Potent antiviral flavone glycosides from Ficus benjamina leaves     

Yarmolinsky L  Huleihel M  Zaccai M  Ben-Shabat S 《Fitoterapia》2012,83(2):362-367

Crude ethanol extracts from Ficus benjamina leaves strongly inhibit Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1/2) as well as Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) cell infection in vitro. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the crude extract demonstrated that the most efficient inhibition of HSV-1 and HSV-2 was obtained with the flavonoid fraction. The present study was aimed to further isolate, purify and identify substances with potent antiviral activity from the flavonoid fraction of F. benjamina extracts. Flavonoids were collected from the leaf ethanol extracts through repeated purification procedure and HPLC analysis. The antiviral activity of each substance was then evaluated in cell culture. Three known flavone glycosides, (1) quercetin 3-O-rutinoside, (2) kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside and (3) kaempferol 3-O-robinobioside, showing highest antiviral efficiency were selected and their structure was determined by spectroscopic analyses including NMR and mass spectrometry (MS). These three flavones were highly effective against HSV-1 reaching a selectivity index (SI) of 266, 100 and 666 for compound 1, 2 and 3, respectively, while the SI of their aglycons, quercetin and kaempferol amounted only in 7.1 and 3.2, respectively. Kaempferol 3-O-robinobioside showed similar SI to that of acyclovir (ACV), the standard anti-HSV drug. Although highly effective against HSV-1 and HSV-2, these flavone glycosides did not show any significant activity against VZV.  相似文献   

Detection of antibodies to tuberculosis antigens in free-ranging lions (Panthera leo) infected with Mycobacterium bovis in Kruger National Park, South Africa     

Miller M  Joubert J  Mathebula N  De Klerk-Lorist LM  Lyashchenko KP  Bengis R  van Helden P  Hofmeyr M  Olea-Popelka F  Greenwald R  Esfandiari J  Buss P 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2012,43(2):317-323

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Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides and Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B differentially modulate inflammatory microRNAs in bovine monocytes     

Dilda F  Gioia G  Pisani L  Restelli L  Lecchi C  Albonico F  Bronzo V  Mortarino M  Ceciliani F 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2012,192(3):514-516

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of regulatory molecules involved in many physiological processes, including activation of cells of the immune system. This study investigated the effect of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB) on the expression of five miRNAs involved in the inflammatory response, including miR-9, miR-125 b, miR-155, miR-146 a and miR-223, in bovine CD14(+) cells (monocytes). Incubation of monocytes with SEB induced down-regulation of miR-155, miR-223 and miR-125 b, but not the anti-inflammatory miRNA miR-146 a. Conversely, incubation with LPS upregulated both miR-155 and miR-146 a. In vitro incubation of isolated CD14(+) bovine monocytes with LPS and SEB elicited different and opposite expression of miRNAs reportedly involved in inflammatory reactions.  相似文献   

Durum wheat varieties in N‐deficient environments and organic farming: a comparison of yield,quality and stability performances     

Fabio Stagnari  Andrea Onofri  Pasquale Codianni  Michele Pisante 《Plant Breeding》2013,132(3):266-275

Stability and reliability of yield and quality for 15 durum wheat genotypes (old and modern) were evaluated in a 5‐year experiment (southern Italy) in organic farming. Genotypes were grown at two N levels (0 and 80 kg/ha), with the aim of evaluating ‘genotype × environment’ (GE) interactions and their role on genotype selection in N‐limited environments. Several approaches to stability were used, within the frame of mixed models and additive main effects and multiplicative interaction analysis, and their validity in stressful conditions and organic farming was discussed. Especially for protein and gluten content, results indicate high environmental variability and the presence of crossover ‘N × environment’ interactions, which supports the need for specific breeding programmes in N‐deficient environments. The average response was strongly affected by N availability (on average, yield was 2.95 and 3.42 t/ha, protein content was 11.6% and 12.85%, gluten content was 8.55% and 9.92%, respectively, at 0 and 80 kg N/ha), and few genotypes gave high yield and quality at both fertilization levels. Only ‘Gargano’ and ‘Fortore’ showed a good inter‐year stability at both N levels. The old cultivars gave minimal responsiveness to increased N input, but gave good results in limiting conditions, indicating that they may play a role in organic farming.  相似文献   

Influence of time of food administration on daily rhythm of total locomotor activity in ponies     

Giuseppe Piccione  Claudia Giannetto  Simona Marafioti  Michele Panzera  Anna Assenza  Francesco Fazio 《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2013,8(1):40-45

The activity rhythm can be entrained by nonphotic cues, especially food availability. Daily feeding schedules can act as “Zeitgeber” to synchronize the circadian system. In this study, the authors evaluated the influence of different feeding schedules on the daily rhythm of total locomotor activity in ponies. Six clinically healthy Shetland ponies were kept under natural 12/12-h light/dark cycle and monitored during 4 different feeding schedules: fed twice (at 8 am and 8 pm), fasted, fed at 8 pm, fed at 8 am, and fed twice a day again. Water was available ad libitum. To record total activity, we equipped the animals with actigraphy-based data loggers (Actiwatch-Mini). Two-way analysis of variance revealed a significant main effect of the time of day and no effect of feeding schedules on the amount of total locomotor activity. Locomotor activity showed daily rhythmicity in all experimental conditions, with diurnal acrophase. The amplitude of the rhythms and their robustness statistically changed across all experimental conditions. Our findings support the theory that when given essentially free choice hay, the time of feeding did not entrain activity, and suggest that feeding behavior can influence the distribution of locomotor activity during a 24-hour period in ponies, with changes in the amplitude and robustness of the rhythm.  相似文献   

Snow gliding and loading under two different forest stands: a case study in the north-western Italian Alps     

Davide Viglietti  Margherita Maggioni  Enrico Bruno  Ermanno Zanini  Michele Freppaz 《林业研究》2013,24(4):633-642

The presence of a thick snowpack could interfere with forest stability, especially on steep slopes with potential damages for young and old stands. The study of snow gliding in forests is rather comple...  相似文献   

Experimental and Clinical Evaluation of Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Ureteronephrectomy in Dogs     

Philipp D. Mayhew BVM&S  Diplomate ACVS  Stephen J. Mehler DVM  Diplomate ACVS  Kelli N. Mayhew VMD  Diplomate ACVS  Michele A. Steffey DVM  Diplomate ACVS  William T. N. Culp VMD  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2013,42(5):565-571

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Effects of a Cross‐linked Hyaluronic Acid Based Gel on the Healing of Open Wounds in Dogs     

Heather S. Hadley DVM  Bryden J. Stanley BVMS  MVetSc  Diplomate ACVS  Michele C. Fritz BS  LVT  Joe G. Hauptman DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS  Barbara A. Steficek DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVP 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2013,42(2):161-169

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Bioactive constituent production in St. John's Wort in vitro hairy roots. Regenerated plant lines     

Bertoli A  Giovannini A  Ruffoni B  Guardo AD  Spinelli G  Mazzetti M  Pistelli L 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(13):5078-5082

A wild strain of Agrobacterium rhizogenes was used to regenerate twelve in vitro plant lines from different hairy roots of H. perforatum (St. John's Wort). The production of the main bioactive constituents was observed even though their yields varied in the different plant lines. Two lines were selected for the hyperoside production (4.9-4.6 mg/gdw) while nine were characterized by significant yields of chlorogenic acid (ranged from 0.47 to 1.09 mg/gdw). Furthermore, one out of twelve lines showed a 10-fold higher hypericin content (0.25 mg/gdw) than that reported for the in vitro shoots in the literature. Morphological and phytochemical features were determined in order to select H. perforatum genotypes enriched in valuable bioactive compounds.  相似文献   

Effects of fly attack (Bactrocera oleae) on the phenolic profile and selected chemical parameters of olive oil     

Gómez-Caravaca AM  Cerretani L  Bendini A  Segura-Carretero A  Fernández-Gutiérrez A  Del Carlo M  Compagnone D  Cichelli A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(12):4577-4583

The phenolic fraction of virgin olive oil influences both its quality and oxidative stability. One of the principal threats of the quality of olive fruit is the olive fly ( Bactrocera oleae) as it alters the chemical composition. The attack of this olive pest has been studied in order to evaluate its influence on the quality of virgin olive oil (free acidity, peroxide value, fatty acid composition, water content, oxidative stability, phenols, and antioxidant power of phenolic fraction). The study was performed using several virgin olive oils obtained from olives with different degrees of fly infestation. They were acquired in different Italian industrial mills from the Abruzzo region. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of phenolic profiles were performed by capillary electrophoresis-diode array detection, and electrochemical evaluation of the antioxidant power of the phenolic fraction was also carried out. These analyses demonstrated that the degree of fly attack was positively correlated with free acidity ( r = 0.77, p < 0.05) and oxidized products ( r = 0.58, p < 0.05), and negatively related to the oxidative stability index ( r = -0.54, p < 0.05) and phenolic content ( r = -0.50, p < 0.05), mainly with secoiridoid compounds. However, it has been confirmed that the phenolic fraction of olive oil depends on several parameters and that a clear correlation does not exist between the percentages of fly attack and phenolic content.  相似文献