating pigs. The pigs were randomly allotted to four finisher diets formulated such that BM replaced SBM at 0.0, 50.0, 75.0 and 100.0 %, respectively. The diets were T1 (100.0 % SBM, 0.0 % BM), T2 (50.0 % SBM, 50.0 % BM), T3 (25.0 % SBM, 75.0 % BM) and T4 (0.0 % SBM, 100.0 % BM). Individual animal’s daily ration of the test diets was 2.20, 2.00 and 2.50 kg at stages one, two and three of gestation. Blood sampling and analysis for the effects of the test diets on biochemical profile of the experimental animals were carried out prior to conception, at weeks 3, 7 and 11 of gestation, respectively. The result showed no significant (P?≥?0.05) dietary treatment effects on total protein, albumin, globulin fraction, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine and urea profile of the pigs fed with BM diets when compared to the control fed with 100.0 % SBM. There was however a significant (P?≤?0.05) variation in these biochemical indices in all the experimental groups at different stages of gestation. It was concluded that BM can replace 100.0 % of SBM in the diets of pregnant pigs in the tropical humid environment without any deleterious effect on their health.  相似文献