Quantitative Comparisons of Acidic Prealbumin (Pr) Phenotypes in Horses     

Nils Ek  Mikael Brnd 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1980,21(3):380

Comparisons of Pr protein amounts in horse sera have been performed using Mancini et al.’s (1965) immunodiffusion technique. Relative values against a chosen standard of 100 % were determined for a total of 435 horses.There was considerable variation between horses, the highest Pr value being 125 % and the lowest 50 % of the standard. In animals of the same Pr phenotype the mean Pr values were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in foals than in mares. In Norwegian Trotter horses the Pr value of Pr NN animals was significantly higher than that of Pr SS phenotypes, whereas the mean Pr values of Pr SS was significantly higher than that of Pr UU Warmblood Trotter horses, the Pr value of Pr SS being 90 % and the Pr-UU 80 % of that of Pr NN.No difference between sexes with regard to Pr values was found.  相似文献   

Isolation and characterization of a reovirus from common eiders (Somateria mollissima) from Finland   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Hollmén T  Franson JC  Kilpi M  Docherty DE  Hansen WR  Hario M 《Avian diseases》2002,46(2):478-484

Samples of brain, intestine, liver, lung, spleen, and bursa of Fabricius were collected from five common eider (Somateria mollissima) duckling carcasses during a die-off in the western Gulf of Finland (59 degrees 50'N, 23 degrees 15'E) in June 1996. No viral activity was observed in specific-pathogen-free chicken embryos inoculated with tissue suspensions, but samples of bursa of Fabricius from three birds were positive when inoculated into Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) embryo fibroblasts. The isolates were characterized as nonenveloped RNA viruses and possessed several characteristics of the genus Orthoreovirus. Virus particles were icosahedral with a mean diameter of 72 nm and were stable at pH 3.0; their genome was separated into 10 segments by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) ducklings experimentally infected with the eider reovirus showed elevated serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase enzymes and focal hemorrhages in the liver, spleen, and bursa of Fabricius. During 1997-99, the prevalence of neutralizing antibodies to the isolated virus ranged from 0 to 86% in 302 serum samples collected from incubating eider hens at three nesting areas along coastal Finland. The highest seroprevalence was found in Hanko in 1999, just weeks before reports of an uninvestigated mortality event resulting in the death of an estimated 98% of ducklings at that location. These findings raise the question of potential involvement of the virus in poor duckling survival and eider population declines observed in several breeding areas along coastal Finland since the mid-1980s.  相似文献   

Necrotizing encephalitis of unknown cause in Fennoscandian Arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus).     

Anna-Lena Berg  Dolores Gavier-Widén  Kristina Nilsson  Frederik Widén  Mikael Berg  Sune Gregorius  Erik Agren  Maria Erlandsson  Torsten M?rner 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2007,19(1):113-117

A neurologic disease affected a colony of endangered Fennoscandian arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) kept in captivity for breeding purposes. Several outbreaks of disease occurred between 1994 and 2004. The clinical signs included ataxia, indications of anosmia, blindness, and abnormal behavior. The disease was characterized by severe necrotizing encephalitis affecting mostly the cranial cerebrum, basal ganglia, and olfactory bulbs. Investigations to identify the etiology of the disease included testing for several infectious agents known to cause encephalitis in carnivores. Tests for Toxoplasma gondii, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, Neospora caninum, canine distemper virus, rabies, adenovirus type 1, Borna disease virus, and Listeria monocytogenes were negative. The colony was closed, and the cause of the disease remains undetermined.  相似文献   

Effect of size on the bending strength of laminated veneer lumber     

Mikael Fonselius 《Wood Science and Technology》1997,31(6):399-413

Summary The effect of size on bending strength has been experimentally determined for laminated veneer lumber. Width was found to have no effect on bending strength. The effect of depth times length on bending strength obtained by the slope method was about 0.075, which is in good agreement with the results obtained by the shape parameter method. The effect of length is somewhat more severe than the effect of depth. Size was found to have no effect on modulus of elasticity or modulus of rigidity.In addition, the relationships between bending strength, modulus of elasticity and density of laminated veneer lumber were experimentally modelled.The author is pleased to acknowledge Research and Development Manager Matti Kairi, who represents the Kerto laminated veneer lumber manufacturer of Finnforest Oy, for fruitful co-operation over several years. The patience of senior research scientist Markku Kortesmaa, who calculated and several times explained the details of Appendix A for the author, is also acknowledged  相似文献   

Morphometric analysis of proinflammatory cytokines in mammary glands of sows suggests an association between clinical mastitis and local production of IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha     

Zhu Y  Fossum C  Berg M  Magnusson U 《Veterinary research》2007,38(6):871-882

Twelve healthy primiparous sows received intramammary inoculation with Escherichia coli (serotype O127) during the 24-h period preceding parturition. Mammary gland biopsy samples were taken immediately before inoculation (0 h) and from the inoculated and the contralateral non-inoculated glands 24 h after inoculation. The analyses of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) by immunohistochemistry revealed that the production of these proinflammatory cytokines significantly increased in the inoculated mammary glands of sows that developed clinical signs of mastitis (affected group, n=4) 24 h after inoculation. This was also true for IL-8 in the inoculated mammary glands of sows that did not develop clinical signs of mastitis (nonaffected group, n=8). Sows that developed clinical signs of mastitis displayed significantly lower constitutive production of IL-1beta than did sows that remained clinically healthy. The data indicate that the development of clinical symptoms of coliform mastitis in the sow is associated with a locally increased proinflammatory cytokine production in response to intramammary E. coli infection.  相似文献   

Expression of CD34 mRNA and protein in cattle     

Niku M  Pessa-Morikawa T  Ra R  Ekman A  Iivanainen A 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2007,117(3-4):162-172

CD34 is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed by hematopoietic progenitors and endothelial cells. It is used widely in the clinic for purification of human hematopoietic stem cells transplants, and as an endothelial marker for several species. The aim of this study was to produce an anti-bovine CD34 antibody and to characterize the expression of CD34 mRNA and protein in cattle tissues. The bovine CD34 cDNA was cloned by RT-PCR, and the expression of bovine CD34 mRNA investigated by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization. Polyclonal antibodies were raised against CD34 polypeptide fragments expressed in Escherichia coli, and affinity purified. Alternative splicing of bovine CD34 mRNA was observed. Both splice variants were readily observed in endothelium, while the variant encoding a truncated cytoplasmic domain was mostly undetectable in bone marrow mononuclear cells. A polyclonal antibody against an extracellular fragment of the CD34 polypeptide was characterized using Western blots, cytocentrifuge preparates, and paraffin sections. CD34 immunoreactivity was enriched in lineage-depleted bone marrow cells. The antibody labelled most blood vessel endothelia in fetal and adult cattle, with highest intensity in capillaries. Newly forming capillaries in granulation tissue were also stained. Lymphatic vessels and the endothelium of liver sinusoids were negative.  相似文献   

Tree influence on soil microbial community structure     

Lisbet Holm Bach  John-Arvid Grytnes  Mikael Ohlson 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2010,42(11):1934-1943

Biological communities differ over time and in space, and in the forest these communities often vary according to trees and tree gaps, mediated by mechanisms that are likely to change over time and as a tree are removed. In this paper we ask the questions: What is the influence of individual trees on soil microbial community structure? Does the soil microbial community change in the short-term when a tree is removed, and does this change depend on the initial influence of the tree? We use phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis and a geostatistical approach to study effects of trees and tree removal (thinning) on soil microbial community structure in a young boreal Norway spruce (Picea abies) forest. An experiment was setup where half (four) of the included trees were cut and soil was collected prior to (t0) and one month after (t1) tree felling. The samples were collected along two perpendicular transects originating from each of the eight study trees. A tree influence index was calculated for each sample point from the distances to neighbouring trees, weighted by tree diameter. We found that individual trees are important in structuring the soil microbial community as microbial community structure responded to the gradient in tree influence. Also strong spatial structure was found corresponding to the patch structure induced by trees. Changes in microbial community structure before and after tree felling (t0 and t1) was found to differ significantly between felled and non-felled trees: samples from felled trees came to resemble samples with a low value of tree influence and samples from below non-felled trees came to resemble samples with a high value for tree influence. We thus found that soil microbial community structure in a boreal forest is spatially structured by the distribution of single trees, and that soil microbial community structure varies seasonally and is affected by tree removal, in an intricate manner that reflects the initial influence of trees.  相似文献   

Public cost-sharing in private forest investments in Finland 1983–2000     

Mikael Linden  Jussi Leppänen 《European Journal of Forest Research》2006,125(3):317-324

A model of public cost-sharing in private forest investment is proposed to describe the substitution between the private financing of investments and public investment assistance. The substitution depends on the curvature conditions of the forest investment function on forest stock. When the second-order investment effects are close to zero or when they do not exist, the funding substitution will not take place. A simultaneous econometric model for private and public funding employing forest incomes, forest income taxes, interest rates, investment scale and market wood price expectations as exogenous variables is estimated. The model estimation based on Finnish regional data in 1983–2000 rejects the substitution alternative. A 10% increase in private investment funding increases the demand for public funding at the same rate, but a 10% increase in public funds will increase the private funds supply by 2.5%. Significant income effects are found only in the case of private funding. In northern Finland, the scale effects are large for public financial assistance. The effects of the income tax reform on the private supply of funds are positive, especially for the new wood-sales profit taxation, whereas the interest rate and price expectation effects are negative.

Mikael LindenEmail: Phone: +358-13-2514225Fax: +358-13-2513290

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Evaluation of the clinical efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine or medetomidine in cats and their reversal with atipamezole     

Granholm M  McKusick BC  Westerholm FC  Aspegrén JC 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2006,33(4):214-223

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the clinical effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) and medetomidine (MED) in cats, and their reversal with atipamezole (ATI). Study design Prospective blinded randomized multi-centre clinical trial. Animals One hundred and twenty client-owned cats. METHODS: Cats were randomly allocated to receive a single intramuscular (IM) injection of either DEX (0.04 mg kg(-1), n = 62) or MED (0.08 mg kg(-1), n = 58) for minor procedures requiring sedation and analgesia. Afterwards, ATI (0.2 mg kg(-1)) was administered IM to half the cats, randomly assigned. Prior to, during and after the procedure the sedative, analgesic and cardiorespiratory effects and body temperature were assessed. RESULTS: Dexmedetomidine and MED produced clinically and statistically comparable effects. The intended procedure(s) could be performed in over 90% of cats. Sedation and analgesia were apparent within 5 minutes, peak effects were observed at approximately 30 minutes and spontaneous recovery occurred by 180 minutes of injection. Heart and respiratory rate and body temperature decreased significantly over time and had not returned to baseline values 180 minutes after administration. ATI administration completely reversed the sedative and analgesic effects, returned the heart rate to normal and prevented any further reductions in respiratory rate and body temperature in both DEX- and MED-treated cats. The reporting of adverse events was low and the most commonly observed event was vomiting (7%). No serious adverse events or concerns regarding safety were reported. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Dexmedetomidine (0.04 mg kg(-1)) produced comparable sedative and analgesic effects to MED (0.08 mg kg(-1)) in cats. DEX produced adequate sedation and analgesia for radiography, grooming, dental care and lancing of abscesses. ATI fully reversed the clinical effects of DEX.  相似文献   

Properties of aged montmorillonite-wheat gluten composite films     

Olabarrieta I  Gällstedt M  Ispizua I  Sarasua JR  Hedenqvist MS 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(4):1283-1288

The properties of new and aged glycerol-plasticized vital wheat gluten films containing < or =4.5 wt % natural or quaternary ammonium salt modified montmorillonite clay were investigated. The films were cast from pH 4 or pH 11 ethanol/water solutions. The films, aged for < or =120 days, were characterized by tensile testing, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, water vapor permeability (11% relative humidity) and the content of volatile components were measured. The large reduction in the water vapor permeability with respect to the pristine polymer suggests that the clay platelets were evenly distributed within the films and oriented preferably with the platelet long axis parallel to the film surface. The film prepared from pH 11 solution containing natural clay was, as revealed by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, almost completely exfoliated. This film was consequently also the strongest, the stiffest, and the most brittle and, together with the pH 11 film containing modified clay, it also showed the greatest decrease in water vapor permeability. The large blocking effect of the clay had no effect on the aging kinetics of the films. During aging, the pH 4 and pH 11 film strength and the pH 4 film stiffness increased and the pH 4 film ductility decreased at the same rate with or without clay. This suggests that the aging was not diffusion rate limited, that is, that the loss of volatile components or the migration of glycerol or glycerol/wheat gluten phase separation was not limited by diffusion kinetics. The aging rate seemed to be determined by slow structural changes, possibly involving protein denaturation and aggregation processes.  相似文献