Evaluation of osseous‐associated cervical spondylomyelopathy in dogs using kinematic magnetic resonance imaging          下载免费PDF全文

Michele Provencher  Amy Habing  Sarah A. Moore  Laurie Cook  Gary Phillips  Ronaldo C. da Costa 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2017,58(4):411-421

Osseous‐associated cervical spondylomyelopathy in dogs is characterized by both static and dynamic spinal cord compression; however, standard MRI methods only assess static compression. In humans with cervical spondylotic myelopathy, kinematic MRI is commonly used to diagnose dynamic spinal cord compressions. The purpose of this prospective, analytical study was to evaluate kinematic MRI as a method for characterizing the dynamic component of osseous‐associated cervical spondylomyelopathy in dogs. We hypothesized that kinematic MRI would allow visualization of spinal cord compressions that were not identified with standard imaging. Twelve client‐owned dogs with osseous‐associated cervical spondylomyelopathy were enrolled. After standard MRI confirmed a diagnosis of osseous‐associated cervical spondylomyelopathy, a positioning device was used to perform additional MRI sequences with the cervical vertebral column flexed and extended. Morphologic and morphometric (spinal cord height, intervertebral disc width, spinal cord width, vertebral canal height, and spinal cord area) assessments were recorded for images acquired with neutral, flexion, and extension imaging. A total of 25 compressions were seen with neutral positioning, while extension identified 32 compressions. There was a significant association between extension positioning and presence of a compressive lesion at C4‐C5 (p = 0.02). Extension was also associated with a change in the most severe site of compression in four out of 12 (33%) dogs. None of the patients deteriorated neurologically after kinematic imaging. We concluded that kinematic MRI is a feasible method for evaluating dogs with osseous‐associated cervical spondylomyelopathy, and can reveal new compressions not seen with neutral positioning.  相似文献   

The effect of crate height on the behavior of female turkeys during commercial pre‐slaughter transportation          下载免费PDF全文

Guido Di Martino  Katia Capello  Anna Lisa Stefani  Luca Tripepi  Angelica Garbo  Marina Speri  Matteo Trolese  Michele Brichese  Stefano Marangon  Lebana Bonfanti 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(10):1651-1657

Limited information is available on suitable height of transport crates for turkeys. We compared behaviors and physiological indicators of four groups of 10 female turkeys each confined in either conventional (38.5 cm height) or experimental (77 cm height) crates during six commercial pre‐slaughter transportations for 86 km (76 ± 4 min) along two tracts with one‐lane streets, crossroads, bends, roundabouts (S1 and S2) and a highway tract (H) between S1 and S2. Only 36% of birds in the higher crates maintained a standing position. In conventional versus experimental crates, the frequency of rising attempts was five/bird/hour versus less than one/bird/hour, while wing flapping was seven/bird/hour versus 20/bird/hour, and balance loss was one versus four/bird/hour. The behaviors of both groups differed significantly according to the route tract, with a lower frequency of stress‐related behaviors at H. No scratches, fractures or hematomas were detected in any birds after transportation. Crate height had no significant effect on hemato‐biochemical markers. These results suggest that crates enabling a standing position may increase potentially dangerous behaviors. Moreover, busy and curvy routes should be avoided, as they may contribute to increasing the frequency of stress‐related behaviors.  相似文献