Nocturnal/diurnal demand-feeding pattern of yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata under different keeping conditions   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jun Kohbara  Iwao Hidaka  Isao Kuriyama  Mitsushi Yamashita  Masasuke Ichikawa  Kiyoshi Furukawa  Katsumi Aida  F. Javier Sánchez-Vázquez and  Mitsuo Tabata 《Fisheries Science》2000,66(5):955-962

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Relative contributions from exposed inshore and estuarine nursery grounds to the recruitment of stone flounder, Platichthys bicoloratus, estimated using otolith Sr:Ca ratios     

Yoh Yamashita  Tsuguo Otake  & Hideaki Yamada 《Fisheries Oceanography》2000,9(4):316-327

In Sendai Bay, stone flounder larvae settle and spend their juvenile period in either shallow exposed inshore nursery grounds or estuarine nursery grounds. The purpose of this study is to examine the relative contributions of these two kinds of nursery grounds to the flounder population using otolith strontium:calcium ratios. Stone flounder juveniles were collected from both nursery grounds, and one- and two-year-old flounder were caught deeper in Sendai Bay. Sr and Ca content in the otoliths were measured by electron probe micro analysis. The Sr:Ca ratios in the otolith section corresponding to the early postsettlement period ranged from 3.06 to 3.85 for the exposed inshore areas with stable low temperature and high salinity conditions, and from 3.81 to 5.32 in brackish estuaries with high temperature and low salinity conditions but with large diel and tidal cyclical fluctuations. Values from an estuarine site with stable salinity ranged from 3.58 to 4.15 overlapping with both the above ranges. Rearing experiments supported our inference that the high otolith Sr:Ca ratios of juveniles inhabiting estuarine nursery grounds are attributable to higher temperature and physiological stress caused by the large diel temperature and salinity fluctuations within the estuaries. Estimation of the Sr:Ca ratio of recruited fish using the otolith section formed while in the nursery area showed that at least 20 out of 42 individuals examined originated from estuarine nursery grounds. The present study indicates that estuaries play an important role as nursery grounds for stone flounder, producing about half of the stock in spite of the small and restricted area compared with the wide expanse of the exposed inshore area.  相似文献   

Scomber japonicus, H. is a better candidate species for juvenile production activities than Scomber scombrus, L.     

Diego Mendiola  Yoh Yamashita  Michiya Matsuyama  Paula Alvarez  & Masaru Tanaka 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(10):1122-1127

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Pathological study of lead poisoning in whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus) in Japan.     

K Ochiai  K Jin  C Itakura  M Goryo  K Yamashita  N Mizuno  T Fujinaga  T Tsuzuki 《Avian diseases》1992,36(2):313-323

During spring 1989, thirty-three whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus) died at Lake Miyajima in Hokkaido, Japan; 15 were examined. The birds were diagnosed as having subacute lead poisoning due to ingestion of spent lead shot. The main gross findings were bile-stained liver, edematous or gelatinous bone marrow, bile-stained lining with hyperkeratosis and lead pellets in the gizzard, and proventricular impaction. Histopathologically, there was lead-hemolytic jaundice of the liver, hemosiderosis in the liver and spleen, and hypoplasia of the bone marrow with increased numbers of polychromatic erythroblasts. Acid-fast intranuclear inclusion bodies were seen in kidneys of seven swans. Under electron microscopy, inclusion bodies had frayed contours and consisted of high-electron-dense fine granules. The lead concentration of the liver ranged from 5.5 to 44.3 mg/kg wet weight. It was suggested that these changes resulted from excess breakdown of erythrocytes, inhibition of heme synthesis, and impaired erythropoiesis caused by lead shot.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics of procaterol in thoroughbred horses          下载免费PDF全文

K. Kusano  M. Nomura  K. Toju  Y. Ishikawa  Y. Minamijima  S. Yamashita  S. Nagata 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2016,39(3):264-270

Procaterol (PCR) is a beta‐2‐adrenergic bronchodilator widely used in Japanese racehorses for treating lower respiratory disease. The pharmacokinetics of PCR following single intravenous (0.5 μg/kg) and oral (2.0 μg/kg) administrations were investigated in six thoroughbred horses. Plasma and urine concentrations of PCR were measured using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Plasma PCR concentration following intravenous administration showed a biphasic elimination pattern. The systemic clearance was 0.47 ± 0.16 L/h/kg, the steady‐state volume of the distribution was 1.21 ± 0.23 L/kg, and the elimination half‐life was 2.85 ± 1.35 h. Heart rate rapidly increased after intravenous administration and gradually decreased thereafter. A strong correlation between heart rate and plasma concentration of PCR was observed. Plasma concentrations of PCR after oral administration were not quantifiable in all horses. Urine concentrations of PCR following intravenous and oral administrations were quantified in all horses until 32 h after administration. Urine PCR concentrations were not significantly different on and after 24 h between intravenous and oral administrations. These results suggest that the bioavailability of orally administrated PCR in horses is very poor, and the drug was eliminated from the body slowly based on urinary concentrations. This report is the first study to demonstrate the pharmacokinetic character of PCR in thoroughbred horses.  相似文献   

Randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of enrofloxacin as a second‐line antibiotic for treatment of acute Escherichia coli mastitis          下载免费PDF全文

Kazuhiro Kawai  Akira Takeda  Michiaki Yamada  Fumi Kayasaki  Nao Kondo  Yoshiko Sasaki  Nahoko Kanai  Takuma Mukai  Naoki Sawaguchi  Masaya Higuchi  Haruka Kondo  Kouki Sugimoto  Akane Yasuda  Aiko Watanabe 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(7):1033-1039

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of enrofloxacin (ERFX) as a second‐line antibiotic for treatment of acute Escherichia coli (E. coli) mastitis. Forty‐two cows with naturally occurring acute E. coli mastitis were enrolled. On the first day of treatment (day 0), empirically selected antibiotics (oxytetracycline: n = 32, kanamycin: n = 10) were administered. Although systemic signs improved in 10 cows (first‐line group), the signs remained unchanged or worsened in 32 cows on day 1, including two cows that were found dead. The 30 surviving cows were randomly assigned to second‐line groups constituting an ERFX group (n = 19) or a control group (n = 11) that was treated with other antibiotics. Response to each treatment was evaluated by measuring clinical signs from day 0 to day 3, subsequent quarter milk recovery, and the 60‐day survival rate. Appetite on day 3 was significantly better in the ERFX group compared to the control group. No significant differences were observed in the 60‐day survival rate or the subsequent milk recovery between the ERFX group and the control group. Thus, the use of ERFX as a second‐line antibiotic for the treatment of acute E. coli mastitis could induce a rapid appetite recovery.  相似文献   

Diagnostic accuracy of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations in cats with and without cardiomyopathies     

Y. Heishima  Y. Hori  K. Nakamura  Y. Yamashita  N. Isayama  N. Kanno  M. Katagi  H. Onodera  S. Yamano  Y. Aramaki 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2018,20(4):234-243

Objectives

Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) levels have been reported to be elevated in cats with cardiomyopathy. We investigated the diagnostic accuracy of plasma ANP concentration as an indicator of the severity of cardiomyopathies.

Animals

This study included 78 control cats and 83 cats with various types of cardiomyopathy.

Methods

This was a prospective multicentre study. Control cats were determined to have a normal heart, and diseased cats were diagnosed by echocardiography. Diseased cats were divided into asymptomatic cats without left atrial dilation (LAD), asymptomatic cats with LAD, and cats with heart failure. Plasma C-terminal ANP concentrations were measured using chemiluminescence.

Results

The median plasma ANP concentration in controls was 43.3 (interquartile range, 33.0–56.3) pg/mL. Plasma ANP values were significantly higher in the cardiomyopathic cats with LAD and heart failure, but the values in cats without LAD were comparable to those in control cats. To distinguish cats with cardiomyopathy from controls, a plasma ANP concentration >77.5 pg/mL afforded sensitivity of 66.3% and specificity of 84.6%. Use of plasma ANP concentration >110.9 pg/mL to identify cats with LAD had a sensitivity of 73.6% and specificity of 93.5%. The areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curve were 0.80 and 0.86.

Conclusions

Plasma ANP concentrations were higher in cats with more advanced cardiomyopathy. Although assaying the ANP concentration alone may not help to diagnose cardiac disease, measuring provides additional information that is useful for assessing the severity of cardiomyopathies.  相似文献   

Correction to: Dispersion and degradation of environmental DNA from caged fish in a marine environment     

Murakami  Hiroaki  Yoon  Seokjin  Kasai  Akihide  Minamoto  Toshifumi  Yamamoto  Satoshi  Sakata  Masayuki K.  Horiuchi  Tomoya  Sawada  Hideki  Kondoh  Michio  Yamashita  Yoh  Masuda  Reiji 《Fisheries Science》2019,85(6):1109-1109

Fisheries Science - In the original publication the text in right column of page 330, the sequences of primers were incorrectly published as.  相似文献   

Light-use properties in two sun-adapted shrubs with contrasting canopy structures     

Ishida A  Nakano T  Uemura A  Yamashita N  Tanabe H  Koike N 《Tree physiology》2001,21(8):497-504

We investigated the impact of high solar irradiance and elevated temperature on carbon gain by two, co-occurring, sun-adapted, dwarf shrub species, Planchonella obovata var. dubia (Koidz.) Hatusima and Hibiscus glaber Matsumura, growing on sun-exposed ridges in the Bonin Islands, in the subtropical Pacific Ocean. Planchonella had steeply inclined, longer lived, sclerophyllous leaves, whereas Hibiscus has thinner, more horizontally oriented, and shorter lived leaves. We tested the hypothesis that leaf physiological tolerance to high light is lower in Planchonella than in Hibiscus. Under relatively high irradiances (photosynthetic photon flux density, PPFD, > 500 micromol m(-2) s(-1)), net photosynthetic rate (P(n)) was about 8.0 and 0.4 micromol m(-2) s(-1) in mature and young leaves of Planchonella, and about 12.4 and 10.3 micromol m(-2) s(-1) in mature and young leaves of Hibiscus, respectively. Both P(n) and photosystem II (PSII) quantum yield at a given PPFD were lower in Planchonella than in Hibiscus, whereas non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) at a given PPFD was higher in Planchonella. When leaf discs were exposed to high light (1900 micromol m(-2) s(-1) PPFD) at 37, 40 or 43 degrees C for 3 h, the recovery of PSII quantum yield (F(v)/F(m)) in the following 60-min dark period was slower in Planchonella than in Hibiscus, indicating that the ability of PSII to tolerate high light and high temperature was less in Planchonella than in Hibiscus. We postulate that there is a linkage between leaf display and leaf photochemical ability in sun-adapted shrub species.  相似文献   

Comparison of two coniferous plantations in central Japan with respect to forest productivity, growth phenology and soil nitrogen dynamics     

Tamon Yamashita  Nobuhiko Kasuya  Sen Nishimura  Hiroshi Takeda 《Forest Ecology and Management》2004,200(1-3):215-226

Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa Endl.) and Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) are common species for plantation forestry in Japan. Cypress is conventionally planted on sites of low fertility whereas for cedar high fertility sites are used. Objectives of this study were to compare the productivities of cypress and cedar plantations grown on adjacent sites where common properties of soils, such as pH values and C and N contents, were similar, and to relate the N cycling at their site with productivities. The stem diameter of trees, aboveground litter production and fine root biomass were measured as indices of forest productivity. Parameters of N cycling included pools of total N and mineral N (ammonium + nitrate), annual N leaching, and potentially mineralizable N. The radial stem increment of the two tree species was similar. However, cedar site had higher total basal area and annual basal increment than cypress site reflecting higher tree density on the cedar site. Aboveground litter, fine root biomass, soil organic matter, and N turnover were higher on the cedar site than on the cypress site. However, litter production and fine root biomass per unit basal area was greater at the cypress site. Phenological pattern of stem growth and periodical litter production were similar for both species during the study period (1992–2000), but showed distinct annual variations caused by the fluctuation in the ambient temperature and precipitation. Mineral N content and the N mineralization potential were greater on the cedar site, indicating greater N availability and higher total tree productivity at the cedar site than those at the cypress site. When provided with more space in the canopy to expand more needles and in the soil to develop more fine roots to exploit sufficient resources, the individual cypress trees have the potential to grow faster. On fertile site and at lower tree density, thicker logs of cypress might be yielded.  相似文献