Evaluation of the Autonomic Nervous System in a Canine Model of Chronic Embolic Pulmonary Hypertension     

Ogawa  Mizuki  Ishizaka  Mio  Akabane  Ryota  Sakatani  Atsushi  Nagakawa  Masayoshi  Miyakawa  Hirosumi  Miyagawa  Yuichi  Takemura  Naoyuki 《Veterinary research communications》2020,44(2):73-81

Veterinary Research Communications - Sildenafil improves autonomic dysfunction caused by pulmonary hypertension (PH) in humans, but its effect is unknown in dogs with PH. This prospective study...  相似文献   

Field studies of anthracnose symptoms and pathogen infection in different phases of the persimmon growing season     

Marcos Antonio Dolinski  Thiago de Aguiar Carraro  Eduardo Silva Gorayeb  Louise Larissa May De Mio 《Plant pathology》2022,71(5):1120-1130

Anthracnose is the main disease of persimmon and is caused by Colletotrichum spp. The study of field epidemiology is essential for the development of efficient management of this disease. In this study, we investigated infection by Colletotrichum spp. throughout the persimmon growing season to understand the host–pathogen interactions better. We observed the production of primary inoculum of persimmon anthracnose and described how epidemics progress from secondary infections during the fruit crop season. The field study was carried out in an organic orchard with three susceptible persimmon cultivars, Fuyu, Kakimel and Jiro, for three consecutive seasons. Our results indicate that the pathogen survives in 1-year-old shoots, which are the sources of primary inoculum. Later that growing season, the inoculum reaches flowers and new shoots, developing symptoms and producing the secondary inoculum. Fruit drop was also observed, with or without symptoms of anthracnose, throughout the plant cycle. In some of the symptomless fruit, collected from the plant and from the ground where they had fallen, latent infections of Colletotrichum spp. were detected. Shoots, flowers, immature and ripened fruit remained infected throughout the growing season, producing conidia that could lead to new secondary infections within and among plants. The incidence of anthracnose in fruit at harvest and postharvest proved to be less relevant for disease management. Practices for chemical and cultural control of the disease throughout the persimmon growing season are discussed.  相似文献   

Dispersal gradient of M. fructicola conidia from peach orchard to an open field     

Lichtemberg  P. S. F.  Moreira  L. M.  Zeviani  W. M.  Amorim  L.  De Mio  L. L. May 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2022,162(1):231-236

European Journal of Plant Pathology - Dispersal gradient and the maximum distance that spores of M. fructicola can spread allow the quantification of the relative risk of disease spread from spores...  相似文献   

Dose assessment of 2% chlorhexidine acetate for canine superficial pyoderma     

Murayama N  Terada Y  Okuaki M  Nagata M 《Veterinary dermatology》2011,22(5):449-453

The dose of 2% chlorhexidine acetate (2CA; Nolvasan^® Surgical Scrub; Fort Dodge Animal Health, Fort Dodge, IA, USA) for canine superficial pyoderma was evaluated. The first trial compared three doses (group 1, 57 mL/m² body surface area; group 2, 29 mL/m² body surface area; and group 3, 19 mL/m² body surface area) in a randomized, double‐blind, controlled fashion. Twenty‐seven dogs with superficial pyoderma were treated with 2CA at the allocated doses every 2 days for 1 week. The owners and investigators subjectively evaluated the dogs, and investigators scored skin lesions, including erythema, papules/pustules, alopecia and scales, on a 0–4 scale. There were no significant differences in response between the treatment groups. The second trial established a practical dose‐measuring method for 2CA. Sixty‐eight owners were asked to apply 2CA on their palm in an amount corresponding to a Japanese ¥500 coin, 26.5 mm in diameter. This yielded an average dose of 0.90 ± 0.40 mL. Mathematically, the doses used in groups 1, 2 and 3 can be represented as one coin per approximately one‐, two‐ and three‐hand‐sized lesions, respectively. The results therefore suggest that owners instructed to apply one coin of the product per two‐hand‐sized areas of superficial pyoderma would use the range of doses evaluated in this trial.  相似文献   

Variant of SCN5A sodium channel implicated in risk of cardiac arrhythmia     

Splawski I  Timothy KW  Tateyama M  Clancy CE  Malhotra A  Beggs AH  Cappuccio FP  Sagnella GA  Kass RS  Keating MT 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,297(5585):1333-1336

Every year, approximately 450,000 individuals in the United States die suddenly of cardiac arrhythmia. We identified a variant of the cardiac sodium channel gene SCN5A that is associated with arrhythmia in African Americans (P = 0.000028) and linked with arrhythmia risk in an African-American family (P = 0.005). In transfected cells, the variant allele (Y1102) accelerated channel activation, increasing the likelihood of abnormal cardiac repolarization and arrhythmia. About 13.2% of African Americans carry the Y1102 allele. Because Y1102 has a subtle effect on risk, most carriers will never have an arrhythmia. However, Y1102 may be a useful molecular marker for the prediction of arrhythmia susceptibility in the context of additional acquired risk factors such as the use of certain medications.  相似文献   

Heterogeneity of peach rust disease progress within the tree canopy     

Cristiano N. Nesi  Giselda Alves  Paulo Justiniano Ribeiro Jr  Louise L. May De Mio 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2014,139(4):663-677

Peach rust (Tranzschelia discolor) is a major foliar disease of peach that can cause severe defoliation. Few epidemiological studies have been conducted on peach rust, and there is no information concerning the spatial distribution of the disease within the canopy. This study aimed to characterise the onset and temporal progress of peach rust in three height strata in peach trees grown in two different orchards: one treated with fungicide and the second non-treated. Evaluations were conducted fortnightly between November and April for two consecutive years. Positional information for the disease within the canopy was obtained by assessing the incidence and severity of peach rust on leaves in both orchards. A linear mixed model with the position of shoots as the fixed effect and cultivars and blocks as random effects was adopted for the data analysis over both seasons, in the fungicide-treated orchard incidence and severity ranged from 60 to 90 % and 0.5 to 2 %, respectively, while in the non-treated orchard incidence and severity ranged from 90 to 100 % and 10 to 15 %, respectively. The area under the disease progress curve was greater for the upper shoots compared to the lower shoots, but the disease progress rates were similar. The logistic and exponential models best fitted the incidence and severity data, respectively. Urediniospores were detected by traps within the experimental area between late winter and early spring. Predominance of autoinfection or alloinfection is discussed.  相似文献   

Characterization of Monilinia species associated with brown rot in stone fruit in Brazil          下载免费PDF全文

J. M. M. Fischer  D. C. Savi  R. Aluizio  L. L. May De Mio  C. Glienke 《Plant pathology》2017,66(3):423-436

Fungi of the Monilinia genus occur worldwide and affect a wide range of economically important stone fruits. Several Monilinia species are responsible for brown rot. Although this disease is common in Brazil, Monilinia sp. genetic variability in Brazilian orchards has generally been poorly characterized. The present study represents the first report on the genetic diversity of Monilinia sp. from Brazilian orchards. The genetic structure of the Brazilian population was also compared to isolates from other countries, together with some morphological characteristics and aggressiveness. Sixty‐one isolates belonging to the Monilinia genus were obtained from different orchards in Brazilian states. Ten Monilinia fructicola isolates from the United States and one isolate from a fruit imported into Brazil were also evaluated. Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2 region (internal transcribed spacer) clustered most Brazilian and American isolates with M. fructicola authentic strains from Q‐Bank. Two isolates (one from an imported fruit) clustered as Monilinia laxa. The results revealed M. fructicola as the prevalent species associated with brown rot in Brazilian orchards. To evaluate the intraspecific diversity of M. fructicola and M. laxa, multigene sequence analysis was performed using ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2 and TEF1 (elongation factor 1). Whilst TEF1 is the most phylogenetically informative gene for intraspecific studies of M. fructicola, RPB2 (RNA polymerase II gene) displayed low variation in intraspecific analysis, but was an informative locus for assigning isolates to M. fructicola or M. laxa species. The amova suggests that Brazilian isolates from the States of the main producing regions belong to a single genetic population, which is genetically distinct from the US (Californian) population of M. fructicola.  相似文献   

Fungicide sensitivity and monocyclic parameters related to the Phakopsora pachyrhizi–soybean pathosystem from organic and conventional soybean production systems          下载免费PDF全文

A. C. Klosowski  C. Castellar  G. Stammler  L. L. May De Mio 《Plant pathology》2018,67(8):1697-1705

The failure of chemical control of soybean rust has been related to the selection of less sensitive isolates, and the infection capacity of such isolates could have implications for the management of the disease. The aims of the present study were to compare the sensitivity to tebuconazole and azoxystrobin and the monocycle of soybean rust using isolates of Phakopsora pachyrhizi from two soybean fields with different production systems (organic and conventional) in 2012/13 and 2013/14 seasons, and to monitor mutations in the CYP51 gene. To assess the sensitivity to tebuconazole and azoxystrobin, detached leaf tests and in vitro germination, respectively, were used. To evaluate the monocycle, detached leaves were inoculated with a urediniospore suspension and evaluated daily by counting the number of uredia. The occurrence of the mutations in CYP51 was investigated by a pyrosequencing assay. In both 2012/13 and 2013/14 seasons, the EC₅₀ to tebuconazole was lower for the population from the organic system (0.41 and 0.10 μg mL^?1, respectively) compared to the conventional system (1.60 and 4.44 μg mL^?1, respectively), while the EC₅₀ to azoxystrobin was similar for both populations. The lower sensitivity to tebuconazole and azoxystrobin was associated with F120L + Y131H mutations in CYP51, and the F129L mutation in CYTB, respectively. The monomolecular model fitted to monocycle data and parameters related to the maximum asymptote and the AUDPC were superior for organic than the conventional system.  相似文献   

Determination of adulteration in apple juice by HPLC with novel optical rotation detector     

Yamamoto A  Kawai M  Miwa T  Tsukamoto T  Kodama S  Hayakawa K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(16):7302-7304

A simple HPLC method for the determination of adulteration in apple juice was developed. The method is based on the detection of D-malate, derived from racemic malic acid, which is added as an acidulant. A variable-wavelength optical rotation detector was used to determine the enantiomeric excess (ee). Using anion-exchange chromatography with a phosphate buffer eluent and UV (210 nm) detection, the limit of detection for L-malate was 2 microg. With an injection of 13.4 microg of malate, the standard deviation of the ee calibration curve was 2.5%. Several apple juice samples were analyzed according to the proposed procedure, and the results agreed with those obtained using enzymatic kits for food analysis.  相似文献   

Immunohistochemical demonstration of somatostatin-containing cells in the equine thyroid and parathyroid glands     

N Tanimura  S Tateyama  R Yamaguchi  D Nosaka 《Nippon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science》1989,51(1):228-230

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